Rock Scenes of Goats and Herders in Dhofar: An Analogy with the Dhofari Traditional Goatherds - El-Mahi, Ali Tigani (أدوماتو, 2023)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Gathering Esculent Wild Plants in Dhofar: Prehistoric Practice Continued - El-Mahi, Ali Tigani (أدوماتو, 2022)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Rock Art Scenes from Wadi Fida, Oman - El-Mahi, Ali Tigani (أدوماتو, 2021)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

L'industrie lithique des premiers chasseurs-collecteurs maritimes d'Arabie : la grotte de Natif 2 (Dhofar, sultanat d'Oman) - Marchand, Gregor; Charpentier, Vincent; Maiorano, Maria Pia; Borgi, Federico (Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 2024)
Découverte en 2013, dans le Dhofar-province méridionale du sultanat d'Oman-la grotte de Natif 2 est actuellement l'unique témoin de communautés maritimes du Paléolithique final, en péninsule Arabique. La fouille d'une partie du porche révèle une importante activité humaine entre le début du IX e et le milieu du VIII e millénaire avant notre ère, notamment en termes de production halieutique, d'écologie ou de technologie lithique. Ainsi la pêche pratiquée dans des eaux peu profondes et à quelques centaines de mètres de la grotte, s'oriente vers de petites espèces pélagiques (anchois et sardinelles), mais aussi d'un petit poisson-chat marin. En parallèle, la capture de raies et de squales (ces derniers pouvant dépasser plus de 2 m de long), est confirmée. Cet article présente les industries lithiques datées de la première moitié du VIII e millénaire avant notre ère (env. 7950-7600 cal. BCE). L'étude vise à caractériser les techniques et méthodes de débitage, afin de compléter nos faibles connaissances sur les technocomplexes dits « à pointe de Fasad ». L'analyse typologique et technologique de l'industrie lithique de Natif 2 montre une grande homogénéité dans l'en-semble de la stratigraphie. Les armatures de Fasad sont surtout très homogènes dans leurs principes techniques. La production de lamelles à profil longitudinal peu convexe-voire rectiligne-et à extrémité distale pointue constitue un objectif de débitage original, qui a, de facto, valeur de marqueur culturel. Les autres outils aménagés les plus caracté-ristiques se composent de troncatures obliques sur lames ou éclats, de perçoirs et d'éclats denticulés. Pour de tels outils assez courts, les méthodes de production observées sont très simples, avec une production intégrée de lames courtes, de lamelles épaisses et d'éclats non corticaux.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

تجويد القرآن والإجازة القرآنية وأثرهما على الكوادر الدينية في سلطنة عُمان - البطاشية, زوينة بنت حمود بن ناصر (مجلة کلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنات بالإسکندرية, 2024)
تحدث البحث عن (تجويد القرآن والإجازة القرآنية) من حيث مفهوم كل منهما وأهميته ، والأدلة الشرعية عليه، كما تطرق البحث إلى مراحل تعلم التجويد بدءا من القضاء على اللحون الجلية وانتهاء بالإجازة القرآنية، كما تحدث عن تأريخ مصطلح الإجازة القرآنية، ومشاركة العلماء العُمانيين في هذا الجانب ثم كشف اللثام عن مشروع عُمان للإجازة القرآنية والمراحل التي يمر الدارس به، وأظهر البحث أثر كل من علم التجويد والإجازة القرآنية على الكوادر الدينية في سلطنة عُمان مثل معلمات القرآن والمرشدات الدينيات، واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج المقارن والمنهج النقدي وخلصت إلى نتائج كان من أهمهما:التجويد عبادة من العبادات وشعار من شعائر الإسلام وفي الوقت نفسه يظهر إعجاز القرآن وحفظ كثيرا من لهجات العرب وهو مهم للمشتغلين في الإمامة والخطابة وتعليم القرآن، ولمن أراد أن يكون متقنا لقراءة القرآن حق الإتقان أن يتطلع إلى أخذ إجازة في قراءة القرآن على شيخ متقن ماهر خريت، وكانت للعُمانيين مشاركات مشكورة في باب الإجازة والقراءات، يأتي في مقدمتهم العالم أبو محمد الحسن بن علي بن سعيد العُماني صاحب كتاب الأوسط في القراءات، وبرز أثر الإجازة القرآنية ظاهر وجليا على الكوادر الدينية العُمانية حيث انتشرت ثقافة الإجازة في ربوع عُمان،فكثر المجازون والمجازات، واهتمت كثير من الجهات الخاصة والعامة بذلك، وبرز قراء وقارئات عُمانيون ذوو حناجر ذهبية مميزة.
Keywords: Coran -- récitations

Cyrille Aillet, L’archipel Ibāḍīte. Une histoire des marges du Maghreb médiéval, Lyon, CIHAM Éditions, 2022 - Francesca, Ersilia (Der Islam, 2024)
Article Cyrille Aillet, L’archipel Ibāḍīte. Une histoire des marges du Maghreb médiéval, Lyon, CIHAM Éditions, 2022 (Mondes médiévaux). 592 p. ISBN: 978-2-9568426-4-4. was published on October 1, 2024 in the journal Der Islam (volume 101, issue 2).
Keywords: Recension

Virginie Prevost, Les mosquées ibadites du Djebel Nafūsa. Architecture, histoire et religions du nord-ouest de la Libye (VIIIe–XIIIe siècle), Monograph 10, London: Society for Libyan Studies, 2016, 232 pp., ISBN 978 1 900971 41 6. - Gutiérrez, González Carmen (Der Islam, 2024)
Keywords: Recension

عقيدة الولاء والبراء عند الإباضية في ضوء الكتاب والسنة "دراسة تحليلية" - طه, محمد صبار (مجلة كلية المعارف الجامعة, 2024)
إن للأباضية أقوال في الأصول والفروع تتفق بعضها مع جمهور السنة والجماعة تارة وتارة تختلف ، ومنها مسألة الولاء والبراء فظهرت منهم شدة في بعض الوجوه. ولأهمية عقيدة الولاء والبراء فقد عني القرآن الكريم بتقريرها؛ لأنها الرابطة الإيمانية التي تجمع المؤمنين فيما بينهم، وتحرم موالاة الكافرين وأهل الضلال من أهل الفرق الأخرى. وقد استخدم البحث منهج استقراء النصوص التي تناولت الموضوع والمنهج التحليلي. وتهدف الدراسة إلى الكشف عن حقيقة الولاء والبراء وأدلتها في ضوء الكتاب والسنة. وتلخص الدراسة بيانا عن نشأة الإباضية ، ودراسة الأفكار والمعتقدات عندهم. ودراسة الولاء البراء عند الإباضية. وتوصلت نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى: أن الإباضية اتسموا بالاعتدال وخصوصا المعاصرين منهم بالرغم مما يقال بأنهم فرقة من فرق الخوارج. المسائل الاعتقادية عند الإباضية منها ما يوافق أهل السنة والجماعة وهي الأعم الأغلب ومنها ما يخالف. للإباضية فرق متعددة. وعقيدة الولاء والبراء عند الإباضية لها أقسام وموجبات يشترط عندهم أن تتوفر فيها. من مميزات الولاء البراء عند الإباضية أنهم لا يوالون متركب الكبيرة مطلقاً ويتبرؤون منه.
Keywords: Foi -- thèmes et motifs

PAUL M. LOVE Jr. The Ottoman Ibadis of Cairo: A History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023). 236pp., $105.55 cloth. ISBN: 9781009254267. - Gaiser, Adam R. (Review of Middle East Studies, 2024)
Keywords: Recension

The Oman and its traditional foreign policy: the economic costs of positive neutrality - Gómez-Benita, Ignacio Gutiérrez de Terán (Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, 2024)
Oman has developed under the rule of former Sultan Qaboos (1970-2020) a particular foreign strategy with its own basic lines, without neglecting the need to achieve a regional understanding with its neighbours and international superpowers, United States in the first place. Over the course of the last three years, his cousin and successor, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, has aimed to undergo the “smooth” positive neutrality pursued by Qaboos albeit his efforts to introduce a number of innovations have been constrained under the pressure of an unexpected economic crisis. We try to analyse whether these budget grievances can oblige Muscat to establish a closer relationship with Saudi Arabia at the expense of its positive neutrality policies regarding a number of regional issues, e.g., Iran Nuclear Deal, Yemen´s war or the Peace process between Arab countries and Israel. We think that material conditions have already had a clear impact on Oman´s neutral diplomacy, mainly because Oman has relied on Saudis to help it overcome its dire financial straits. This does not mean, however, that the current Sultan is not making great efforts to maintain its traditional commitment to a type of strategy that could be termed specifically Omani; but the fact is that the decrease in oil and gas prices has had a remarkable effect on its government´s domestic and foreign policies. And as we intend to argue, the principles of positive neutral foreign policy of a small country like Oman cannot be disassociated from its economic situation and its increasing dependence on regional organizations like the Gulf Cooperation Council (which is highly influenced by Saudi´s priorities). This direction, we believe, leads to a renewed alignment with Riyadh which, after providing generous financial aid, is well placed to impose a “new regional view” on its south eastern neighbour. This new reality might change definitely the main trend line of Muscat´s traditional foreign policy as we knew it in the Gulf region.
Keywords: Politique étrangère -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Preventive conservation – a means of sustainability of cultural heritage: The case of the M’Zab Valley - Ouaali, Samia; Anouche, Karima (Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU, 2024)
The management of heritage sites is fundamental to their conservation and sustainability, and more broadly, it contributes to the preservation of...
Keywords: Architecture -- Mzab; Monuments -- conservation -- Mzab

مناسبات جریان‌های شیعی عمان با حکومت و سایر مسلمانان - بیک زاده علیشاه, مجید; نواب, سیدابوالحسن; محمدی مظفر, محمد حسن (پژوهشنامه مذاهب اسلامی, 2024)
شیعیان عمان کلیتی واحد نیستند؛ برخی بلوچ، برخی خوجه، برخی بحرینی و شماری نیز عرب عمانی هستند. در هر کدام از این گروه‌ها شخصیت، هویت و تفکر جمعی خاصی ‌مشاهده می‌شود که همین امر سطوح متفاوتی از ادغام در جامعه میزبان را برای آنها رقم زده است؛ به این معنا که هرگونه تلاشی برای تقریب و نزدیک‌کردن مناسبات شیعیان عمان با دیگر مذاهب در گام اول مستلزم بر تمرکز خود شیعیان برای حذف مانع و چالش‌های موجود بین آنهاست. محدودیت‌های قانونی و ساختاری و استفاده حکومت از آنها برای مقابله با تحرکات و فعالیت‌های جدید، چالشی دیگر در این‌باره است. افزون بر آن هرگونه تلاش برای ساماندهی شیعیان عمان، ممکن است حساسیت حکومت عمان را برانگیزد که روابط حسنه‌ای با جمهوری اسلامی دارد. این پژوهش با استفاده از دو روش مطالعۀ کتابخانه‌ای و مصاحبه با یکی از کارشناسان ارشد مسائل عمان، به بررسی بیشتر جوانب حضور شیعیان در جامعه عمان می‌پردازد و رابطه آنها را با اباضیه بررسی می‌کند که بیشتر جامعه عمان را تشکیل می‌دهند، نظام حکومتی عمان را در اختیار دارند و اشتراک‌های بسیاری نیز با شیعیان دارند. این نوشتار اباضیه عمان را گزینه مناسب تقریب و دارای قابلیت‌های لازم برای دیپلماسی فرهنگی جمهوری اسلامی در نظر می‌گیرد.
Keywords: Chiisme -- Oman; Tolérance religieuse -- Oman

Medieval Islamic Evidence along the Southern Coast of Oman: The Region of Ḥāsik - Pavan, Alexia (Annali Sezione Orientale, 2024)
Abstract This contribution aims to present the results of a brief survey conducted on some ports in the Dhofar region, along the southernmost coast of the Sultanate of Oman, dated to the medieval Islamic period. The research carried out by the University of Naples L’Orientale at the site of al-Balīd and more broadly in the Dhofar region aims not only to advance new study and research activities but also to reinterpret and analyze existing materials, with the goal of developing a more complete understanding of the region’s role during the Islamic era. During this time, the port of al-Balīd, along with Ṣuḥār and Qalhāt in the northern part of the country, was one of the key centres in the trade networks of the western Indian Ocean. However, there were several satellite ports involved in long- medium and short distance trade networks which may have played an important role in communications with the interior where the frankincense resin was collected. The paper will focus on two of these ports: Sūq al-Ḥāsik and Ḥāsik Qadīm.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Religious-Ethnic Structure of the Sultanate of Oman - Abzhapparova, Bibikhadisha (Kazakhstan Oriental Studies, 2024)
The Sultanate of Oman is a unique state of the Persian Gulf, its population lives in a rapidly developing and prosperous society. The novelty of the article consist  in the fact that it studied  the way of life, traditions, religions and the history of settlement of various ethnic groups in the life of the Sultanate of Oman, as well as the peculiarities of local languages in the country. The article examines the lifestyle, traditions, religions of various ethnic groups rooted in the life of this country, as well as the history of their arrival and settlement in Oman. The sites of settlement of large ethnic groups such as Balochis, Bahais, Luati, Zanzibari and Indians were studied, and how they assimilated into society. The article analyzes how some historical events and historical aspects of the Sultanate of Oman influenced the ethnic structure in it. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it will help researchers dealing with the countries of the Persian Gulf, Oriental studies and international relations. The article examines the variants of the origin of the word "Oman", the explanations left by the researchers. It was discussed which religions the people of Oman profess, which religion is more widespread in which region. We analyzed the history, lifestyle, and characteristics of the tribes and ethnic groups known in this country, where they mainly live. Attention was drawn to the country's special support for religious tolerance and peace in society.  In the methodology of writing the article, methods of analysis-synthesis, deduction, formalization, open electronic sources, works of foreign and domestic scientists who studied this topic were used.
Keywords: Tolérance religieuse -- Oman

مستقبل سلطنة عمان بعد السلطان قابوس (مجلة كلية القانون والعلوم السياسية, 2024)
Keywords: Recension

Préserver et définir : le turāth ibadite, entre dynamiques associative et universitaire - Jomier, Augustin (La Lettre de l'IRMC, 2024)
Depuis quelques années, dans la vallée du Mzab (Algérie), l’ibadisme fait l’objet d’actions pour la préservation de son patrimoine. Des institutions, associatives et universitaires, aussi bien locales qu’internationales, œuvrent à la redécouverte de ses manuscrits et de ses bibliothèques, et à leur diffusion. Augustin Jomier, historien et chercheur à l’IRMC, en expose les acteurs et les enjeux.
Keywords: Bibliothèques -- Djebel Nefousa; Bibliothèques -- Djerba; Bibliothèques -- Mzab

نظام الوقف في ظل سلطنة زنجبار 1832-1964م (زنجبار أنموذجاً) - الزدجالي, هدى (مجلة جامعة الشارقة للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية, 2024)
إن تأسس (سلطنة زنجبار) في شرق أفريقية منذ عهد السيد سعيد بن سلطان 1804-1856م وحتى سقوطها في عهد السلطان جمشيد بن عبدالله عام 1964م كان نقطة تحولٍ مهمةٍ في تاريخ المنطقة؛ لما تمخض عنه من تغيرات طالت مختلف النواحي والمجالات الدينية، والفكرية، والسياسية، والاجتماعية، والاقتصادية، والثقافية، والعلمية، ومنها إدخال أنظمة جديدة في منطقة شرق أفريقية خاصة، مجال إدارة الوقف في ظل سلطنة زنجبار؛ مما أسهم بشكل إيجابي في إحداث تغيرات كبيرة في المجال الاجتماعي والديني والاقتصادي بين مختلف الطوائف الدينية، ومختلف شرائح المجتمع الزنجباري آنذاك بحسبان أن أكثر من 95٪ من سكان زنجبار من المسلمين منذ القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي، ومن ذلك المنطلق مثلت ممتلكات الوقف أهمية قصوى للتنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لمنطقة شرق أفريقية عامة وزنجبار خاصة، لكن دخول سلطنة زنجبار ضمن هيمنة الحماية البريطانية أثر بشكل سلبي في نظام الوقف، وأدى إلى إحداث مشكلات تفاقمت وازدادت بشكل كبير حتى نهاية سلطنة زنجبار في عام 1964م.
Keywords: Waqf (fondations) -- Zanzibar

Black Lives Matter, a Princess from Zanzibar, Bismarck, and German Memorial Hygiene - Neumann, K. (German Politics and Society, 2022)
Following the surge of the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of George Floyd’s murder on 25 May 2020, memorials in remembrance of individuals implicated in colonialism or slavery have come under increasing attack. This article discusses and contextualizes challenges in 2020 to the memorialization of Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898) and Emily Ruete née Salama bint Said (1844–1924) in Hamburg, where the legacy of the German colonial past is particularly palpable. The article argues that proposed solutions—be it the demolition of the city’s main Bismarck monument, its restoration and the erection of a counter-memorial adjacent to it, or the un-naming of a street named after Ruete—potentially erase the complexities and contradictions of the lives of historical actors, are often informed by a desire to quarantine the past, and, just as often, fail to engage with its continuation in the present.
Keywords: Bint Said, Salama (1844-1924)

