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This article follows the history of migration from the mountain villages of the Jebel Nafusa in Ottoman Trablus al-Gharb (in today’s northwestern Libya) to the southern Tunisian island of Djerba in the early 20th century. It situates this local history of migration within the broader framework of Maghribi migration both before and during the colonial era in Libya (1911–43), while tracing the histories of two categories of migrants, in particular, manual laborers and Qur’an teachers (m’addib-s). The article makes three claims: (1) Nafusi migration was as much the result of local historical circumstances as it was a response to colonialism; (2) the historical experience of migration of Nafusis differed according to social class; and (3) local circumstances shaped the dynamics of migrant integration in the Maghrib. In doing so, I demonstrate how Nafusi migration to Djerba both conforms to and diverges from the larger history of late Ottoman and colonial-era migration in Tunisia. By shifting the focus away from the colonial moment, I make the case for foregrounding longer-term regional connections and migrations that linked different spaces across the Maghrib and also attend to local histories and what they offer in the way of caveats and exceptions.
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On the Jumnī family, and on the growing influence of the Mālikīs to the detriment of the Ibāḍīs
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This article is aimed at analyzing the medieval and modern source material dealing with the history of Djerba under the Rustamid Imāmate in an attempt to clarify the nature of both the historical and historiographical relationship between them. It will begin by discussing the available primary and secondary source material, including the historiographical challenges they present. An analysis of the textual and archeological evidence connecting the Rustamids and Djerba will follow. Next, it will attempt to synthesize the scattered bits of evidence available in the historical record in an effort to present a clearer picture of Djerba in the Rustamid period. On the basis of this textual and archeological evidence, it will be argued that Djerba was home to an ibādī community independent of the government in Tahert for the majority ‒if not all‒ of that Imāmate’s existence ‒distinguishing the island from the surrounding areas of the Djerid (in southern Tunisia), parts of Aghlabid Ifrīqiya and the Jebel Nafūsa. Furthermore, it will be shown that evidence suggests this independence was not only a political, but also a religious one.<br><br>Este ensayo analiza las fuentes de origen medieval y moderno sobre la historia de Ŷarba en el Imāmato rustamí en un intento de aclarar la naturaleza de la relación histórica e historiográfica entre ellos. Se empieza por discutir las fuentes primarias y secundarias disponibles, incluyendo los retos historiográficos que plantean y se presenta a continuación un análisis de las evidencias textuales y arqueológicas que conectan a los rustamíes con Ŷarba. Se intenta después sintetizar las piezas dispersas de la evidencia disponible en el registro histórico con el fin de presentar una imagen más clara de Ŷarba durante el período rustamí. Con base en esta evidencia textual y arqueológica, se argumentará que Ŷarba era hogar de una comunidad ibādí independiente del gobierno en Tāhert durante la mayor parte (si no en su totalidad) de la existencia del Imāmato, distinguiendo así la isla de los alrededores del Ŷarid (en el sur de Túnez), partes de la Ifrīqiya Aglabí y el Ŷabal Nafūsa. Se muestra por último que la evidencia sugiere que esta independencia no era solamente política, sino religiosa.
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Since the so-called 'Jasmine Revolution' of 2009 in Tunisia, the idea of heritage has been destabilized following a series of attacks on religious and cultural sites across the country by militant Salafi groups. Thus far, sites of Jewish heritage have been the most affected. Cultural heritage from Tunisia's rich ancient history, redolent for certain Islamists with associations of Jahiliyya, has also been targeted. The well-publicized attack on the Bardo Museum in March 2015 was perhaps the most famous symbol of this trend. However, less publicized have been attempts to reclaim some sacred sites, resulting in the occupation of local mosques on the island of Djerba and in the town of Le Kef. In the wake of these events, some Djerbian civilians have stood up to defend what they consider as intrinsic parts of the patrimonial identity of their island. But as they have been defending these mosques against extremist groups, new considerations related to their preservation have surfaced, calling into question their very patrimonialization. In the context of this radical politicization of Tunisian heritage, this article explores the struggle over who defines the meanings and uses of heritage in Tunisia and the new challenges and opportunities that Salafi attacks have created for the heritage sector since the revolution.