Ship Timbers from the Islamic Sites of al-Balid and Qalhat, Oman: Sewn-Plank Technology in the Indian Ocean during the 10–16th Centuries CE: Nautical Archaeology Society Monograph Ser. (NAS) 7, BAR International Series 3132, by Alessandro Ghidoni, Oxford, UK, BAR Publishing, 2023, 189pp., numerous illustrations, some colour, £58.00 (sbk), ISBN 9781407360577 - Zazzaro, Chiara (International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2024)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman; Recension

Tolerance as a Legitimation Strategy in Oman’s Political Discourse: From Religious to Foreign Policy Principle - Daga, Giulia (The International Spectator, 2024)
In the past few decades, the concept of tolerance has gained a central place in Oman’s political discourse and foreign policy. It is often attributed to the country’s national identity, which in turn is interpreted as deriving from Oman’s Ibadi tradition, the cosmopolitan character of its maritime history and its strategic geographic location. Despite greater attention being paid to the constructive nature of Oman’s identity, including its connection with Ibadism, however, a careful reflection on how the concept of tolerance developed from a religious to a foreign policy principle is still missing. A Discourse-Historical analysis of speeches directed towards a domestic and international audience highlights how the political discourse on tolerance, by reinforcing identity-engineering efforts, supported the Omani government’s legitimation and status-seeking purposes at home and abroad.
Keywords: Tolérance religieuse -- Oman

The Omani Mosques and the Mosque Unearthed by the Italian Archaeological Mission at Ẓafār/al-Balīd, in the Dhofar Region - Giunta, Roberta (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 2024)
Abstract The article provides a brief overview of the Omani mosques that the Italian archaeologist P.M. Costa classified into two groups in the 1970s based on their floor plans, architectural features, and decorative elements: those from the northern inland regions and those situated along the Indian Ocean coast. A new mosque recently brought to light by the Italian Archaeological Mission to al-Balīd of the University of Naples L’Orientale belongs to this second group.
Keywords: Architecture -- Oman; Archéologie -- Oman

كتابة تاريخ عمان القديم بواسطة برنامج ”الذكاء الاصطناعي - عربش, منير (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 2024)
Despite the success of artificial intelligence AI in the fields of computer science/calculations or in applied sciences in medicine and aeronotics, its application in the human sciences, particularly in the field of creation and historical research, has its limits. The article demonstrates that AI can in no way replace the work of historians and archaeologists to offer a reasoned history of an ancient civilization of a country, in this case the Sultanate of Oman.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

قراءات جديدة في تاريخ عمان قبل الاسلام - عربش, منير (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 2024)
While archaeological data on the history of Oman continues to multiply for the Bronze and Iron Ages, historical data are to date insufficient to know the eventful history of Oman for the period from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD. Historical inscriptions from ancient Yemen allow us to revise the partly mythical version transmitted by Arab and Omani tradition, particularly regarding the arrival of the Arabs in Oman.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

The stances of Sultan Qaboos on the First Gulf War (1980–1988) - Shuaili, Mohammad Al (Cogent Arts & Humanities, 2024)
The foreign policy of Oman, since Sultan Qaboos bin Said’s accession to the throne in 1970 until his death in 2020, has been characterized by vigorous activities and broad outreach during a period marked by significant global challenges and shifts across political, economic, and security dimensions. This was especially pronounced in the Arabian Gulf region, which endured a destructive conflict that jeopardized its security and economic stability, resulting in substantial costs. This conflict, the Iran-Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War (1980–1988), posed a considerable threat. This study examines Sultan Qaboos bin Said’s position on this war and Oman’s foreign policy approach to managing its implications.
Keywords: Politique étrangère -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Literature-based Survey of Medicinal Plants Since 1900: A Case Study to Treat Cancer in the Sultanate of Oman - Khan, Asif; Khan, Ajmal; Murad, Waheed; Halim, Sobia Ahsan; Jan, Hammad Ahmad; Broumi, Mohammed al-; Harrasi, Ahmed al- (Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2024)
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Due to the high prevalence of cancer, researchers for the past decades have made considerable efforts for its management and treatment. Medicinal plants have always been exploited to discover novel anticancer agents. Oman's huge biodiversity has created a rich source of traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE: The current survey has aimed to document the traditionally used medicinal plants of Oman and their therapeutic role in the treatment of cancer. MATERIAL METHOD: This study comprises of literature-based survey through different databases, including Google, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer Link, BioMed Central and PubMed. RESULTS: The current review revealed a total of 57 plant species that belong to 35 families that are used in the treatment of cancer in Oman. Most documented plants belong to Solanaceae (6 sp.), Apocyanaceae (5 sp.) and Lamiaceae (4 sp.). The literature reveals that the residents of the area mostly use leaves (38.5%) and prepare their recipes in the form of decoction (40.3%). Moreover, herbs are the most dominant life form (43.85%). Among all forms of cancer in Oman, breast (47%), wound (26), and lung cancer (0.5%) were found dominantly. A literature study confirmed that the medicinal plants used for cancer in Oman are rich in phytochemicals such as quercetin, allicin, coumarin, alliin, kaempferol, solamargine, rutin, lupeol, ursolic acid and luteolin that have shown significant biological activities including anti-cancer potential. It reflects the efficacy of these plants to be used as a medicine in clinical trials. Among all, Boswellia sacra Flueck. is of key importance due to the presence Boswellic acid being used for the treatment of different types of cancer. CONCLUSION: The residents of Oman have great knowledge about the traditional use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases like cancer. The therapeutic potential and physiological efficacy of Omani medicinal plants should be further explored at a molecular level via in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Keywords: Botanique -- Oman

Brief: Oman Suffers First Islamic State Attack in Muscat - Zenn, Jacob (Terrorism Monitor, 2024)
Executive Summary: On July 16, three Islamic State-associated gunmen killed six worshippers at a Shia mosque in Muscat. This was the first al-Qaeda or Islamic State attack in Oman, despite its proximity to Islamist hubs and relatively friendly relationship with Israel. The three attackers were brothers, suggesting radicalization within the family rather than a broader, societal-level issue in Oman. For …
Keywords: Attentats -- Oman -- 2024

الوساطة العمانية بين ايران و الولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1979-2000 - سعود, ابتسام (مجلة جامعة سومر للعلوم الانسانية, 2024)
بسبب دبلوماسيتها الناعمة و المحايدة، تم الاعتراف بعمان كوسيط رئيسي في الخليج والشرق الأوسط على نطاق أوسع، وعلى وجه الخصوص دورها في تقريب وجهات النظر بين ايران و الولايات المتحدة الامريكية، مما عزز سمعتها بقوة كصانع للسلام. لفهم ممارسات الوساطة العمانية في المنطقة بشكل كامل، يجب وضع وساطتها في سياق السياسة الخارجية الأوسع للسلطنة، ويجب تجميع جميع الوساطات المعروفة في مكان واحد من أجل تطوير تصنيف لفهم الأشكال والأنماط بشكل أفضل. وفي نهاية المطاف، فإن الوساطة تخدم وتمكن من خلال السياسة الخارجية للسلطنة. ولم تكن هذه نتيجة حتمية. على مدار عهد قابوس، تطورت عمان لتصبح "دولة محاورة"، حيث أصبحت ممارسة الوساطة أداة مهمة في تعزيز الأهداف المركزية المتمثلة في الحفاظ على سياسة عمان الخارجية المستقلة، وبالتالي في نهاية المطاف سيادة السلطنة وتقوية وأمنها .
Keywords: Politique étrangère -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Analysis of Tense System in Jibbali (Shehri) Language - Alkathiri, Amir Azad Adli; Mudhsh, Badri Abdulhakim (Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 2024)
Keywords: Linguistique -- Oman

The Early Ivory Trade and Southern Africa - Whitelaw, Gavin (The Digging Stick, 2024)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Afrique de l'Est

موقف المملكة العربية السعودية من الحركة المسلحة في ظفار 1964-1975 - عطية, محمد جسام محمد; محمد, زهير قاسم (الملوية للدراسات الآثارية والتاريخية, 2024)
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Arabie Saoudite

"الفرقد" سليمان بوجناح (1905-1988) ونضاله الوطني - ناصر, بالحاج بن باحمد (مجلة الواحات للبحوث والدراسات, 2021)
Keywords: Biographies -- Mzab -- 20e siècle; Communisme -- Mzab

القوانين والنظم العرفية المكتوبة لدى مجتمع وادي مزاب - ناصر, بالحاج بن باحمد (Asinag | ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ | أسيناك, 2021)
يعتبر ما كتبه أهل منطقة مزاب في صحراء الجزائر من قوانين عرفيّة مصدرا فائق الأهميّة، ذلك أنّه يشكّل من وجهة نظر تاريخيّة أهمّ مصدر يؤرّخ بشكل وثيق للحياة الاجتماعيّة والاقتصاديّة والسياسيّة، كما تكشف هذه النصوص عن المستوى الثقافي لـ“النخبة” في المنطقة طوال القرون من الخامس عشر إلى التاسع عشر الميلاديّين.لكن تبقى العديد من التساؤلات بحاجة إلى توضيح حول حرص المزابيين على كتابة قانونهم العرفي من جهة، ووجود “سيرة” (عادة) الحفاظ على الكثير من العادات -أو السيرات بالمصطلح المعروف محليا- بعدم كتابتها لأغراض مختلفة. بصيغة أخرى: هل كتب المزابيّون كلّ أعرافهم؟ متى كانوا يكتبون؟ ولماذا؟ ماذا لم يكتبوا؟ ولماذا؟ وغيرها من الأسئلة التي سنحاول الإجابة عنها في هذا المقال.
Keywords: Droit coutumier -- Mzab

Inter-textual Unity in Quranic Hermeneutics: Naẓm/Munāsaba, al-Ǧišumī’s Philological Theory and Its Influence on Qurʾanic Exegesis - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Studi Magrebini, 2024)
The recent publication of a new edition of the Qurʾanic exegesis al-Tahḏīb fī ʾl-Tafsīr by al-Ḥākim al-Ǧišumī (d. 494/1101) highlights the topic of naẓm (coherence/consistency/order/ correspondence) as a subject essential to understanding the concept of iʿǧāz al-Qurʾān, the uniqueness of the Qurʾanic text, which is central to conceiving its early exegesis. The present article investigates al-Ǧišumī’s theory of naẓm in the Qur’ ān, while attempting to distinguish his theory from that of his contemporary al-Ǧurǧānī (d. 471/1074). In this article, we compile evidence of al-Ǧišumī’s novel philological theory and offer a broader historical evaluation of the concept of naẓm among Qurʾanic exegetes. Finally, this article examines for the first time how to take account of al-Ǧišumī’s methodology in our understanding of the conceptual structure of the Qurʾanic corpus. While the main focus of this article is on al-Ǧišumī’s approach to the theory of naẓm, it also considers the theory in a wider context. Moreover, although it touches on al-Ǧurǧānī’s views on naẓm, it does not discuss him in any detail, particularly since his ideas have already been examined extensively in numerous other books and academic papers.
Keywords: Coran -- Commentaires

الضمانات الدستورية لاستقلال السلطة التشريعية في سلطنة عمان - الشوابكة, محمد عبد االله (مجلة المستقبل للدراسات القانونیة و السیاسیة, 2024)
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Sultanat d'Oman: le succès d'une diplomatie discrète - Laceb, Ferhat (قضايا تاريخية, 2024)
Keywords: Politique étrangère -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Nefusi as a result of intra-Berber contact - Souag, Lameen (Études et Documents Berbères, 2023)
Keywords: Linguistique -- Djebel Nefousa

Une source ibāḍite à phrases berbères : le siyar de Bughṭūrī (écrit en 599/1202-3). I. – Étude externe - Ould-Braham, Ouahmi (Études et Documents Berbères, 2023)
L’ouvrage de Bughṭūrī, écrit en 599/1202-3 et qu’on a longtemps cru perdu, est une source historique ibāḍite intéressante qui contient de nombreux passages en vieux berbère. Puis quelques manuscrits ont pu être retrouvés, ce qui qui a permis la réalisation de deux éditions de l’ouvrage en 2009 et 2017. La dernière plus complète et faite par les soins ʿUmar b. Luqmān Bū ʿAṣbāna, nous donne l’occasion, dans cette première partie de l’étude, de présenter l’auteur, Maqrīn b. Muḥammad al-Bughṭūrī, et son œuvre ainsi que le sort des différents manuscrits, y compris ceux qui ont servi à l’édition de l’ouvrage. Cela va entraîner forcément un questionnement pertinent sur la suite de la recherche, à savoir le contenu de l’œuvre. En tout état de cause, la question complexe de la transmission des traditions historiques dont l’ouvrage est un des vecteurs ainsi que les phrases berbères qui suscitent de l’intérêt, feront l’objet d’une deuxième partie qui est prévue de paraître prochainement.
Keywords: Prosopographie -- Djebel Nefousa

المقاومة العربية ضد البرتغاليين في الخليج العربي خلال القرن السادس عشر - عبد العيساوي, مصلح محمد (اكليل للدراسات الانسانية, 2024)
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Portugal

اراء الفرق الكلامية في وقوع عذاب القبر - برجس, عمر فوزي (مجلة الفارابي للعلوم الانسانية, 2024)
عذاب القبر هو من المسائل الدينية التي تتعلق بالعقيدة الإسلامية ، والأيمان بالغيبيات بالوجه الخصوص مما أدى ذلك إلى اختلاف الفرق الكلامية ومضمونه أنه بعد خروج الروح من الجسد في القبر يتعرضون إلى عذاب القبرنتيجة الذنوب التي ارتكبوا في حياة الدنيا قبل يوم القيامة فأهل الاعتزال قالوا بوجود ذاب القبر مثلما قال اهل السنة والجماعة، لكنهم اختلفوا في التفاصيل هل أن عذاب القبر للمؤمنين جميعاً ام للكفار فقط الإباضية يعتقدون أن عذاب القبر هو مسألة تأديب الروح لما فعلت من ذنوب في الحياة الدنياالكلمات المفتاحية : عذاب القبرالمعتزلة الإباضية
Keywords: Punition -- aspect religieux

A series of Islamic State attacks is unlikely in Oman (Emerald Expert Briefings, 2024)
Headline OMAN: A series of Islamic State attacks is unlikely
Keywords: Attentats -- Oman -- 2024

Oman attack could threaten tourist revenues (Emerald Expert Briefings, 2024)
Headline OMAN: Attack could threaten tourist revenues
Keywords: Attentats -- Oman -- 2024

المصنفات اللغوية في مكتبات وخزائن مزاب خلال الفترة العثمانية خزانتي دار تالميذ - إروان -تغرديت وتجنينت نموذجا - حاج ابراهيم, امحمد (مجلة اللغة العربية, 2023)
Keywords: Bibliothèques -- Mzab

آلية إعداد المخطط الدائم لحفظ واستصالح القطاعات الحمفوظة بين النص والواقع : القطاع الحمفوظ سهل واد مزاب أمنوذجا - جودي, محمد; بلقاسم, دمحاين (مجلة القانون والعلوم البينية, 2023)
Keywords: Monuments -- conservation -- Mzab

حجية الاستحسان، وثبوته بين الشافعية والإباضية - خبر, السيد أحمد عبد العزيز أحمد (مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية والبحوث الأکاديمية, 2024)
Keywords: Religions comparées -- Ibadisme -- Chaféisme

تنظيم تشريعات الوقف في عمان بين الماضي والحاضر (قبل وبعد إنشاء وزارة الأوقاف) - Sha'aibi, Hassan Ali Saif Obaid Al; Rahman, Noor Naemah Abdul; Abdullah, Luqman (al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 2024)
This research examines the reality of endowments (Waqf) in the Sultanate of Oman by exploring the history of endowments and their types in Oman. It also investigates the mechanisms and methods followed in their administration, development, investment of funds, and the various aspects of their expenditures. The study assesses the contribution of endowments to the economic and social development of the country and identifies the obstacles hindering the development and advancement of the endowment sector in Oman. Additionally, it proposes insights and ideas aimed at overcoming these obstacles and enhancing the development of the endowment sector in Oman from various perspectives. The study adopts a descriptive analytical comparative methodology. The descriptive methodology involves reviewing legislation related to the endowment sector, particularly focusing on the administrative and informational aspects in the Sultanate of Oman. The analytical methodology is also incorporated to provide a comprehensive analysis of the data. The study concludes that endowments have had a significant and active presence in Omani society, serving as a crucial source of funding for various fields and services undertaken by the state. ملخصيستعرض هذ البحث واقع الوقف في السلطنة من خلال التعرف على تاريخ الأوقاف وأنواعها في سلطنة عمان ، والآليات والطرق المتبعة في إدارتها وتنميتها واستثمار أموالها وأوجه صرفها ، ومدى مساهمتها في دعم التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية بالبلاد ، وما هي المعوقات التي تعيق تنمية وتطوير قطاع الأوقاف في سلطنة عمان ،وطرح ما يمكن من رؤى وأفكار من شأنها تذليل العقبات التي تواجه تطوير قطاع الأوقاف في السلطنة والنهوض به من مختلف جوانبه إلى المستوى الذي يمكنه من القيام بدور تنموي أكثر فعالية . اعتمدت هذه  الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المقارن، يتمثل المنهج الوصفي في استعراض التشريعات للقطاع الوقفي وما يخص الجانب الإداري والإعلامي في سلطنة عمان ودراسته، مستصحبين في ذلك المنهج التحليلي،وخلصت الدراسة إلى أنه كان للوقف حضوره الفاعل والمهم في المجتمع العماني، بل كان مصدراً من مصادر تمويل العديد من المجالات والخدمات التي كانت تضطلع بها الدولة.
Keywords: Waqf (fondations) -- Oman

العلاقات السياسية بين الدولة السعودية الأولى وعُمان 1210- 1233هـ / 1795- 1818م - العرف, احمد بن عبدالله بن يحي (حوليات آداب عين شمس, 2024)
تعتبر علاقات الدولة السعودية الأولى وعُمان (1210-1233هـ/1795-1818م) من أهم العلاقات الإقليمية التي ألقت بظلالها على الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية والدينية في منطقة الخليج العربي، وكانت لها أبعاد جيوسياسية وديموغرافية على العلاقات الخارجية للدولة السعودية، إذ جاءت علاقات الدولة السعودية الأولى مع القبائل العمانية؛ تعبيراً عن وضع إقليمي جديد تقوده وترعاه الدولة السعودية، فقد كانت عُمان بمثابة تفعيل وتعزيز لدورها الرائد؛ وكان لأئمة الدولة السعودية وأمراها تواجداً سياسياً ودينياً فوق الأراضي العمانية، مما دعم الوضع الإقليمي الجديد لمنطقة الخليج العربي.وأفصحت علاقة الدولة السعودية بعمان عن مدى التوتر الداخلي الحادث بــعمان، فهناك مَنْ يؤيد الدولة السعودية، مطالباً إياها بالدخول إلى بلادهم؛ ومرحبون بالدعوة السلفية السعودية، ومتعهدون بدفع الزكاة إليها. وهناك مَنْ ناهض التواجد السعودي وحاول الاستنجاد بالإمبراطورية البريطانية؛ لعرقلة تدخل الدولة السعودية في الأراضي العُمانية، وأوضح أنها ما هي إلا خطوة للاستيلاء على الخليج بأكمله، ولكن الجانب البريطاني، لم يقف مع هذا الجانب، حيث كان يروق له ظهور كيانا سياسيا يستطيع التعامل معه؛ عوضا عن القبائل المتناثرة المتنافرة؛ ولعل هذه أبرز التغييرات الجوهرية التي أماطت عنها العلاقات السعودية ـــ العُمانية، التي أحدث تغيرات جذرية في كافة الأوضاع الإقليمية على كافة المناحى والأصعدة.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Arabie Saoudite

دور جوليان ووكر في ترسيم الحدود السياسية لإمارات الساحل المتصالح خلال الفترة (1954-196م) - النقبي, حليمة علي النقبي; شترة, خير الدين; البدواوي, سيف (وقائع تاريخية, 2024)
ظلت منطقة الخليج العربي بشكل عام وإمارات الساحل المتصالح (الإمارات العربية المتحدة حاليا) بشكل خاص بلا ترسيم حدود حتى عهد قريب، ففي منتصف القرن المنصرم أصبح من الضروري تخطيط الحدود بين إمارات الساحل المتصالح فيما بينها، وبين الإمارات مع جيرانها لاسيما مع سلطنة عُمان، وجدير بالذكر أن السبب الرئيس لدعوى ترسيم الحدود إنما يعود لاكتشاف النفط في أماكن متعددة بالمنطقة، لذا كان على دول المنطقة أن تسعى لضبط حدودها ودياً وديبلوماسيا من دون نزاعات مسلحة.ولتحقيق هذه الغاية قررت وزارة الخارجية البريطانية إرسال أحد دبلوماسييها المخضرمين للقيام بتلك المهمة الشاقة في منطقة قبلية لم تكن تعرف ما يسمى بالحدود من قبل، والمقصود هنا هو الديبلوماسي "جوليان ووكر" الذي قضى أزيد من خمس سنوات بالمنطقة وهو يتحرك بهدف ترسيم الحدود بشكل ديبلوماسي، إلا أنه في النهاية لم يُوفق في فض النزاعات وتحجيم بؤر الخلافات الحدودية التي كانت ناشبة بين دول المنطقة، لكن يمكن تسجيل أدوار أخرى لجوليان ووكر بعد إعلان قيام دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة عام 1971م، والذي استعانت به قيادة الدولة الجديدة في معالجة بعض القضايا المتعلقة بالحدود.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Emirats Arabes Unis

الأهمية الاقتصادية لمدينة سناو العمانية خلال القرون الثلاثة الأولى من الهجرة - البراشدي, موسى بن سالم (حولية کلية الآداب, 2024)
قدمت مدينة سناو دوراً اقتصادياً رائداً منذ أقدم العصور، ولاسيما في مجال التجارة؛ إذ توافرت لها عوامل عديدة جعلت منها ملتقى الركبان من تجار ومسافرين، الأمر الذي انعكس على انتعاش تجارتها من ناحية، وانفتاح أهلها على محيطهم من ناحية أخرى، ولذا شهدت حركة ديناميكية في ديموغرافيتها، واقتصادياتها، وقد اتضح ذلك في العناصر السكانية التي استوطنتها والقرى التي نمت على أطرافها مستفيدة من الموارد المائية التي توفرت لسكانها، وكذلك اتضح في استمرارية دورها حتى الوقت الحالي، وهذا ما دفع الباحث إلى الكتابة عن الدور التجاري لهذه المدينة تحت عنوان "الأهمية الاقتصادية لمدينة سناو العمانية خلال القرون الثلاثة الأولى من الهجرة" آملاً أن تكون هذه الدراسة مقدمةً لدراسات أخرى تتعلق بالجوانب الاقتصادية عن هذه البلدة الواعدة. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن العوامل التي هيأت لمدينة سناو القيام بدورها الاقتصادي خلال الحقب التاريخية المختلفة، وكذلك تسليط الضوء على المكتشفات الأثرية ذات البعد الاقتصادي، إضافةً إلى إبراز معالم السوق القديم وتطورات الموقع حتى بدايات النهضة المباركة. وتنقسم الدراسة إلى ثلاثة مباحث؛ يتناول المبحث الأول العوامل المؤثرة على الدور الاقتصادي لمدينة سناو، فيما يُركِّز المبحث الثاني على المكتشفات الأثرية في سناو ذات العلاقة بالأبعاد الاقتصادية، أما المبحث الثالث فيتتبع تطورات موقع السوق القديم في سناو. اتبع الباحث المنهج التاريخي المبني على التحليل والاستنتاج من خلال دراسة المكتشفات الأثرية والنصوص التاريخية والأدبية وكذلك النصوص الواردة في المصادر الفقهية.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

قراءة ونقد في قيم ومواقف المرأة الإباضية في عيون الشيخ محمد علي دَبُّوزْ من خلال مؤلفه تاريخ المغرب الكبير = Reading and Critique of The value system and Positions of the Ibadi Women in the eyes of Sheikh Muhammed Ali Dabouz as depicted in his book History of Greater Maghreb - بوعروة, بكير بن عيسى (مجلة العبر للدراسات التاريخية و الاثرية في شمال افريقيا, 2024)
الملخص باللغة العربية: الشيخ محمد علي الدَّبُّوزْ كاتب مؤرخ وأديب جزائري مميز، معاصر للاستعمار الفرنسي، له عدة مؤلفات مطبوعة، ومنها كتابه الشهير بتاريخ المغرب الكبير في ثلاثة أجزاء، ويتناول في جزئه الثاني تاريخ الدولة الرُّستميّة بشكل من التوسع، وهو كتاب هام إذ يتسم أسلوبه بمظهر أدبي واضح ونثر مميز وبديع، إضافة للمعارف التاريخية الغزيرة. من المعلوم أن المؤرخين لم يهتموا بالتاريخ الحضاري مثل اهتمامهم بالتاريخ السياسي، إلا أن الشيخ الدَّبُّوزْ تناول التاريخ الحضاري بشكل ظاهر من الإسهاب، وومما تميز به أنه كتب بشكل مطول عن المرأة الإباضية ودورها في قيام الدولة الرُّستميّة بأسلوب أدبي متين ، وقد بدأ سرد تاريخه منطلقا من أرض المشرق وصولا إلى أرض المغرب الإسلامي، وهو أحيانا يغرق في بعض التفاصيل الدقيقة، ويبدو مركزا بشكل واضح على القيم الثورية والحماس الوقاد والاغتراف من المعارف والعلوم؛ من أجل قيام الدولة المنشودة ذات الجذور الرصينة المبنية على الخلافة الراشدة كما يعتقد، وهو في شق آخر يتناول الجانب الإثني ودوره في الثورة، إذ الثورة من سمات البربر منذ الأزل كما يقول ويؤكد عليه، وحتى لا يفهم كلامه خطأ فإنه يشير بوضوح إلى بغضه للتعصب والخلاف، وإلى ذلك فهو يبغض بشكل واضح مظاهر النساء التي رآهن زمن المستعمر الفرنسي، إذ يقارن بين الضدين، ويؤسس ويدعو لمنظومة القيم ومن ضمنها قيم الدولة الرُّستميّة أنموذجا قيما. يعتبر الشيخ الدَّبُّوزْ ناقلا لمعارفه من المصادر الإباضية التي يشير لها بوضوح، وقد نقل عن مصادر ومراجع أخرى أشار لها في النص، إلا أنه تفرد أنه مرجع قيم عام جامع مانع لمختلف أخبار وسير وتاريخ النسوة الإباضيات بشكل موسع، وبالتأكيد هناك دراسات قيمة مذكورة في البحث، إلا أنها مختصرة ومركزة مقارنة بما كتبه الشيخ الدَّبُّوزْ الأديب المؤرخ الأريب. Abstract: Sheikh Muhammad Ali Dabouz is a distinguished writer, historian and writer, contemporary with the French colonialism. He has several published books, including his famous book, The History of the Great Maghreb in three parts. In its second part, it deals with the history of the Rustamid state. abundant historical. It is well known that historians did not care about cultural history as much as they care about political history, but Sheikh Dabouz dealt with cultural history in a way that appears, but rather he wrote in his solid and lengthy style about Ibadi women and their role in the establishment of the Rustamid state, starting from the land of the East to the land of Morocco, which is drowning in Some subtle details, and we see it clearly focused on revolutionary values enthusiasm and transfer of knowledge and science; For the sake of the establishment of a state with solid roots based on the rightly guided caliphate, and in another part that deals with the ethnic aspect and its role in the revolution, as the revolution is one of the characteristics of the Berbers since time immemorial, as he says and affirms it, and in order not to misunderstand his words, he clearly indicates his hatred of intolerance and disagreement, and to that he He clearly hates the appearances of women that he saw during the time of the French colonizer, as he compares the two opposites, and establishes and calls for a system of values, including the values of the Rustamid state as a valuable model. Sheikh Dabouz is considered a transmitter of his knowledge from the Ibadi sources that he refers to clearly, and he quoted other sources and references that he referred to in the text, as he did not depend on the marginalization that is currently in force, but he is unique as a comprehensive general values reference that prevents the various news of Ibadi women extensively, and certainly There are valuable studies mentioned in the research, but they are brief and focused compared to what Sheikh Dabouz wrote.
Keywords: Dynastie rustumide

المدينة الإسلامية في وادي مزاب - زعابة, عمر بن محمد; دودو, مصطفي (دراسات تراثية, 2022)
تتميّز المدن العتيقة في وادي مزاب بنمطها العمراني والمعماري الإسلامي المتميز من حيث وحدتها المتجانسة وتخطيطها المحكم، فكل مدينة قد بنيت على أعلى قمة الجبل لغرض دفاعي محض، يتوسطها المسجد الذي تعلوه مئذنة هرمية الشكل وتلتف حوله منازل تتخللها أزقة ضيقة وملتوية مشكلة بذلك حلقات دائرية حول المسجد، وفي سفح المدينة ساحة السوق للتعاملات التجارية، وكل مدينة محاطة بسور دفاعي تتخللها أبراج للمراقبة تمّ تصميمها وتخطيطها بهذا الوضع للحصانة الدفاعية وأن تكون في مأمن من سيلان الوادي وأن تحافظ على الأراضي الزراعية القليلة، وإنّ القيم الدّينية والفكرية، والطبيعة المناخية والجغرافية التي تتميّز بها منطقة سهل وادي مزاب لها تأثير كبير في تشكّل النسيج العمراني للمنطقة وفي التّصاميم المعماريّة المكوّنة له. العمارة بوادي مزاب تتميّز بعدة خصائص، المتانة والجمال والوظيفية والبساطة والاقتصاد في الوسائل، فليست هناك مدنا مشيّدة بل هناك نظم وأعراف تتّبع وتطبّق، قائمة على التّدرّج في تقسيم المجالات حسب أصنافها وعلى حسب الهيكلة الاجتماعية المتشبّعة بالفكر الإباضي الذي يعتمد أساسا على مبادئ وقيم الدين الإسلامي الحنيف. The ancient cities of valley M’zab are characterized by their distinctive Islamic urban and architectural style in terms of their homogeneous unity and tight planning., Every city has been built on top of the mountain for a purely defensive purpose, The mosque, which is surmounted by a pyramidal minaret, is surrounded by houses with narrow and twisted alleys, creating circular circles around the mosque, And at the foot of the city is the market square for business transactions, Each city is surrounded by a defensive fence interspersed with observation towers designed and planned in this situation for defensive immunity, safe from the flow of the valley and maintaining few agricultural land, Religious and intellectual values, The climatic and geographical nature of the valley M’zab plain area has a significant impact on the composition of the urban fabric of the area and in its architectural designs. Architecture in the M’zab Valley has several characteristics, Durability, beauty, functionality, simplicity and economy in means, There are no cities built, but there are systems and customs that follow and apply, Based on the gradual division of areas by their types and on the social structure saturated with ibadite thought, which is based mainly on the principles and values of the Islamic religion.
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Mzab

Tisser dans le désert : interactions et adaptations autour d’un ouvroir missionnaire au Mzab (1892-1950) - Joyeux, Mélina (L’Année du Maghreb, 2024)
À travers une étude de cas centrée sur le poste de Ghardaïa, chef-lieu du Mzab, cet article étudie les recompositions de la mission d’une congrégation catholique féminine, les Sœurs missionnaires de Notre-Dame d’Afrique – plus connues sous le nom de Sœurs blanches –, au cours de six décennies au contact du terrain. Les réactions suscitées par l’action missionnaire dans les différentes composantes de la population locale imposent des adaptations successives et un investissement dans la durée face aux maigres résultats obtenus. Il en découle une chronologie différenciée par rapport à d’autres régions comme la Kabylie et un surinvestissement des activités artisanales autour de l’ouvroir, point d’entrée pour nouer progressivement des interactions. À la fois centre de formation technique et de production artisanale, cette œuvre particulière permet aux religieuses de travailler auprès des filles et des femmes, cibles principales de la mission. L’ouvroir apparaît ainsi comme un « monde du contact », dans lequel religieuses et femmes du Mzab s’engagent inégalement et avec des objectifs différents, redéfinis tout au long de la relation. Cette action missionnaire est analysée à travers les archives centrales de la congrégation (diaires et chroniques, rapports annuels, correspondance, photographies), largement inédites, et celles des missionnaires d’Afrique ou Pères blancs, l’ordre masculin auquel elle est liée. Croisées avec des archives de l’administration coloniale et la littérature ethnographique, les sources missionnaires conduisent à interroger la façon dont les sœurs perçoivent et interprètent ces interactions, tout en cherchant à déceler des indices du rapport des populations locales à la mission. Dans une première partie, la mission est replacée dans son environnement social, politique et religieux, des raisons qui poussent les pères missionnaires et les autorités coloniales à faire appel aux Sœurs blanches jusqu’au profil des religieuses qui s’installent dans une société coloniale particulière sans avoir reçu de formation spécifique. Malgré le soutien des autorités coloniales, leur première approche des populations locales est marquée par la méconnaissance et la confrontation. L’action missionnaire se concentre alors sur les groupes minoritaires, ce qui rend rapidement caduque la stratégie apostolique initiale. Au tournant du xxe siècle, la mission est réorganisée pour placer l’ouvroir au cœur des œuvres. Le propos se concentre alors sur le rôle du tissage dans la stratégie missionnaire et sur la façon dont les religieuses érigent l’ouvroir en un véritable centre d’artisanat colonial. Les sœurs investissent ainsi une activité féminine quotidienne pour la fondre dans des cadres nouveaux, en lien avec le développement d’une économie impériale et les politiques coloniales de promotion des « arts indigènes ». Elles s’approprient des savoir-faire vernaculaires et réorientent les productions vers le marché touristique. S’adressant d’abord aux plus pauvres, l’ouvroir revêt aussi une dimension sociale, à travers l’enjeu de la rémunération féminine. L’article souligne alors toutes les ambiguïtés d’une œuvre d’assistance par le travail, confrontée à d’incessants arbitrages entre ses différentes finalités et ses divers publics. La dernière partie s’attarde justement sur les limites de ces stratégies d’adaptation et sur les écueils de l’action missionnaire. De l’échec à constituer une communauté chrétienne aux multiples impasses rencontrées pour atteindre les femmes ibadites ou pour développer l’instruction scolaire, les sœurs n’ont de cesse de réinventer leurs œuvres pour tenter de les pérenniser. Abordant la société du Mzab par ses marges, elles participent à la perturbation et à la recomposition des relations entre les différentes communautés, bouleversées par la rupture des équilibres politiques, économiques et sociaux induite par la colonisation. Si elles ne parviennent pas aux résultats escomptés, elles acquièrent progressivement une certaine familiarité avec les filles et les femmes du Mzab. Ces tâtonnements révèlent en outre des formes de résistance à la mission et mettent en lumière les capacités d’action des Mozabites face à la domination coloniale.
Keywords: Missionnaires -- Mzab