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Notre recherche s'intéresse au patrimoine architectural produit par la communauté Ibadite au M'Zab, à Djerba et en Oman. Plus précisément, nous nous interrogeons sur les rapports pouvant exister entre les principales caractéristiques des mosquées de ces trois régions et la jurisprudence Ibadite traitant le domaine de l’architecture " `Imâra " et de l’urbanisme " `Umrân ". Nous avons procédé au relevé, à la description et à l'analyse d’un nombre représentatif de sanctuaires dans les trois terrains considérés. Une approche historique de l'Ibadisme et de ses fondements, en plus d’une recherche exploratoire dans le domaine du droit religieux relatif à la construction et à la gestion de la mosquée, ont permis de constituer le corpus juridique nécessaire pour notre analyse. Enfin, cette recherche a tenté d'esquisser une première Image de ce que peut être une " Mosquée Ibadite " et mettre en valeur le rôle qu'a pu jouer le Fiqh dans la constitution de cette architecture religieuse, tout en ne manquant pas de souligner les distorsions et les dépassements dont témoignent les monuments étudiés par rapport aux principes fixés par les savants religieux. Our Research is about the built Heritage realised by the Ibadites in the M'Zab, Djerba and Oman. More precisely, our interrogations concern the relations that may exist between the typical aspect of the mosques in these three regions and the Ibadi Jurisprudence dealing with architecture "`Imâra" and urban planning "`Umrân". We investigated the architecture as well as the Fiqh works of the Ibadi community. We proceeded to the description of a representative number of mosques in the three regions in question. A historical approach of Ibadism and an exploratory research in the field of Ibadi religious laws, related to the construction and the management of mosques, had been undertaken in order to build up the necessary corpus to our analysis. At last, this research made possible a first "image" of what could be the architecture of an "Ibadi mosque", without ignoring the differences and the overtaking which characterize each region.
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Topic
- Tâjdît, Mosquée (Fâtû, Djerba)
- Abu Miswar, mosquée (Fahmine, Djerba) (5)
- Abu Muhammad Kammus, mosquée (Hachene, Djerba) (3)
- Abu Sitta, mosquée (Sedouikech, Djerba) (1)
- Abu Smayil, mosquée (Mezrane, Djerba) (3)
- Abu Zakariyya Fasil, mosquée (Bani Bandou, Djerba) (2)
- Ammi Umar, mosquée (Ghizen, Djerba) (2)
- Ammi Yathi, mosquée (Fahmine, Djerba) (6)
- Architecture -- Djerba (9)
- Architecture -- Mzab (1)
- Attushi, mosquée al- (Wersighen, Djerba) (3)
- Awlad Hilal, mosquée (Khazroun, Djerba) (1)
- Bardawi, mosquée al- (Mezrane, Djerba) (3)
- Basi, mosquée al- (Oualegh, Djerba) (2)
- Ben Biyan, mosquée (Majmaj, Djerba) (6)
- Bin Hammuda, mosquée (Jaabira, Djerba) (1)
- Bin Ma'zuz, mosquée (Mezraya, Djerba) (5)
- Bin Mīmūn, mosquée (Beni Bandou, Djerba) (1)
- Bin Wiran, mosquée (Ajim, Djerba) (4)
- Bin Ya'lâ, mosquée (Erriadh, Djerba) (4)
- Bin Yakhlaf, mosquée (Guechaine, Djerba) (5)
- Bûkhtîr, mosquée (Taghdimes, Djerba) (4)
- Bûlaymân, Mosquée (Cedghiane, Djerba) (4)
- Bûlaymân, Mosquée (Ja’bîra, Djerba) (6)