La langue Amazighe dans les écrits Ibadites - Messouaf, Youcef; Lamri, Wahid (مجلة اللغة الوظيفية, 2024)
La langue Amazighe était depuis des siècles une langue orale, elle vivait avec un statut inférieur par rapport aux autres langues écrites (Latine, Punique, Arabe), son utilisation était toujours par la voie de l’oralité. La formation des Etats en Afrique du Nord après l’apparition de l’islam était pour cette langue un nouveau souffle, et un moyen de redynamiser l’usage. Les Ibadites-Berbères faisaient recours à la langue Berbère pour diffuser le message religieux dans un milieu Berbère. La transcription de la langue Berbère durant cette période était un appui, puisque les savants religieux Ibadites utilisaient largement et quotidiennement ce moyen (les manuscrits en Berbère) pour faciliter la tâche aux prédicateurs qui voulaient infiltrer tous les espaces Berbères afin de généraliser cette nouvelle doctrine Ibadite.
Keywords: Linguistique

دور مؤسسات التعليم الحر بوادي مزاب في إثراء رصيد اللغة العربية لدى التلاميذ والطلبة - الشيخ صالح, خالد; حمودين, بكير (مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية, 2024)
ملخص: تهدف الدراسة إلى إبراز الثراء في رصيد اللغة العربية لدى التلاميذ والطلبة المنتمين إلى مؤسسات التعليم الحر بوادي مزاب الذي يعتبر من النماذج التي ساهمت بالجزائر في ثراء اللغة العربية من جانب الإنتاج أو التلقي وذلك منذ قرون من الزمن ولا تزال. وستعرض الدراسة ظروف نشأة هذا التعليم وأشكاله ومختلف تطوراته إلى تاريخ اليوم الذي لايزال يؤدي فيه دوره في ترسيخ الهوية الإسلامية الجزائرية. كما ستقّدم الدراسة مختلف المرتكزات التي ساهمت في هذا الثراء بأرقام ونماذج واقعية استقرائية، ومظاهر ذلك في النتائج والمُخرجات. Abstract: The study aims to highlight the richness of the Arabic language among pupils and students belonging to free education institutions in the Mzab Valley, which is considered one of the models that have contributed in Algeria to the richness of the Arabic language in terms of production or reception, for centuries and still is. The study will present the circumstances of the emergence of this education, its forms, and its various developments up to the present day, in which it still plays its role in consolidating the Algerian Islamic identity. The study will also present the various foundations that contributed to this richness with realistic numbers and inductive models, and the manifestations of this in the results and outputs.
Keywords: Enseignement -- Mzab

الأستاذ الدكتور محمد جرناز (1948-2024): رائد من رواد المكتبات والمعلومات فى ليبيا والعالم العربى - عبد الهادي, محمد فتحي (المجلة العربية الدولية لتکنولوجيا المعلومات والبيانات, 2024)
العربىساهم الأستاذ الدكتور محمد جرناز، الذى يعد من أبرز رواد المكتبات والمعلومات فى ليبيا والعالم العربى (1948-2024)، بجد وباخلاص فى مسيرة المكتبات والمعلومات العربية أستاذا وباحثا وكاتبا وإداريا. وتسعى هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم عرض موجز لمسيرته التعليمية والوظيفية والمهنية، فضلا عن تحليل لأبرز سمات نتاجه الفكرى الذى بلغ 45 مفردة كُتبت كلها باللغة العربية ونُشرت فى الفترة من 1978 حتى 2023 فى سبع دول عربية أبرزه بلده ليبيا. ويضم هذا النتاج الفكرى مقالات المجلات بنسبة 55.56% ودراسات المؤتمرات بنسبة 22.22% والكتب بنسبة 17.78% ثم الأجزاء من كتب والرسائل الجامعية بنسبة 2.22 % لكل منهما. ورغم تنوع الموضوعات التى كتب فيها د. محمد جرناز إلا أن اهتمامه انصب على موضوع القوى العاملة: تخطيطا و تأهيلا ، وأيضا العمليات الفنية التى تتضمن بناء المجموعات والفهرسة والتصنيف، كما أنه فضلا عن هذا قدم سيرا للأمازيغ الليبيين وعلماء ومشايخ جبل نفوسة بليبيا.
Keywords: Biographies

Patrimoine culturel libyen de l’oralité. Quelques aspects des productions esthétiques aux XIXe et XXe siècles - Di Tolla, Anna Maria (Études et Documents Berbères, 2022)
Le but de cette contribution est de mettre ensemble et valoriser le patrimoine dispersé d’un aspect de la culture immatérielle qui concerne les textes oraux et les contes populaires recueillis sur le terrain et transcrits par les Italiens pendant la colonisation en Libye. Les textes collectés et transcrits concernent la vie quotidienne ou des contes qui représentent les parlers du Djebel Nefoussa. La mise en contact d’un pluralisme linguistique et culturel crée une diversité de processus d’appropriation et de reconfiguration. Le conte apparaît comme un lieu privilégié de dynamiques interculturelles, soulignant soit leur proximité à travers des motifs et des symboles, soit leur diversité patente. Cette étude tente d’analyser, à travers ces textes, comment interprètent les questions d’identité, de rencontre culturelle dans la Libye contemporaine, en situant cette production orale dans le contexte plus large dans laquelle s’enchevêtrent les dimensions locale, nationale et universelle.
Keywords: Littérature -- Djebel Nefousa

أغاني الأطفال الشعبية المرتبطة بالألعاب الشعبية للبنات في سلطنة عُمان - بيت مبروك, أمير بن عوض بن بشير; العفيفي, ماجدة; بدر, شيرين عبد اللطيف (مجلة علوم وفنون الموسيقى, 2024)
تميزت الألعاب التي تمارسها الفتيات، باتخاذها طابعاً أقل عنفاً وإجهاداً، وتتناسب مع طبيعة الفتاة الأنثوية والجسدية، وتتوافق مع فطرتها التي فطرها الله عليها، وذلك لميل الصغيرات إلى المشاركة في ألعاب جماعية مسلية، ومسالمة، خالية من المخاطر والعنف، والصياح، وتتسم باللطف، والرقة في اللعب والأداء، بحيث لا تميل الفتيات منذ الطفولة إلى الألعاب الخشنة، التي تتطلب مجهوداً عضلياً وبدنياً كبيرين. وتعيش الفتيات مع ألعابهن، فسحات من المتعة، والسعادة، ولحظات من الأنس، والتسلية والترويح عن النفس، يملأن بها أوقات فراغهن، بهمة ونشاط بعيداً عن الفتيان، فالحياء يمنعهن من عدم مخالطة الذكور، فقد جرت العادة، أنه لا يسمح الأهل للبنات بمخالطة الذكور عند سن معين، حيث تخصع الفتيات لمراقبة الأهل، والإشراف عليهن عن قُرب، في المنزل، أو بالقُرب منه، وذلك لعوامل دينية، واجتماعية تخصع للعادات والتقاليد، كما ينأى الفتيان عن ممارسة أي لعبة خاصة بالفتيات في المجتمع. وقد اشتمل البحث على ( مقدمة البحث - مشكلة البحث - أهداف البحث - أسئلة البحث - أهمية البحث - حدود البحث - منهج البحث - عينة البحث - أدوات البحث - مصطلحات البحث ) ثم دراسات سابقة مرتبطة بموضوع البحث ثم الإطار النظري يليه الإطار التطبيقي ثم نتائج البحث والتوصيات والمقترحات ومراجع البحث ثم ملخصي البحث باللغة العربية والإنجليزية.
Keywords: Jeux -- Oman

الوعيُ اللونيُّ بالأبيض والأسود في الشِّعرين الأندلسي والعُماني: ابن خفاجة وسليمان النبهاني أنموذجًا - الغسيني, زاهر بن بدر; الحضرمي, إدريس بن عبد الله (أنساق, 2024)
يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الوعي اللوني بالأبيض والأسود في الشعر الأندلسي والشعر العُماني من خلال اختيار أنموذجين: ابن خفاجة الأندلسي وسليمان بن مظفر النبهاني، بُغية الوصول إلى مدى وعي الشاعر الأندلسي والشاعر العُماني باللون وتبايناته المختلفة، ومدى تمكنهما من توظيف الألوان في نقل همومهما وعُقدهما النفسية، التي أخرجها لنا الإبداع الشعري من مكامن اللاشعور، لكون الألوان ثيمة شعرية متباينة التوظيف، والتجربة الشعرية اللونية تمثل تشكيلًا لواقع يُعيد الشاعر ترتيبه وفق ظروفٍ نفسية يئن تحت وطأتها، فكان الإسقاط اللوني خَلاصًا له. ويعتمد البحث نظرية التحليل النفسي لسيغموند فرويد منهجًا عِلميًا، كونها تبحث في اللاشعور، وبوصف الإبداع الشعري أحد منافذ التعبير عن الأمور المكبوتة عند الإنسان. وجاء اختيار اللونين الأبيض والأسود لكونهما الأكثر شيوعًا في ديواني الشاعرين، واستطاع الشاعران من خلالهما نقل تجارب نفسية حياتية مختلفة، ممَّا يستوجب دراسة اللون في الشعر من خلال ربطه بسياق النص الشعري؛ لاستنطاق وظيفته التعبيرية وفاعليته الوظيفية عن طريق التحليل المعتمد على السياق الذي وَرَد فيه اللون.
Keywords: Poésie -- Oman; Poésie religieuse omanaise

De la référence vernaculaire à la transposition ambiantale: Le voyage d’études comme dispositif immersif - Gharbi, Salma; Ben Hadj Salem, Mohsen (Platela, 2024)
Keywords: Architecture -- Djerba

صورة الآخر في عادات أهل عمان وتقاليدهم في الخطاب السياحي " رحلة من الهند إلى إنجلترا لويليام هايد" أنموذجًا - الداودي, زاهر بن مرهون (مجلة أنساق في الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية, 2024)
سعت هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة صورة الآخر في عادات أهل عمان وتقاليدهم في الخطاب السياحي " رحلة مشبوهة من الهند إلى إنجلترا صورة عن الخليج في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر كيف شوه الرحالة الإنجليز تاريخ الخليج بأفكارهم المغلوطة أنموذجا"، ذلك أن دراسة الإنسان في الحقيقة هي دراسة الإنسانية جمعاء، وبما أن المكان له قيمة ثقافية تنبع من امتزاج الناس وتقاليدهم وطريقة تفكيرهم، وهو ما يعرف بحفريات المكان الذي يميز الشخصية دون غيرها، فقد هدفت الدراسة إلى إبراز صورة الآخر في عادات أهمل عمان وتقاليدهم عند هايد، وهل استطاعت هذه الصور أن تكون مصدر جذب سياحي لمنطقة الخليج العربي، لا سيما مسقط؟ وكيف استطاع هايد أن يوظف عادات الإنسان العماني وتقاليده وسلوكياته لتكون مصدر جذب سياحي للخليج العربي؟ لا سيما أن العادات والتقاليد تمثل عنصر تشويق لاكتشاف الآخر، ذلك أن الخطاب في بعض أشكاله عنصر رئيسي من عناصر الاتصال اللغوي السياحي؛ بامتلاكه استراتيجيات استطاع بها أن يحول عنصر السرد إلى أداة للتعبير عن جماليات المدينة التي زارها، معبرًا عن سلوكيات قاطنيها، ومعبرًا عن أبعادها المختلفة.وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، فتتبع الباحث التقرير ووقف عند أهم العادات والتقاليد التي ركز عليها هايد في خطابه؛ لتكون مصدرًا من مصادر جذب السياحة أو نفورها، وقد خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من النتائج أهمها: أن هايد اعتمد في إبراز صورة الآخر على تصوير المعالم التي يشاهدها، مما أسهم في تصحيح صورة المتلقي، وتعزيز الجانب الثقافي.
Keywords: Récits de voyage -- Oman

المرسل عند الإباضية تنظيرا وتطبيقا - دراسة تحليلية مقارنة - الكندي, أحمد بن يحيى بن أحمد; باباواسماعيل, زهير بن مسعود (التراث, 2024)
يتناول البحث رأي علماء الإباضية من أصوليي المذهب وفقهائه ومحدثيه في أحد أقسام الحديث وهو المرسل، من خلال إشكالية مفادها ما حكم العمل بالحديث المرسل عند الإباضية؟ وما أثر ذلك في فروعهم الفقهية؟ فجاء في مبحثين خصصا لتحديد ماهية هذا القسم، وتمييزه عن باقي أنواع المنقطع كالمعضل والمنقطع، وكذا بيان أقسامه ثم بيان رأي الإباضية في العمل بقسمي المرسل؛ وعرض بعض الفروع الفقهية التي استند فيها فقهاء الإباضية على الحديث المرسل، ومن النتائج التي خلص إليها هذا البحث أنه بالرغم من ردّ بعض الإباضية ممّن غَلّب عليه منهج أهل الحديث لمرسل التابعي، إلا أن جمهورهم ذهبوا إلى اعتباره حجة، وهذ الذي ظهر جليا من خلال بعض الفروع الفقهية، حيث تبين من خلالها عمل فقهاء الإباضية بالحديث المرسل والاستدلال به وبخاصة ما كان من مراسيل جابر بن زيد
Keywords: Hadith -- Ibadisme

"غدامس" في التاريخ والأدب الشعبي - عبد الحافظ, محمد حسن (أنثروبولوجيا, 2024)
ملخص تقارب هذه الورقة موضوع "غدامس في التاريخ والأدب الشعبي"، يعتمد الجانب السيوسيوتاريخي على مقاربة المدونات الرحلية للرحالة الذين زاروا غدامس ووصفوها. أما الجانب الجانب الأدبي الشعبي، فيقارب الروايات المصرية المدونة لرحلة التغريبة في سيرة بني هلال من جهة، والحكاية الشعبية الغدامسية التي تم جمعها وتدوينها من جهة أخرى، لإجراء مقاربة نقدية، تضيء تجارب الجمع الميداني في "غدامس"، وتحاور – نقديًّا - نموذجًا منها، استنادًا إلى خصوصية "غدامس"، بدءًا من موقعها الجغرافي الذي جعل منها ملتقى لجهات سوسيوثقافية متعددة، وانتهاءً بتأثيراتها الخفية والفعالة في آن معًا، في البنية السردية لرحلة التغريبة وما بعدها Abstract: This paper approaches the topic of "Ghadames in History and Folk Literature". The socio-historical aspect is based on the approach to the travel blogs of the travelers who visited and described Ghadames. As for the popular literary aspect, it is approaches to the recorded Egyptian narratives of the journey of alienation (AL-taghriba) in Sirat Bani Hilal, on the one hand, and the Ghadamesid folk tale, which was collected and recorded, on the other hand. To take a critical approach, it illuminates field collection processes in Ghadames. It critically discusses an experience from it, According to the privacy of “Ghadames”. starting with its geographical location that made it a meeting place for multiple socio-cultural parties, and ending with its hidden and effective influences at the same time on the narrative structure. For the journey of AL-taghriba, and beyond.
Keywords: Littérature -- Ghadamès

The importance of India in the economy of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman during the Sassanid period - Chamankar, Mohammadjafar (Journal of Subcontinent Researches, 2024)
During the Sassanid period, commercial activities with the Indian subcontinent, especially its coastal areas, were developed through the Persian Gulf . By capturing the key areas, the connection between the Persian Gulf with the islands and ports of India was facilitated. The Sassanids built camps in the coastal areas of India and gradually Zoroastrian and Nestorian Christian immigrant merchants settled there. The sailors used to travel between the ports and islands of the Persian Gulf with India, loading and unloading goods. The purpose of this research is to examine the commercial relationship between the northern and southern shores of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman with the Indian subcontinent in the Sassanid period.In the end, it is concluded that a set of positive factors, including the policy of port city in the Persian Gulf, the formation of a powerful commercial and military fleet, the knowledge of sea routes and the land and sea occupation of the shores of the Indian Ocean by the Sassanids, led to the expansion of the mutual prosperity of commercial centers. The Persian Gulf and the Indian subcontinent.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Inde

العلاقات العُمانية – البريطانية 1979-1985 - السبعاوي, فهد عباس سليمان (مجلة كلية الكوت الجامعة للعلوم الانسانية, 2024)
تحتل العلاقات العُمانية - البريطانية أهمية كبيرة في تاريخ العلاقات الخليجية – البريطانية على مدى عقود ، شملت مجالات عدة أهمها المجال السياسي والدبلوماسي.يتناول البحث تطور العلاقات السياسية بين البلدين أثناء فترة حكومة حزب المحافظين البريطانية برئاسة مارغريت تاتشر (1979-1990)، وتعمقت تلك العلاقات بشكل أكبر بعد الجهود التي بذلتها حكومة تاتشر في سبيل الحفاظ على المصالح البريطانية في عُمان، على الرغم من الانسحاب البريطاني من منطقة الخليج العربي عام 1971، بسبب الاحداث التي شهدتها المنطقة على أثر الاحتلال السوفيتي لأفغانستان عام 1979 واندلاع الثورة الايرانية عام 1979 واندلاع الحرب العراقية الايرانية 1980.اعتمد البحث على وثائق وزارة الخارجية والكومنولث البريطانية غير المنشورة، التي رصدت بشكل دقيق توجهات الحكومة البريطانية عن طريق الاتصالات التي أجرتها مع سفارتها في مسقط نحو اتخاذ الوسائل المناسبة بما يضمن تعزيز الحضور البريطاني في سلطنة عُمان وذلك بالاعتماد على تعزيز التعاون المشترك بين الجانبين.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Royaume-Uni

واو الاستئناف عند "قُطْب الأئمّة".. دراسة نحوية: واو الاستئناف عند "قُطْب الأئمّة".. دراسة نحوية - الرمحي, أحمد بن محمد (مجلة الآداب والعلوم الاجتماعية, 2022)
الملخص حرف الواو عند النُّحاة من حروف المعاني التي تتنوع دلالتها في السياق العربي، ومن معانيها "الاستئناف"، لكنَّ الشيخ محمد بن يوسف أَطْفَيْش الجزائريّ (1243-1332هـ) المعروف بــ "قُطْب الأئمة" يثير رأيًا في الاستئناف يُخالف ما استقرّ عليه النحو العربي في العصور المتأخرة، وكان لهذا الرأي أثرٌ بارزٌ في آثاره العلمية؛ فقد اعتنى في معالجاته اللغوية للنصوص بتوجيه الواو وغيرها من حروف الاستئناف إلى معنى نحويّ آخر يلائم دلالة سياقها، من هنا يسعى البحث بمنهج وصفي تحليلي إلى دراسة رأي "قُطْب الأئمة" في استئنافيّة الواو، وليستوفي الموضوع حقّه من الدراسة قام البحث على ثلاثة محاور: أولها: الوقوف على (الاستئناف) في علوم اللغة من حيث: مفهومه وأقسامه، وثانيها: تناول (الاستئناف) عند "قطب الأئمة" من حيث: مفهومه، وأنماط تشكُّله، وثالثها: الوقوف على استئنافيّة الواو في سياقات نَصِيَّة ورأي "قطب الأئمة" فيها، وتعود أهمية هذا البحث إلى كَوْنه يكشف عن مغايرةٍ نحويةٍ جديرة بالبحث والنظر، وتتأكَّد هذه الأهمية في الموضوع حين يَمْتَدُّ رأيُ "قُطْب الأئمة" من بُعْده النحوي إلى بُعْده الدلالي، حيث يقع توجيه النصَّ توجيهًا دلاليًّا ولا سيما في سياق النصّ القرآني الكريم. كلمات مفتاحيّة: الواو؛ الاستئناف؛ العطف؛ أطفيش؛ المعنى النَّحْوِي..

التنظيم المجتمعي، الإباضي بجزيرة جربة في العصر الوسيط - بربو, المنصف (حوليّات المعهد العالي للعلوم الإنسانية بمدنين, 2024)
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Djerba

La sémantique des noms : taxinomie djihadiste et imaginaire médiéval - Baptiste, Enki (Frontière·s. Revue d’archéologie, histoire & histoire de l’art, 2023)
Cet article analyse le médiévalisme de l’État islamique à travers les magazines francophones et anglophones de l’organisation terrorisme. L’angle adopté est celui des noms donnés aux organes de presse ou aux bataillons mais également ceux pris par les djihadistes comme kunya. Tissant un lien avec le temps mythifié de l’apostolat du prophète Muḥammad et des premiers califes, la documentation djihadiste sécrète un univers médiévaliste imprégné par une lecture cyclique de l’histoire des conquêtes dans laquelle les djihadistes se perçoivent comme les continuateurs des compagnons du Prophète. Dans le contexte de la guerre civile syrienne, le réinvestissement d’une littérature apocalyptique permet de soutenir le projet étatique de l’organisation terroriste, malgré les embûches. Finalement, détricoter le discours djihadiste passe avant tout par l’exploration de cette sémantique des noms dans laquelle affleurent des références puissantes et partagées à un grand récit au sein duquel se confondent les guerriers du Prophète et ceux du califat djihadiste.

Maintenance and Restoration of Traditional Wells in M'zab Valley - Djemiet, Zahira; Omar, Zaaba (Res Militaris, 2024)
Traditional wells in desert areas and especially in M'zab region are of great importance due to their vital role in providing water to the population and revitalizing agricultural lands with a unique and sophisticated irrigation system, facilitated by traditional religious and customary systems. Their maintenance and restoration ensure their continuity and preservation of these strategic and important structures, as well as our human heritage and values, so that the message reaches future generations, God willing.
Keywords: Monuments -- conservation -- Mzab

دراسة عناصر السرد في رواية "الوخز" لحسين العبري - العجمي, إسماعيل بن مبارك بن سالم (مجلة تسنيم الدولية للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية والقانونية, 2024)
تعد رواية "الوخز" للكاتب حسين العبري من الروايات العُمانية الهامة التي اهتمت بالجانب السياسي وذلك من خلال التحقيق في موضوع التنظيم السري المحظور الذي كشفته الدولة، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة عناصر السرد في رواية "الوخز"، وكيفية توظيف عناصر السرد الروائي: الراوي العليم، والشخصية من حيث لغة الرجل المثقف والرجل الشيخ والمحقق، وتقنية الحوار الداخلي والخارجي لدى الشخصيات، والحدث، والوصف. أوردنا أمثلة على عناصر السرد من خلال الرواية.
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

Libyan Provincialization and the Invention of Ottoman Africa - Lohnes, Jonathan M. (Eurasian Studies, 2024)
Abstract This article reinterprets Ottoman provincialization in the Libyan Sahara in the mid-nineteenth century. Adopting a geopolitical economy perspective, I argue this unsung region became the pilot province for development initiatives subsequently pursued across the Ottoman domains. Representing the convergent interests of transnational finance, local entrepreneurs, and reformist bureaucrats, such initiatives enabled the imaginative constitution of “Ottoman Africa”.
Keywords: Djebel Nefousa -- 1551-1911

الترابط الثقافي والفكري بين وارجلان وميزاب خلال العهد العثماني Cultural and intellectual correlation among Wargelan and Mizab scientist during the Ottoman era - بومدین, خدیجي هواري; الشیخ, لكحل (مجلة الباحث في العلوم الإنسانية والإجتماعية, 2024)
يهدف هذا البحث إلى التنقيب على مدى التلاقح الفكري والثقافي الذي كان بين علماء منطقة ميزاب ومنطقة وارجلان خلال العهد العثماني، وكذا اسهامات هؤلاء العلماء في جعل هاته المناطق كمراكز إشعاع ثقافي مستقطبة لطلاب العلم وللعلماء. نستنتج من خلال هذه الدراسة، أنَّ الروابط الفكرية والثقافية بين منطقتي ميزاب ووارجلان خلال الفترة محل الدراسة كانت جدُّ قويّة خاصة في مجال التربية والتعليم، وما زاد هذا الترابط متانةً هو سُهولة التواصل اللُغَوي المتقارب بالنسبة للغة الأمازيغية من الجهتين، وكذا الزيارات المتبادلة بين علماء المنطقتين. This research aims to explore the extent of intellectual and cultural cross-pollination that was between the scholars of the M'zab region and the Argelan region during the Ottoman era, as well as the contributions of these scholars in making these regions centers of cultural radiation that polarized students of science and scholars. We conclude, through this study, that the intellectual and cultural ties between the regions of M'zab and Argelan during the period under study were very strong, especially in the field of education
Keywords: Relations -- Mzab -- Ouargla

قراءة كرونولوجية في كتاب "شرح كتاب النيل" - بن لولو, حاج إسماعيل; حاج أمحمد, قاسم (مجلة الآداب و العلوم الإجتماعية, 2024)
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على تاريخ تأليف كتاب "شرح كتاب النيل" لأحد أعمدة المدرسة الإباضية بالجزائر في العصر الحديث، وهو الشيخ أمحمد بن يوسف أطفيش(1237ه/1332ه)، حيث لا زالت هذه الموسوعة الفقهية الكبيرة، المؤلفة من سبعة عشر مجلدا، مرجعا أساسيا لكل باحث في الفقه الإباضي. فكانت إشكالية الدراسة كالآتي: متى بدأ الشيخ أطفيش في تأليف "شرح كتاب النيل" ؟ ومتى أنهاه ؟ ومتى ألف كل جزء منه(السبع عشرة جزءا) ؟ ومتى أنهاه ؟ ومتى طبع لأول مرّة ؟ وما هي الكتب التي ألفها خلال فترة تأليف "شرح كتاب النيل" ؟ ومتى بالضبط ؟ توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج، ومنها: استغرق الشيخ أطفيش في تأليف كتابه "شرح كتاب النيل" خمس عشرة(15) سنة(1270ه إلى 1285ه)، فأنهاه في سن مبكرة (47سنة)، وهو عمر يوافق ما وصف به نفسه في مقدمة الكتاب. الكلمات المفتاحية: كرونولوجيا، شرح كتاب النيل، أطفيش. résumé: L'objective de cette étude c'est de reconnaître la date de création du livre "sharh kitab al-Nil" de l'un des pilets de l'école Ibadite en Algerie du nouvelle époque c'est el-chikh M'hammed ibn Youcef Atfiesh(1237/1332 hijri). Cette encyclopédie fiqh contients 17 dossiers qui encore est considérée comme un source principal au chercheurs Ibadites. Quand chikh Atfiesh a commencé écrire le livre "sharh kitab al-Nil"? et quand il a écrit chaque chapitre(17 dossiers)? quand il a terminé? à quel date il a imprimé pour la premiére fois? quels sont les livre qu'il a écri pendant l'écriture du livre "sharh kitab Nil"? et exactement quand?. L'étude a conclu plusieur résultats: chikh Atfiesh a duré 15 ans pour écrire son livre "sharh kitab al-Nil"(1270/1285). A l'age de 47 ans a terminé son livre et c'est un age qui accord avec la discription de lui-même dans l'introduction du livre. Abstract: This study aims to identify the history of authoring the book -"Sharh al-Nil"- )Explanation of the book of the Nile( for the scholar: Mohamed ben Yusuf Atefiesh (1237 / 1332 hijri); one of the pillars of the Ibadite school in Algeria in the recent era. This great jurisprudential encyclopedia contains seventeen volumes. It is an essential reference for every researcher in Ibadi jurisprudence. The questions of this study are: When did the scholar Atfiesh begin writing his book "Sharh al-Nil"? When did he finish it? when did he write each part of its seventeen parts? When did he finish it? When was it printed for the first time? What are the books that he wrote during the period of writing "Sharh al-Nil"? and when exactly did he write each one of them? The study reached several results, among them: The scholar Atfiesh had been writing his book "Sharh al-Nil" in fifteen (15) years (from 1270 to 1285 hijri); in his middle ages (47 years old) which is exactly the age that he described himself in the introductory of the book.
Keywords: Fiqh -- Mzab -- 19e siècle

After the Fall of the Caravan Kingdoms. Notes about the Occupation of Sumhuram and the Area of Khor Rori (Oman) from the Fifth Century AD to the Islamic Period - Pavan, Alexia (Études et Travaux, 2023)
Since the beginning of the investigations in the area of Khor Rori and at the site of Sumhuram, the easternmost outpost of the caravan kingdoms along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, cultural material and architectural evidence seemed to exclude frequentation, both permanent and seasonal, during the Islamic period. Indeed, it was assumed that any form of occupation, which had begun in the second century BC, ceased in the fifth century AD, consistent with the historical, economic and cultural scenario that marked the end of the caravan kingdoms. However, discoveries made during more recent fieldwork, along with a critical reinterpretation of previously collected data, have clearly demonstrated the existence of a late occupation of the area, which can be tentatively dated to the Late Antique period in the case of the burials located nearby and to the Islamic period in the case of the reoccupation of the site. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of the re-analysis of the late evidence, focusing on the last architectural structures, the small finds and some of the pottery.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

The skeletal remains from Umm an-Nar tomb QA 1-1: spatial distribution and anthropological analysis - Rutkowski, Łukasz; Parol, Marta (Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 2021)
Collective aboveground circular tombs of stone are one of the main categories of architectural structures from the Umm an-Nar period (2500–2000 BC) in the Oman peninsula. The tombs have been known since the late 1950s but various aspects of their functioning still await a full explanation. Most of them survived in poor condition, often empty, only a dozen or so actually yielding any human remains. Tomb QA 1-1, one of ten Umm an-Nar-type tombs at Wadi al-Fajj in northwestern Oman, has yielded a substantial assemblage of human skeletal remains (estimated MNI 25) from the two of four burial chambers excavated between 2016 and 2018. While the excavation of the tomb should be continued, a presentation of the bone assemblage recovered to date, including a distribution analysis of the remains, deposition characteristic, and preliminary osteological analysis, adds to the existing source base of Early Bronze Age populations in the ancient land of Magan.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Beads and pendants from Inqitat (Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman) - Lischi, Silvia (Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 2020)
Archaeological campaigns conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the site of Inqitat (Al Hamr al-Sharqiya), in the area of Khor Rori (Dhofar), produced an interesting assemblage of jewellery of various materials. The characteristics of the site are exceptional because they show traces of occupation from (prehistoric times)/ Prehistory right up to the Islamic period. Its geographical position(location), near Sumhuram, and its socio-political situation explain why bead assemblage here is so important. The use of particular stones indicates the presence of links with the area of the Persian Gulf and the Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the discovery of some tools used for the production of the beads demonstrates a local production of some of these. The long life of the site could help to identify typical materials of each period thus allowing for a more complete comprehension of Dhofar and of the international connections of the area.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

The port of Al Baleed (southern Oman), the trade in franckincense and its coveted treasures - Pavan, Alexia (Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 2020)
Medieval times as Zafar. Placed in a strategic position for its geographical location, climate, availability of water and abundance of fodder, its long history dates back to the Bronze Age. The settlement reached its peak in Mediaeval times when it was a (a hub?) of international trade along the Indian Ocean. Many commodities were exported from the region or passed through the port. Among them a number of regional products such as: myrrh, dragon’s blood, aloe and madder, the most important being, however, frankincense and Arabian horses. Frankincense trade in Mediaeval times is barely studied despite its importance and great incomes generated by this trade during the period. The paper will present a general overview of the site of Al Baleed and its importance in the trade of frankincense, mainly in relation with the Far-eastern market with an overview of the coveted treasures from the region of Dhofar.
Keywords: Botanique -- Oman

Modern Pollen Analysis in the Estuary Habitats along the Coast of Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman) - Bellini, Cristina; Ciani, Francesco; Pignotti, Lia; Baldini, Riccardo Maria; Gonnelli, Tiziana; Mariotti Lippi, Marta (Sustainability, 2022)
A lush vegetation develops around the numerous wadi estuaries interrupting the Dhofari coast in Southern Oman. Many estuaries still house mangroves of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., a very fragile ecosystem that is currently under threat in this area. A rather rich flora, strongly affected by the influence of the monsoon, grows in other estuaries. This study concerns the flora and vegetation of these peculiar habitats with special focus on the plants growing on the different substrates. To gain insights into the pollen diffusion and representation of these plants in the current pollen rain, we analyzed surface soil samples. By evaluating their pollen amounts, we related the modern pollen rain to the abundance/coverage of the plant species typical of the different environments. Rather than a punctual indication of the plants growing at a short distance, our pollen records offer a general picture of the flora and vegetation of the area. This information is crucial for the correct interpretation of pollen records from ancient soils, and underlines the utility of pollen analysis for the reconstruction of the vegetation history.
Keywords: Botanique -- Oman

Preserving Mzabi Dialect Vitality: The Case Study of Mozabite Merchants in the City of Constantine - Benlahrache, Wafa Safinez (Revue des Sciences Humaines, 2024)
The Mozabite people constitute a well-known Berber ethnic group who have lived in Algeria for centuries. The Mzabi dialect is their native tongue and Arabic is spoken by many as a second language. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to look into certain parameters surrounding this case of bilingualism. It aims more precisely to check whether or not constant contact with dialectal Arabic in particular might have any effect on the use and maintenance of the Mzabi dialect and tries to figure out the underlying reasons behind it. Accordingly, data are mainly collected using structured interviews with a sample that consists of twenty-five Mozabite merchants in the city of Constantine. The investigation generated comparable results and reveals that Mozabites intentionally speak both dialects separately, depending on context and purpose. It also demonstrates that Mzabi resists change and attrition due to its speakers’ deep sense of belonging to a highly conservative community.
Keywords: Emigration -- Mzab -- Algérie; Linguistique -- Mzab