- Bumas'ud, mosquée (Ajim, Djerba) (1)
- Emigration -- Djebel Nefousa -- Djerba (1)
- Enseignement -- Djerba -- 1881-1956 (1)
- Fadhloun, mosquée (Midoun, Djerba) (1)
- Faqih Umar, mosquée al- (Ajim, Djerba) (2)
- Fuzar, mosquée (Sedouikech, Djerba) (1)
- Ghazi Mustafa, Burj (Houmt-Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Ghuraba, mosquée al- (Houmt Souk, Djerba) (4)
- Hâra, mosquée al- (Sedouikech, Djerba) (5)
- Ḥashānī, mosquée al- (Ghizen, Djerba) (1)
- Jadariyya, mosquée al- (Jaabira, Djerba) (1)
- Jaddi Isa, mosquée (Robbana, Djerba) (4)
- Jadīd (Būmallāl), mosquée al- (Boumellal, Djerba) (1)
- Jami al-Kabir, mosquée al- (Hachene, Djerba) (8)
- Lîmis, mosquée (Ajim, Djerba) (5)
- Luta, mosquée (Sedouikech, Djerba) (1)
- Majlis, Mosquée al- (Guellala, Djerba) (3)
- Malāq, mosquée (Oualegh, Djerba) (1)
- Malāq, mosquée (Oued Zbib, Djerba) (1)
- Marākshī, mosquée al- (Houmt-Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Midrâjin, mosquée (Mezraya, Djerba) (8)
- Mihrab Gharib, mosquée (Ghizen, Djerba) (2)
- Monuments -- Djerba (19)
- Mthaniya, mosquée al- (Ajim, Djerba) (4)
- Mughzal, mosquée (Beni Maaguel, djerba) (3)
- Qallal, mosquée al- (Oualegh, Djerba) (1)
- Qasbiyyin, mosquée al- (Guellala, Djerba) (6)
- Qṣārīn, mosquée (Houmt Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Shaykh, mosquée al- (Guechaine, Djerba) (2)
- Shaykh, mosquée al- (Houmt Souk, Djerba) (2)
- Sidi Abd Allah, mosquée (Beni Bandou, Djerba) (1)
- Sidi Abd Allah, mosquée (Mezrane, Djerba) (4)
- Sīdī al-Baḥrī, mosquée (Houmt-Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Sīdī Bin ʿIsā, zaouia (Houmt-Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Sidi Bu Sa'id, mosquée (Bazim, Djerba) (2)
- Sidi Bu Sa'id, mosquée (Boumellal, Djerba) (1)
- Sīdī Būʿakāzīn, mosquée (Houmt-Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Sidi Garus, mosquée (Haddada, Djerba) (3)
- Sidi Ibrahim al-Jumni, mosquée (Houmt Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Sidi Ismail, mosquée (Fâtû, Djerba) (1)
- Sidi Jmur, mosquée (El Groo, Djerba) (3)
- Sidi Khalifa, mosquée (Houmt Arbah, Djerba) (4)
- Sīdī Msāhil, mosquée (Beni Bandou, Djerba) (1)
- Sidi Sabbaḥ, mosquée (Tezdaine, Djerba) (3)
- Sidi Salama, mosquée (Erriadh, Djerba) (4)
- Sidi Salih, mosquée (Bani Bandou, Djerba) (4)
- Sīdī Sālim, mosquée (Khanfous, Djerba) (1)
- Sidi Salim, mosquée (Khanfus, djerba) (1)
- Sidi Waḥlan, mosquée (Haddada, Djerba) (3)
- Sidi Yahya al-Yazmirtani, mosquée (Erriadh, Djerba) (3)
- Sidī Yaʿīsh, mosquée (Jaabira, Djerba) (5)
- Sidi Zakri, mosquée (Mezraya, Djerba) (4)
- Sīdī Zītūnī, zaouia (Houmt Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Sīdī ʿAbd al-Qādir, zaouia (Houmt-Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Talâkin, Mosquée (Ghizen, Djerba) (10)
- Tghazwisan, mosquée (Mezrane, Djerba) (5)
- Tîfarrûjîn, mosquée (Oualagh, Djerba) (4)
- Tîwâjin, mosquée (Tîwâjin, Djerba) (7)
- Turuk, mosquée al- (Houmt Souk, Djerba) (1)
- Vie politique -- Djerba (2)
- Walḥī, mosquée (Oued Zbib, Djerba) (5)
- Yunus b. Taarit, mosquée (Fatou, Djerba) (2)
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- Book (9)
- Book Section (3)
- Journal Article (5)
- Thesis (4)