التطبيب التنصيري في مزاب في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر ومطلع القرن العشرين وموقف السكان منه - الجعدي, رضوان; بن عمر, موسى بن بكير (مجلة البحوث التاريخية, 2024)
ملخص: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقصي الدور التطبيبي الذي اضطلعت به جمعية مرسلي إفريقيا التنصيرية في منطقة مزاب بعد تطور علم الطب في أوروبا خلال القرن التاسع عشر، واستعماله كأحد أهم الوسائل التي اعتمدت عليها الإدارة الفرنسية لاختراق المجتمع الجزائري ولتطبيع علاقتها به، وقد تعاونت بشكل كبير مع الحركة التنصيرية على فتح المستشفيات والمستوصفات للجزائريين لتحقيق أهدافها الاستعمارية، و تبعا لذلك انتشر المنصرون في كل مناطق الجزائر، مع تركيز أكثر على بعض الجهات التي اعتقدوا أنها ملائمة أكثر لنشاطهم كمنطقة القبائل والأوراس ومزاب والهقار، و اشتغلوا وفق محورين مهمين هما التعليم و التطبيب، وتسعى الدراسة أيضا الى البحث عن الأهداف الخفية للحركة التنصيرية من وراء تكثيف نشاطها التطبيبي في منطقة مزاب من خلال فتح مستشفى وعدة مستوصفات للأهالي، مجندة في ذلك الأخوات البيض للعمل الميداني في محاولة لاختراق النواة الصلبة لمجتمع مزاب، وللتغلغل داخل الأوساط النسائية الأكثر تحصينا، وخلافا لمأمولهم كانت الحصيلة لسنوات طويلة من النشاط التطبيبي للمنصرين ضئيلة، وغير متناسبة مع ضخامة الجهد المبذول. Abstract: This study aims to investigate the medical role played by the Christian Missionaries of Africa Association in the M'zab region after the development of medical science in Europe during the nineteenth century and its use as one of the most important means upon which the French administration relied to penetrate Algerian society and normalize its relationship with it. It actively cooperated with the Christian movement on Hospitals and dispensaries were opened for Algerians to achieve their colonial goals. Accordingly, missionaries spread throughout all regions of Algeria.
Keywords: Missionnaires -- Algérie

معالجة الصحافة العُمانية للأزمة السورية (الأزمة السورية من خلال نماذج من الصحافة العمانية) - البريكي, حمود بن حمد (مجلة الفنون والأدب وعلوم الإنسانيات والاجتماع, 2024)
The aim of this study is to analyze the attention has been given by the Omani Arabic dailies; Al-Watan, Oman, Shabiba, and Al-Roya for the Syrian crisis. This study depends on content analysis methodology to analyze all related materials published by the Omani Arabic dailies in 2017. A total of 1903 materials will be analysed using content analysis.
Keywords: Journalisme -- Oman

Iran's Dual Diplomacy During the Dhofar Movement (1965-1975) - Ebrahiminejad, Badrjahan; Salehi Amiri, Reza; Sharafi, Mahboube; Forouzesh, Sina (Historical Study of War, 2024)
The Dhofar movement which lasted for ten years was initially influenced by Arabian nationalism led by Jamal Abdul Nasser, but shifted towards the Eastern bloc after the Arabs’ defeat by Israel (1967 AD). Shortly before England’s withdrawal from Persian Gulf when Sultan Qaboos entered Oman’s political scene (1970 AD), Iran suppressed the movement with support of England and America. The influences of Arabian nationalism and communism current were the two major challenges during this decade shaping Iran’s political response to the movement. Iran implicitly declared neutrality to the movement despite confirming legitimacy of its religious leader. However, with arrival of Sultan Qaboos, Iran directly participated in its suppression, and the main subject of this paper is to know why. Findings represent that the above-mentioned challenges significantly impacted on Iran’s adoption of two distinct political approaches. While affirming legitimacy of Sultan’s adversaries, Iran first avoided bolstering the movement’s position against the West and maintained positive neutrality and refrained from any actions. Later on, to consolidate Sultan Qaboos authority and to confront the growing influence of the East, Iran suppressed the movement. This article is compiled using a historical method and is written with a descriptive analytical approach.
Keywords: Dhofar; Relations -- Oman -- Iran

ماذا بقي من المذهب الإباضي ببلاد الجريد؟ واحة نفطة نموذجا: دراسة في الأنتروبولوجيا التاريخية - النوري, نور الدين (المجلة التونسية لعلم الآثار, 2024)
يعنى هذا العمل بالبحث في الإرث الإباضي بمدينة نفطة بالجنوب التونسي، وهو المذهب السائد بمجال بلاد الجريد خلال العصر الوسيط من القرن الثامن إلى القرن الثالث عشر ميلادي، باعتماد مدونة شفوية محلية (سرديات ومرويات وذهنيات) ثم مسائلتها بمؤلفات أعلام الإباضية ببلاد المغرب خلال العصر الوسيط (على غرار الوسياني والورجلاني والدرجيني) وبالمراجع، لاسيما التي تناولت بالدراسة المذهب الإباضي بجنوب إفريقية منها (صالح باجية، الإباضية بالجريد ومحمد المريمي، إباضية جزيرة جربة خلال العصر الحديث)، من أجل المقارنة والتحليل. ويعنى العمل الحالي أيضا بدراسة ميدان البحث، اجتماعيا وأثريا بالمعايشة والتدوين ويناقش عددا من الممارسات العقدية، في العبادة على وجه الخصوص، كمسألة سدل اليدين في الصلاة، ويبحث في الممارسات الاجتماعية والطقوس الموروثة عن بعض فرق الإباضية، وفي المصطلحات اللغوية والإثنوغرافية والطوبونيمية الحالية الراجعة إلى العصر الوسيط، التي صمدت رغم الطمس الاجتماعي والنفي الفكري الموجه. وينظر إضافة إلى ذلك في بعض الظواهر الاجتماعية المتداولة بمجال الدراسة، ليتساءل عن حقيقة انتمائها إلى المذهب الإباضي الأصلي. ويعتمد منهج البحث على الخروج عما هو متداول من أن المقاربة التاريخية ملزمة باعتماد مادي على المصادر والمراجع والآثار في حين يمكن أن تعتمد أيضا على الإرث الشفوي والأنثروبولوجيا ليكونا منطلقين لكتابة قطعة هامة من التاريخ المحلي لم تعره الدراسات السابقة العناية اللازمة.
Keywords: Ibadisme -- Djérid

تطور العمارة الدينية بجبل نفوسة في العصر الوسيط - الزواري, محمد (المجلة التونسية لعلم الآثار, 2024)
Keywords: Architecture -- Djebel Nefousa

New Records of Spheciformes Wasps (insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea) for Djerba Island, Tunisia - Ben Khedher, Hassib; Yıldırım, Erol (Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 2024)
Four species of Spheciformes wasps belonging to two families and two genera Crabronidae Latreille, 1802 (one species to the genus Tachysphex Kohl, 1883) and Philanthidae Latreille, 1802 (three species to the genus Cerceris Latreille, 1802) are reported for the first time from Djerba Island in Tunisia. The distribution in Tunisia and morphological description for reported species are given and illustrated.
Keywords: Entomologie -- Djerba

Berbères « minorés » dans le monde « arabo-musulman » : réalités ou représentations ? - Yacine, Tassadit (Quaderns de la Mediterrània, 2024)
Keywords: Berbérisme -- Afrique du Nord

Closing the gap: survey and excavation at Ibrāʾ, Sultanate of Oman - Kluge, Jonas (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2024)
The newly discovered Early Bronze Age site of Ibrāʾ South at the southern outskirts of the modern town of Ibrāʾ offers a range of archaeological features dating to the Umm an‑Nar period. In this paper, the results of the first season of fieldwork conducted by the Goethe University Frankfurt are presented, including a detailed surface survey and finds collection as well as small-scale excavations of two domestic buildings. The site also allows a study of different functional zones within the settlement, among others an area of copper processing and systems of water management, as well as indications of a planned settlement layout.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Tombs and landscapes in a canyon of the al-Ḥajar mountains: Results of the surveys at WTN07 in the Tanūf District (North-Central Oman), 2022–2023 - Kuronuma, Taichi; Tanabe, Kantaro; Miki, Takehiro; Kondo, Yasuhisa (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2024)
Research towards the reconstruction of various archaeological landscapes in the Al-Ḥajar mountains is still ongoing. Past investigations in the Wādī Tanūf canyon have revealed long-term transformation of landscapes of higher places, such as hilltops and a cave on a cliff. However, the function of the wadi terraces has not been sufficiently investigated. In the 2022–2023 season, we surveyed the site of WTN07 on a wadi terrace and documented 123 Islamic graves, as well as one probable Wādī Sūq tomb (Tomb 122). A detailed examination indicates that Tomb 122 is a rare collective tomb in North-Central Oman and has composite characteristics represented by a U-shaped chamber, a possible entrance corridor, and an attached annex with a few subsidiary tombs. Furthermore, we have identified eight non-mortuary features, including a newly discovered building (Structure 01) in Wādī Tanūf, as well as a platform (Structure 02) and a long wall (Structure 04). These findings highlight the importance of the terrace in the canyon, given the limited flat space available. We assume that the small terrace running along the river was a place for different activities over time, with most of the evidence related to the movement of people in the trans-Ḥajar region, since the canyon can be considered as a corridor.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

New insights on Bronze Age funerary monuments in the Ḥajar foothills: Surveys and excavations at Bisya (Ad-Dākhilīyyah, Sultanate of Oman) - Munoz, Olivia; Rointru, Kaïna; Jean, Mathilde; Pellegrino, Maria Paola; Renaux, Caroline; Laguardia, Marie; Sanz, Paola Gómez; Cotty, Marianne (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2024)
The Bisya region is rich in archaeological heritage, with thousands of protohistoric funerary monuments (fourth–first millennium BC), making it an ideal place to study the diversity of burials in the region. This article presents the results of two survey and excavation seasons in the Bisya region. Remote sensing identified over 5500 tombs in a vast area, and ground surveys made it possible to document their variability and spatial distribution. The article discusses the architectural diversity, topographical location, and chronological assignment of these tombs and sheds light on the transition from the Hafit to the Umm an-Nar period as well as on further possible reuses. The excavation of three tombs (Tomb F4170, Tomb F2276, and Tomb F4169), revealed their architectural features and deposits and shed light on their possible dating. The imported pottery found in Tomb F4169 indicates connections with Mesopotamia, Iran, and Baluchistan. Beads, small objects, and copper alloy artefacts were recovered, providing further insight into the burial practices and trade networks of the time. This research in the Bisya region contributes with new data to our understanding of the burial landscape and socio-cultural development during the Early Bronze Age in the Arabian Peninsula, illuminating the architectural evolution and the trade and cultural networks in which the population was involved.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Architecture, social relations, and trade at mountain settlements in Iron Age Oman - Paulsen, Paige; Zaribaf, Amir; Lehner, Joseph; David-Cuny, Hélène; Dumitru, Ioana A.; Nathan, Smiti; Sivitskis, Alexander; Shannon, John; Wiig, Frances; Arsenault, Bradley; Harrower, Michael J. (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2024)
In 2023, a primary goal of the Archaeological Water Histories of Oman (ArWHO) Project fieldwork involved intensive mapping of architecture at sites near Yanqul, Oman to gain a better understanding of social relations during the Iron Age (1300–300 BC) in south-east Arabia. Small settlements (less than 2 ha) proliferated in remote mountainous areas during the Iron Age, reflecting broader changes in social organization. How were mountain communities organized, and what was their larger role in Iron Age societies that were engaged in wide-reaching networks producing and trading copper and softstone? Through mapping of architecture, surface collections, and test excavation, our ongoing research examines how small communities in the mountains and piedmonts were socially configured. Here we report on three of the four sites studied in early 2023: ʿAqīr al‑Shamūs, Ḥayy Ukur, and al-ʿAqar. Mapping of the fourth site, Raki 2, relies on alternative methods that are still being processed and will be reported in detail elsewhere. Our work has begun evaluating differences in the size, shape, abundance, and construction of architecture and surrounding water management and field systems. Preliminary results reveal a dense architectural plan with a possible public building at al-ʿAqar and broad similarities in architectural plans between ʿAqīr al-Shamūs, a specialized softstone production site, and Ḥayy Ukur, which lacks evidence of specialized production, suggesting autonomy as a likely social driver of the Iron Age settlement pattern.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Hafit period fuelwood preferences associated with early copper production at Building V, al-Khashbah, Oman - Proctor, Lucas; Döpper, Stephanie; Schmidt, Conrad (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2024)
Analyses of archaeological fuel remains can provide insight into pyrotechnologies, resource management, and the local environment. In this paper, we examine archaeological charcoals from Hafit period (3300–2700 BC) levels in Building V at al‑Khashbah (al-Khashaba), Oman, to understand fuel harvesting and burning preferences associated with early copper production. Building V is currently thought to be the earliest identified copper-production site in Oman based on the presence of abundant pyrotechnological remains, copper slag, and stratified radiocarbon results. Here, we build on previous anthracological work reconstructing woodland composition from the site. Anthracologists are increasingly recognising that fuelwood collection is often based on social or functional grounds rather than species availability. To that end, we have combined traditional taxonomic analysis with the application of dendro-anthracological methods to examine how intensive wood harvesting was for copper production and whether it had effects on the local vegetation. Dendrological reconstruction of wood calibre and condition at burning combined with spatial patterning of remains provides a more nuanced view of these preferences than can be achieved through taxonomic analysis alone.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Socio-political factors influencing early Islamic copper production in Oman - Zaribaf, Amir; Lehner, Joseph; Paulsen, Paige; Dumitru, Ioana A.; Sivitskis, Alexander; Arsenault, Bradley; Fisher, Brendan; Buffington, Abigail; Dollarhide, Eli; Harrower, Michael J. (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2024)
The early Islamic period was marked by a resurgence in large-scale copper production in south-east Arabia. This is in contrast to the preceding era (early first millennium BCE to the mid-first millennium CE) and its notable lack of evidence of copper production. Various external and internal factors, including a flourishing Indian Ocean trade and environmental limitations, have been suggested as factors in this renewal and in its subsequent decline. However, the socio-political and economic factors that formed the framework for industrial growth during this transformative period are rarely considered. This paper delves deeper into the socio-political background of the early Islamic period in relation to industrial growth in south-east Arabia. To bridge the gap between historical and archaeological evidence, we also present new data from surveys and excavations conducted at early Islamic industrial sites in Wadī al‑Rākī, Oman. These findings offer new insights into the history of large-scale copper processing in the region.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

التجارة الإباضية ودورها في نشر الاسلام بالسودان الغربي من خلال المصادر الإباضية - الزرويل, صالح (عصور, 2024)
انتشر الإسلام في ربوع بلاد السودان الغربي في وقت مبكر، ويعود الفضل في ذلك لمختلف التجار الدعاة الذين استطاعوا بمعاملاتهم التجارية وأخلاقهم الإسلامية السامية أن يؤثروا في عامة شعوب جنوب الصحراء وخاصتهم، وكان التجار الإباضيون من بين أولئك الذين أسلمت على أيديهم جحافل كبيرة من ساكنة المنطقة. فالتجارة الإباضية موغلة في القدم مع تلك الربوع، وقد تحدثت عنها كتب التاريخ فضلا عن كتب الرحلات والجغرافية، وانفردت بذكر أسمائهم المصادر التاريخية الإباضية التي تم تأليفها خلال الفترة الوسيطة مثل: سير الورجلاني وطبقات الدرجيني وسير الشماخي. بتتبّعنا وفق مسار كرونولوجي لقائمة أولئك التجار؛ وجدنا بأن التجارة والتجار الاباضيون كانوا في وتيرة متباينة عبر القرون، وأن التجارة الإباضية كانت ذات أبعاد دينية واجتماعية وسياسية فضلا عن البعد الاقتصادي الرئيس، وأن الأشخاص الذين تداولت أسماؤهم مختلف كتب السير والطبقات لم يكونوا ذوو مستوى عال من العلم، أو مناصب عليا في بلدانهم، لكن أمانتهم ونزاهتهم في معاملاتهم التجارية جعلت سكان مناطق بلاد السودان وممالكها تعتنق الإسلام أفواجا. Islam spread throughout Western Sudan at an early date, who, through their commercial dealings and their lofty Islamic morals, were able to influence the generality of the peoples of sub-Saharan Africa and their own. The Ibadi merchants were among those through whom large hordes of the region’s inhabitants converted to Islam. Ibadi trade with those regions is very ancient, and the Ibadi historical sources that were written during the intermediate period are the only ones mentioned by their names, such as: The Biography of Tabaqat Al-Darjini,. By following a chronological path to the list of these merchants; We found that Ibadi merchants were at a different pace over the centuries, and that had religious, social, and political dimensions in addition to the main economic dimension, However, their honesty and integrity in their commercial dealings made the inhabitants of Sudan’s regions and kingdoms embrace Islam in droves.
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

نحو تصنيف جغرافي جديد للمجموعات اللهجيّة في سلطنة عُمان - الكثيري, عامر (مجلة الآداب, 2024)
تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم تصنيف جغرافي جديد للمجموعات اللهجية في سلطنة عمان انطلاقا من التصنيف الذي وضعه كلايف هولز (Clive Holes) للمجموعات اللهجية في شمال سلطنة عمان ووسطها في مقالته المنشورة عام 1989، التي حددها - بناء على الوحدات اللغوية الصوتية والصرفية- في أربع مجموعات لهجية: مجموعتين بدويتين ومجموعتين حضريتين. وتروم الدراسة الحالية متابعة عدد من الوحدات اللغوية التي وظّفها كلايف هولز في النطاق الجغرافي المحدد عنده بـ 15 موقعا جغرافيا؛ بغية مقارنة أوجه الاتفاق والاختلاف بين الدراسة الحالية ودراسة هولز، فضلا عن ذلك فإن الدراسة تسعى إلى رصد الصور المنطوقة لهذه الوحدات اللغوية في نطاق جغرافي أوسع من النطاق الذي حدّده هولز، يشمل المجموعات اللهجية في محافظتي ظفار ومسندم، التي استبعدها كلايف هولز من دراسته. وقد جُمعت المادة اللغوية لهذه الدراسة من زيارات ميدانية قام بها الباحث بين عامي 2018 و2019 إلى مختلف محافظات سلطنة عمان. وخلصت الدراسة بناء على الوحدات اللغوية المدروسة إلى أن بعض ما أورده هولز على أنه مجموعة لهجية واحدة يمكن أن يدرج في مجموعتين لهجيتين أو أكثر، إذ إن مجموعة (بدو1) عند هولز تضعها الدراسة الحالية في ثلاث مجموعات لهجية، هي: المجموعة البدوية في محافظة البريمي، والمجموعة البدوية في محافظة شمال الباطنة، والمجموعة البدوية في محافظة جنوب الشرقية. وتضيف الدراسة أيضا مجموعة لهجية جديدة في النطاق الجغرافي الحضري الذي حدده هولز، هي: المجموعة الحضرية في محافظة الظاهرة والمناطق الجبلية المتصلة بها في ولاية الخابورة بمحافظة شمال الباطنة، وتضيف الدراسة كذلك مجموعات لهجية في المناطق التي استبعدها هولز، مثل: المجموعة الحضرية في محافظة مسندم، والمجموعين الحضرية والبدوية في محافظة ظفار. ولعلّ مردّ بعض هذه الاختلافات راجع إلى التطورات الصوتية والصرفية التي حدثت خلال المدة الزمنية بين دراسة هولز والدراسة الحالية.
Keywords: Linguistique -- Oman

Connectivités djerbiennes : globalisations méditerranéennes des Juifs de Djerba - Albera, Dionigi; Morvan, Yoann (Journal des anthropologues, 2022)
Le workshop international « Connectivités djerbiennes : Globalisations méditerranéennes des Juifs de Djerba » que nous avons co-organisé, initialement prévu en mars 2020 à l'IMéRA à Marseille, s'est finalement tenu en présentiel les 27 et 28 juin 2022. Son objectif était d'inaugurer une recherche collective et pluridisciplinaire menée dans le cadre d'un programme financé par l'A*Midex (Aix-Marseille univ.) en partenariat avec le Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem (CRFJ) et l'Institut de recherche sur le Maghreb contemporain (IRMC) à Tunis. Les difficultés d'organisation d'événements internationaux durant la pandémie COVID-19 ont conduit à reporter cet atelier au terme de ce programme, même si un certain nombre d'événements intermédiaires 3 ont permis de jalonner la mise en dialogue des différentes recherches effectuées par les membres du groupe. Celui-ci se compose d'universitaires français, israéliens et tunisiens, en mesure d'appréhender la diaspora des Juifs de Djerba dans ses points d'ancrages principaux, qui établissent entre eux diverses connectivités, et dessinent de façon originale une globalisation méditerranéenne nourrie d'échanges sud-sud.
Keywords: Judaïsme -- Djerba

Reading Ancient Folk Literature the Omani Story of “Abu Qahifa” Is an Example - Siddig, Omar Ahmed; Siddig, Babikir Eltigani; Elmahi, Abdallah (Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2024)
The research deals with a popular tale from the ancient Omani heritage. In our research, we tried to learn about the Omani heritage and the distinct Omani culture, especially its literary heritage. We dealt with the story with literary criticism and analysis, and we focused on the characters of the story, the method of narration, the language, the presentation, the quality of the wording, the artistic plot, the fertile imagination, and the idea that derived its roots from the Omani culture and imagination. In our research, we followed the descriptive and analytical approach that is consistent with the subject of the folk tale.
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

An Explorative Study: The History Of Slavery In The Sultanate Of Oman - Kasbi, Yousef al-; Chellathurai, Godwin John (Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 2024)
The social changes that have occurred in the lives of slaves in Oman, a cultural study particularly about the conceptual situation and its impact on the social status of slaves, which continued even after the complete prohibition of the slave trade and the adoption of the Basic Law, present a problem for this research on slavery in Oman. The aim of this research is to shed light on the history of slaves as a practice and its impact on humanity and on the Omani society. The problem of research is the social transformation of slaves, especially after the prohibition of this slave trade, but it is practiced in a different sense until the present in certain places. The historical and descriptive analytical approach was followed in this study to reach the results. The Omani view of slaves after the liberation processes, both in the heart of Islam and after the international conventions that approved the principle of equality, the prohibition contributed to the formation of classes that had the role and the supreme illusion of the Renaissance of Oman that the Arab view of slaves, especially African, was undesirable, thus leading to conflicts in society to this day.
Keywords: Esclavage -- Oman

Amity, Commerce, and Compromise: Americans, Indians, and the Evolution of Trade on Zanzibar and across the Western Indian Ocean, 1825–1861 - Morrison, Joshua S. C. (Journal of World History, 2024)
During the early nineteenth century, the Omani outpost of Zanzibar emerged as a leading marketplace in the Western Indian Ocean. The island's economic expansion depended heavily on a community of well-connected Indian merchants. The port's rising fortunes also attracted traders from farther afield. By 1826, American merchants had reached the island. Although Americans had decades of experience in the region, they struggled to turn a profit on Zanzibar. Over time, American traders realized that commercial success depended on a strong relationship with the island's Indian community. By the 1840s, the American consul, Richard Waters, and Zanzibar's custom master, Jairam Shivji, had formed a lucrative arrangement exchanging commodities. Waters, Shivji, and their peers developed a commercial framework that melded key precepts of Indian Ocean trade with their Atlantic equivalents. Aided by bilingual commodity contracts, trade between the United States and Zanzibar flourished. In time, the island served as a crucial springboard for American ventures to India. With the help of Parsi firms, Waters and his successors incorporated Bombay into their trade routes. In turn, the city's economic expansion reshaped trade in East Africa. By the American Civil War, commercial intelligence and British credit from Bombay contributed to Americans' success on Zanzibar.
Keywords: Zanzibar -- Commerce -- 19e siècle

تاريخ وحضارة مدينة سدراتة الأثرية بالجنوب الشرقي الجزائري – نموذج للمدينة الإسلامية- - بن صغير حضري, يمينة (مجلة الواحات للبحوث والدراسات, 2024)
يزخر المغرب الإسلامي بنماذج لمدن كان لها دور تاريخي وحضاري، اختلفت أسباب وجودها وعوامل تطورها كالقيروان، وبجاية، وتلمسان، ومراكش، وفاس ....وغيرها، وتعد مدينة سدراتة بالجنوب الشرقي الجزائري نموذجا للمدن الإسلامية التي اختلفت عن النمط المعماري الصحراوي المعروف بالقصور، فجاءت كجوهرة في وسط الرمال، إذ اعتبرت العاصمة الإباضية الثانية بعد سقوط الدولة الرستمية 296ه /909 م بتيهرت، فبعد عطاء دام أكثر من ثلاثة قرون خربت هده المدينة على يد ابن غانية الميورقي سنة 426 / 1236، فهجرها السكان وغطتها الرمال بمرور الزمن، وقد لفتت هذه المدينة أنظار الباحثين الغربيين أثناء الاستعمار الفرنسي فأجريت بها العديد من الحفريات الأثرية على يد كل من الباحث لارجو ، وهارولد تاردي ، وبول بلانشي، وفوشي ، و أخرها حفرية مارغريت فان برشم ، والتي كان من نتائجها العثور على بعض معالم المدينة، والعديد من البقايا الأثرية المتنوعة خاصة القطع الجصية المزخرفة، التي نقل العديد منها إلى متاحف فرنسا، كما وضع جزء منها بالمتحف الوطني للفنون الإسلامية بالجزائر العاصمة، وبالرغم من محاولة بعض الباحثين الجزائريين في السنوات الأخيرة لإجراء بعض الحفريات والبحوث أكاديمية إلا أن أكثرها لم ينشر، والمدينة اليوم تغطيها الرمال كليا، لا يعرفها الجزائريون إلا من خلال المؤرخين. The Islamic Maghreb is full of exemplary of cities that had a historical and cultural role. The reason for their existence and the factors of their development are different, such as Kairaoiane, Bejaia, Tlemcen, Marrakech, Fes … The city of Sedrata in the south east of Algeria is considered as a model of the Islamic cities which differ from the desert architectural style known as Kesour(palaces). It appears as a diamond in the middle of sand. Sedrata was considered the second Ibadi capital after the fall of the state of Rustamid 296 / 909, in Tiaret. After more than three centuries, Sedrata was destroyed by Ibn Ghania Elmaiorgy in 296 / 909. Tts inhabitants abandoned it then it was covered by sand over time. During the French colonialism, Sedrata attracted the attention of Western researchers; many archaeological excavations were conducted by Largeau, Arold Tardy, Paul Blanchet, Faucher and Margierte. The last of which was conducted by Van Berchem who managed to discover some landmarks of the city, many various archaeological remains, especially decorative plaster pieces, many of which were transferred to museums of France. A part of these archaeological was also placed in the national museum of Muslim Art in Algiers- Algeria. Although some Algerian researchers have tried recently to conduct some excavations and carry out some academic research, but most of them havn’t been published. Today, the city is completely covered in sand and the Algerians only know it through Historians.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Sedrata

La khuṭba d’Abū Ḥamza al-Shārī : soulèvement ibāḍite et rhétorique de la contestation en péninsule Arabique au second siècle de l’Islam. Traduction commentée d’une version inédite du sermon - Baptiste, Enki (Al-ʿuṣūr al-wusṭa, The Bulletin of Middle East Medievalists, 2024)
Cet article est une enquête sur la célèbre khuṭba attribuée à Abū Ḥamza al-Shārī. Ce dernier fut chef de guerre ibāḍite pour le compte de ʿAbd Allāh b. Yaḥyā. Il occupa La Mecque et Médine au milieu du iie/viiie siècle à l’issue d’une révolte d’inspiration ibāḍite qui avait démarré dans les zones reculées du Ḥaḍramawt. La khuṭba est bien connue depuis des décennies dans la mesure où des fragments du prêche ont été disséminés dans différentes sources sunnites et shīʿites. Néanmoins, peu de travaux ont, jusqu’à présent, cherché à comprendre le sermon dans son contexte plus large. De même, nous ne disposons d’aucune traduction complète. Cet article se divise en deux parties. La première est consacrée à l’histoire de l’ibāḍisme dans la péninsule Arabique au cours du iie/viiie siècle. Nous proposons des hypothèses explicatives quant aux multiples raisons ayant poussé ʿAbd Allāh b. Yaḥyā à entrer en rébellion contre les Umayyades. Nous offrons également des éléments de commentaire sur la khuṭba, en vue de faciliter sa lecture. La deuxième partie contient la traduction française de la version la plus longue du sermon dont nous disposons et qui se trouve dans une source ibāḍite méconnue composée à Oman au xviiiie siècle
Keywords: Abū Ḥamza al-Mukhtār b. ʿAwf; Kindi, ʿAbd Allāh b. Yaḥyā al-; Révoltes -- Histoire

The conflict between tradition and feminism in Oman (Case study: Al-Tawaf Haith Al-Jamar) - Amin Moghaddasi, Abolhasan; Afzali, Ali; Bigdeli, Narges (Woman in Development & Politics, 2024)
Introduction:The starting point of female criticism coincides with liberation from the linear stereotypes of men's literary history. Feminist literary criticism does not mean to eliminate the differences in the way of writing between women and men, and in this type of criticism, gender differences do not become meaningless, but the purpose of this criticism is to understand women's writing in order to reach a broader perspective of women's reality. In the 19th century, novel writing was considered a purely masculine practice, and mentioning a female novelist caused suspicion, shame, surprise, and misogyny towards the author. The intellectual endeavors of women in less than two hundred years, has opened up new perspectives on human knowledge and raised many important questions. But the astonishing variety and conflict of ideas themselves has become a barrier to understanding how and why they are. Feminist critique examines the role of women in the two axes of the creator of the work (the woman as the writer) and the created personality (the face presented by the woman in the works of the authors). The experience of writing a novel is considered one of the modern literary experiences in the Sultanate of Oman, and its history does not exceed a few decades. The Al-Tawaf Haith Al-Jamar is considered the first women's novel in Oman and its protagonist in life is a kind of victim of patriarchy. The first appearance of women in the field of Omani novel writing took place in 1999 with the novel Al-Tawaf Hayat al-Jamar by Badria Al-Shihhi. Methodology:In this study, the authors try to use the feminist approach and descriptive analytical method to examine the characters of the story and put their actions according to the characteristics of each of the stages of imitation, protest and self-discovery in the classification of feminist criticism and the evolution Identify and analyze them in each of these stages and seek to find answers to these questions: What are the most obvious feminist components in Al-Tawaf Haith Al-Jamar’s novel? Results:Omani novelist Badria Al Shهhhi, in her novel “Al-Tawaf Hayat al-Jamar,” shed light on an important historical stage in the history of her country, which was characterized by the Omani presence in Zanzibar, Africa, and how rebellious movements were raging in several hotspots there, warning of the occurrence of disasters that would cause historical tragedies. In parallel, it monitors a number of social, commercial and economic transformations that interacted and exploded in ways that were not devoid of cruelty and brutality through its characters, which are decorated with contradictions and contradictions. It does not philosophize much in trying to understand the changes that are sweeping it, but rather goes with the waves as if it were part of the movement of the scene with its confusions, strangeness and madness. Badria Al-Shihhi is the first Omani female novelist, and ironically, her first novel is also a feminist novel that, after forty years of silence, steps into the field of literature not to imitate men, but to shout and protest. Widowed at a young age, Zahra finds herself being forced into a hasty marriage to her cousin. Having been conditioned by her family and society to perennially obey society’s diktats, taking destiny into her own hands seems nigh impossible. Her radical decision to do so takes her on the journey of discovery from an Omani village perched atop a mountain to the East African coast. But of more importance than her physical journey through space is her internal one: of how far Zahra has to go to be free from the shackles of discrimination to finally find her place in the world, and what that search for independence holds for her. The findings of the research show that components such as protest, self-expression, violence, suppression of female instinct, taboo breaking have the most contribution in this novel and make it a part of feminist works. Although traces of self-awareness can be seen in this novel, by choosing to isolate the hero, the author has deprived him of reaching the stage of turning inward and self-discovery to find an individual identity and away from any imitation and protest.Conclusion:Al-Tawaf Haith Al-Jamar presents a model of a woman's efforts to liberate herself and not accept outdated patriarchal traditions. The revolution of this woman against the patriarchal society was parallel to the revolution of the African people against the Arabs who invaded their country and took over their lives and property. The author depicts the hardships that this woman endured on the way to achieving her dreams, as well as the financial and life losses that the African people suffered to realize their freedom; It seeks to prove that no freedom comes without a cost. The name he chose for this novel also indicates its content, because tawaf means an endless cycle and sequence that shows the continuation of this struggle. This novel was written in protest against male writing standards and the presentation of a stereotypical image of women, and it prioritized the defense of women's rights and women's idealism. Badria al-Shihhi shows the emergence of self-hiding in a woman named Zohra after enduring the sufferings that have been imposed on her for three decades in her life; shows. A woman whose whole life is described as endless service. Now looking for a range to be heard and seen and discovered; becomes Badria al-Shihhi has used this character as a model for a better and ideal being. In this novel, there is only one woman who is on a ship as a small community and on a path whose limits and end are unclear and all the passengers are men; is in motion The plurality of men in the novel shows the majority of their determining presence in the real society and the fact that there is only one woman among them has a directional and appropriate link with the reality of women being in the minority and describes the society's inferior view of women. Badria al-Shihhi did not accept the silence and description compatible with the environment and used literature as a means to depict the oppression and oppression of women. He leads his protagonist towards self-awareness, but at the end of the novel, by dragging him into isolation and transsexuality, he has deprived him of reaching the stage of turning inward and self-discovery to find an individual identity and away from any imitation and protest.
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

Novità nello scriptorium dei Romani - Pappalardo, Umberto (Minima epigraphica et papyrologica, 2021)
Purchase online the PDF of Novità nello scriptorium dei Romani, Pappalardo, Umberto, 1949- -
Keywords: Archéologie -- Djerba

Prigionia e riscatto: il capitano Gerolamo Roccabruna e la spedizione di Gerba del 1560 - Franca, Barbacovi (Studi trentini. Storia, 2020)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

Ritter Stefan, Ben Tahar Sami (éd.), Studies on the Urban History of Meninx (Djerba). The Meninx Archaeological Project, 2015–2019 (Archäologische Forschungen, 43), Wiesbaden, DAI-Reichert, 2022, 1 vol. 21 × 30, Volume I, 454 p. + 11 pl., 248 fig. n/b et coul., ISBN : 978-3-75200-611-7. - Bejaoui, Fathi (Revue archéologique, 2024)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Djerba; Recension

The concept of symbol in the arts and the problem of communication Artistic identity through Amazigh symbols - Terbeche, Azeddine (Remittances review, 2024)
Keywords: Berbérisme -- Arts

Écrire l’esclavage au féminin : une étude du roman contemporain omanais - Safar, Jihan (Esclavages & Post-esclavages. Slaveries & Post-Slaveries, 2024)
Cet article traite de l’esclavage et du genre dans la fiction contemporaine omanaise écrite par des femmes. Face au vide historiographique et anthropologique sur l’esclavage légal dans la péninsule Arabique, la littérature nourrie par la mémoire permet d’aborder cette question. Elle rend visible des subjectivités d’esclavisé·es ou de leurs descendant·es absentes des récits dominants. Dépassant les polémiques sur l’usage de la production littéraire dans les sciences sociales, l’article considère la littérature comme un point d’entrée anthropologique, politique et économique apte à éclairer les situations concrètes de l’esclavage et du post-esclavage dans la société contemporaine omanaise. Il souligne tout particulièrement les tensions entre l’écriture mémorielle de l’esclavage et les positions de pouvoir et de genre des écrivaines. Il analyse ainsi une double subjectivité : celle des protagonistes femmes dans le roman et celle des romancières. Deux principaux romans omanais examinent l’esclavage dans la sphère intime et privée de la famille, du mariage et de la sexualité : Sayyidāt al Qamar (Les Corps célestes) de Jokha Alharthi et Al ashyā’ layssat fi amākiniha (Things are not in their place) de Huda Hamed (Al Jahouri). Le premier roman aborde frontalement l’esclavage et la traite omanaise qui s’étendait des côtes d’Afrique orientale jusqu’au Baloutchistan ; la concubine Zarifa étant l’un des principaux personnages. Le second roman raconte l’évitement matrimonial entre Amal, une baysara (métissée) et Mohsin, un « Arabe » issu d’une tribu « noble » et « pure ». Dans les deux romans, la question de la race, du genre et de l’origine généalogique s’inscrit au cœur des pratiques matrimoniales, sexuelles et familiales.L’article s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée au sultanat d’Oman en février 2023. Des entretiens en langue arabe ont été conduits avec les deux romancières Jokha Alharthi et Huda Hamed, afin de recueillir leurs discours et leurs perceptions sur le passé colonial, sur l’esclavage et son héritage, sur le rôle de la littérature, sur la réception de leur œuvre par le public local et international ainsi que sur les sources utilisées dans leur production littéraire. D’autres entretiens ont été menés avec des personnalités littéraires, académiques, et des représentants officiels.Dans la première partie de cet article, le roman contemporain est traité comme un matériau permettant de saisir les transformations sociétales dans le sultanat d’Oman en contexte d’esclavage et de post-esclavage, dans une perspective intersectionnelle. En premier lieu, cette partie met en lumière les multiples formes de domination au sein de l’institution du concubinage, soulignant la notion de propriété légale de l’esclave (milk) dans la loi musulmane. Elle montre le cycle de violences sexuelles exercées sur le corps de l’esclave-femme ainsi que les relations complexes entre maître et concubine où se mêlent abus, affection et domination. Elle témoigne aussi des relations prohibées entre la maîtresse et son esclave. Cette première partie indique également comment le roman permet d’évoquer les expériences de genre différenciées parmi les esclaves eux-mêmes, entre les esclaves né·es dans la maison du maître et les esclaves capturé·es qui se remémorent le « voyage ». Une telle distinction informe sur le sentiment d’appartenance à la nation : la loyauté nationale semble plus forte parmi les esclaves né·es dans la maison du maître, notamment les femmes, qu’au sein de la génération capturée, surtout masculine, bien plus rebelle. Le roman contemporain omanais donne l’opportunité, en troisième lieu, de décrire les pratiques post-esclavagistes au sein du mariage, un lieu de reproduction des hiérarchies sociales et raciales. Il évoque le thème des évitements matrimoniaux qui exprime des subjectivités féminines où s’entrecroisent race, genre et lignée. Prenant le cas des bayāsir (métissé.es), le roman omanais révèle que la discrimination ne relève pas de la couleur de peau mais de la généalogie. Si ces romans rendent visibles des trajectoires et des expériences d’esclavisé·es, le positionnement des romancières peut sembler paternaliste, les femmes noires étant souvent associées aux stéréotypes liés à la prostitution et à l’impossibilité pour elles de former une famille stable.La deuxième partie de l’article aborde les modes de narration, les positionnements des romancières omanaises, et la réception controversée de l’œuvre littéraire évoquant l’esclavage. Elle traite des subjectivités et des sources utilisées par les romancières. La place attribuée à l’histoire orale et aux archives dans la construction romanesque est centrale dans l’écriture féminine et mémorielle sur l’esclavage. Des subjectivités racialisées sont également évoquées. À l’inverse des black feminists afro-américaines qui ont écrit des neo-slave narratives, les romancières omanaises ne sont pas issues de communautés afro-arabes descendantes d’esclaves ; elles appartiennent à la classe dominante et « blanche ». Si ces romancières sont accusées de faire le jeu du colonialisme, on leur reproche également d’être son relais. Des attaques féroces ont fusé après l’attribution de prix littéraires (comme celui du Man Booker International Prize 2019 pour Sayyidāt al Qamar de Jokha Alharthi) et la traduction de leur œuvre. Pour les « conservateurs », ces romans montraient les Omanais sous l’angle des colonisateurs ou des esclavagistes. Ainsi, la traduction de ces œuvres a produit des discours locaux autour de l’esclavage et a soulevé de nombreuses polémiques à propos de la mémoire coloniale. Cette fictionnalité vient combler un silence institutionnel, les autorités évitant d’engager un débat national sur l’esclavage qui pourrait nuire à l’image internationale du pays. Au-delà d’un récit national homogène, la fiction contemporaine, essentiellement écrite par des femmes, permet donc de rendre visible l’esclavage dans la péninsule Arabique. Dépassant des visions sur l’esclavage oriental « doux » et « bienveillant », cet article cherche à inscrire celui-ci dans les études sur les histoires globales de l’esclavage.
Keywords: Esclavage -- Oman; Littérature -- Oman

The sustainable potential of the architectural and urban heritage of the Algerian ksour - Souami, Mohamed Adel; Elhaddad, Iheb; Ferhat, Sabrina; Medhouche, Hylda; Mellak, Chamsy; Nebbache, Lynda (Journal of Architectural Conservation, 2024)
This paper aims to assess the sustainability potential of Algerian desert Ksour's architectural and urban heritage. It identifies systems aligning with the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), categorized into formal, spatial organization, and architectonic aspects. The approach correlates Ksour's architectural features with SDGs defined by the International Union of Architects, yielding 40 passive features applicable for achieving SDGs. Notably, features like high windows (architectural) and strategic siting (urban) remain relevant for energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction. This research gives us the opportunity to improve our strategies for rehabilitating and adapting built heritage so that it can meet current environmental challenges, but also opens up the possibility in the future of continuing to identify more sustainable systems by extending the study of heritage examples, but also and above all of developing a reflection on the adaptation of these passive systems in the design of contemporary architectural and urban projects.
Keywords: Architecture -- Mzab

العلاقات العثمانية – العُمانية عشية الانسحاب الإيراني من مدينة البصرة في ضوء وثيقة عثمانية 1193ه/ 1779م - الطراونة, محمد سالم; عبيدات, ميسون منصور; الريامي, علي بن سعيد; خيراني, صلاح (حوليات آداب عين شمس, 2024)
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى كشف النقاب عن وثيقة تاريخية مهمة عثرنا عليها ضمن (دفتر نامه همايون رقم 9-110)، المحفوظ في أرشيف رئاسة الوزراء باستانبول.وهذه الوثيقة هي رسالة همايونية جاءت في إطار المراسلات الثنائية بين السلطان العثماني عبد الحميد الأوَّل (1187-1203ه/ 1774-1789م) وحاكم عُمان الإمام أحمد بن سعيد (1157-1197ه/1744-1783م)؛ لمناقشة الوضع الخطير الناجم عن الاحتلال الإيراني لمدينة البصرة الذي دام ثلاث سنوات، وسُبُل التنسيق المشترك بين عُمان والدولة العثمانية عيشة الانسحاب الإيراني من مدينة البصرةإثر موت كريم خان الزند، وما تلا ذلك من نزاع داخلي على السلطة.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Empire ottoman

“Useful” Knowledge and Moral Education in Zanzibar Between Colonial and Islamic Reform, 1916–1945 - Bolton, Caitlyn (Islamic Africa, 2022)
The introduction of colonial schooling in Zanzibar was aimed at improving economic productivity, drawing on an exchange of educational theory with the American South to ensure a labor supply for the post-emancipation plantation economy. Yet colonial officials faced a key problem: students did not attend, preferring instead to continue studying in Qur’anic schools, institutions roundly derided by colonial officials. To secure attendance, colonial officials engaged local Muslim leaders to create an Islamic studies syllabus. While reflecting transnational Islamic reformist trends, this syllabus ultimately backfired as local parents protested its lack of moral content. Based on research in the Zanzibar National Archives, this article recounts the tensions and overlap between colonial officials, Islamic leaders connected to transnational discourses of reform, and local Muslim parents over what constitutes truly “useful” knowledge. It argues that colonial education was not particularly successful in forming students into the hard-working agricultural subjects it envisioned. It was successful, however, in orienting public institutions towards economic progress, and shifting public discourses on morality and religion to suit that goal.
Keywords: Vie politique -- Zanzibar -- 1911-1960

Escape from Zanzibar: Refugees, Documents, and the Indian Ocean Shipping Regime - Limbert, Mandana E. (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2022)
In January 1964, on the heels of its formal independence from Britain, the East African island of Zanzibar exploded in a violent uprising ousting the Al-Bu Saidi sultan—an Omani by descent—and his primarily “Arab” government. Though early reports of the revolution did not indicate targeted attacks against Arabs, it soon became clear that thousands of Arab-identified residents—settlers—were killed, mostly in rural areas. 1 Others, including some families I came to know during my years in interior Oman, described being separated from their families or being captured and taken to detention camps, where they stayed a week or two before being reunited. Some found their way to these camps in search of relatives, shelter, and food. 2 Decades later, the chaos and violence of that time was recounted to me with unnerving directness. Eventually, thousands of Arabs were deported or fled—to Kenya, Dubai and Abu Dhabi, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Muscat and Oman. Muscat, on the coast of Oman, was the seat of the other Al-Bu Saidi sultan—a cousin of the Zanzibar sultan—who had only recently taken control of “Oman proper,” the territory of the Imamate whose ruler was now in exile in Saudi Arabia having been defeated in a war with the Sultan of Muscat. In the meantime, those leaving Zanzibar required ships and documents.

The Re-globalization Process in the Indian Ocean: the Ibadi Press in Zanzibar (al-Sultaniyya) - Nicolini, Beatrice (Chroniques yéménites, 2022)

القيم التنظيمية في المؤسسات الوقفية الإباضية دراسة وصفية لمؤسسة الإمام للبر والإحسان، القرارة، غرداية Organizational values in the Ibadi endowment foundation, Descriptive study of Imam for righteousness and charity – Gherrara, Ghardaia - إباض, بـهون علي; يمينة, مـختار (مجلة الموروث, 2022)
تشخّص هذه الدراسة الوصفية المفردية واقع المعاش للحقل الميداني محلّ دراستنا، حيث قام الباحثان بجـمع البيانات من خلال الأدوات البحثية المعتمدة، كجلسات المقابلة والملاحظة بالمشاركة، وتحليل المحتوى اللوائح والأنظمة الداخلية، وكانت إشكالية الدراسة كالأتي: ما هي القيم التنظيمية في المؤسسة الوقفية؟، وما مصدرها ؟ كيف تتجسّد عملياً في الواقع ؟ ولقد كشف التشخيص الميداني مدى تأثير العقيدة الإسلامية في أسس انطلاق المؤسسة، وقد كانت جلّية في الأنظمة ولوائح من أجل المحافظة والاستمرار على أدوارها التي انطلقت منها، وللكفاءات القائمة على إدارة المؤسسة التأثير البارز على فعالية القيم في أرض الواقع، من أجل سلامة ونجاعة قيمها التنظيمية، فهي متأثرة بطبيعة المؤسسة ونوعية نشاطها، وحجمها، ولخلفيتها ومنطلقاتها الأيديولوجية والثقافية والعلمية والمجتمعية والجغرافية. وقد صغنا الفرض الآتي: يمكن للمنظّمة الواعية بالشريعة ومقاصدها الكونية، أن تجسّد القواعد الفقهية في فلسفتها الإدارية وتصوغها قيم تنظيمية This descriptive study diagnoses the reality of the study, I collected the data through the approved research tools. The problem was: What is the organizational value in the endowment foundation? its source? How it is applied in reality? The real diagnosis reveals the extent of the influence of the Islamic faith on the basics of the foundation’s start, and it was evident in the regulations to preserve its starting roles. The skilled managers have a great impact on the efficacy of values in reality for its organizational safety; affected by the nature of the foundation, the quality of its activity, its size, its background and its ideological, cultural, scientific, societal and geographic backgrounds. We formulated this hypothesis: the aware organization of the faith and its cosmic purposes can apply the jurisprudential rules in its administrative philosophy and formulate organizational values.
Keywords: Waqf (fondations) -- Mzab

The French Flag in Zanzibar Waters 1860s–1900s: Abolition and Imperial Rivalry in the Western Indian Ocean - Cheriau, Raphaël (The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 2021)

Reading Ibāḍī Women’s Legacies through Stone Town’s Built Environment - Wortmann, Kimberly T. (Islamic Africa, 2021)
This article explores how women of means in nineteenth-century Zanzibar used their built legacies to convey their piety and authority even though they were not active in public religious life. The focus of the study is an old Ibāḍī mosque named after its founder, ‘Aisha bint Jumʻa al-Mughayri, and the tombstone of her younger female relative Muhayra bint Jumʻa al-Mughayri. While the details of the two women’s lives, works and property do not appear prominently in the written record of Zanzibar, this article asks what we can glean about their religious and economic commitments from the built legacies and religious endowments they left behind, as well as from the writings of their male contemporaries, British colonial officials and their descendants. The article also demonstrates how the conservation and upkeep of historic religious institutions in Zanzibar today depends greatly on collaborations between local family members, state institutions and transnational faith-based organizations (fbos).
Keywords: Ibadisme -- Zanzibar

Moving still: Bicycles in Ranchhod Oza’s photographs of 1950s Stone Town (Zanzibar) - Gupta, Pamila (Journal of African Cinemas, 2020)
Stone Town’s busy streets in the 1950s became a set for photographer Ranchhod Oza, proprietor of Capital Art Studio (1930–83). I was aesthetically drawn to the numerous bicycles portrayed in these Zanzibari images, just as Oza had been at an earlier time and place. I am less interested in reading the subject of bicycles as simply a sign of Zanzibari modernity, an accoutrement that projects a fantasy of advancement via technological things. Instead, I focus on their ability to reflect various material aspects of daily life in Stone Town. Some bicycles carry people, others transport things, while still others appear as stage props, leaning up against walls while waiting (im)patiently for their owners to return. Yet in all these Oza images, they are moving still, ready to reach another chosen destination. What does the content of bicycles say about Oza’s photographic style? Can these bicycles potentially speak to Zanzibar’s placeness as a cosmopolitan Indian Ocean port city?

Pray to the Archive: Abstracting History in Zanzibar - Kara, Taushif (International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 2020)
This article explores the problem of reading architecture as archive, with specific reference to the built environment on the island of Zanzibar. The architecture of Stone Town – Zanzibar's urban centre – is often marshalled by scholars as clear evidence of the island's complex and layered histories. This reading, however, tends to lament an erstwhile Indian Ocean cosmopolitanism at odds with both the Zanzibari past and present. In this article, I trace the contours of the island's divergent political and architectural histories and demonstrate how an archival view of architecture can obscure the very past it seeks to recover. I illustrate this tension through one particular case study: the Khoja Jamatkhana in the heart of Stone Town. I then consider the possible futures of archival readings by exploring the limits of both formal analysis and historical context through the work of contemporary artist Zarina Bhimji. If the Jamatkhana points to the restrictive capacity of archival readings of architecture, Bhimji's work opens up the archive itself as a site of abstraction, bringing into sharp relief the intricate relationship between space and history.
Keywords: Architecture -- Zanzibar

‘Siendi’ (I won’t go): concubines’ activism in the abolition of slavery in the Zanzibar Protectorate - McMahon, Elisabeth (Slavery & Abolition, 2020)
Keywords: Esclavage -- Zanzibar

Customs House, Steamers, and the Entrepôt: Zanzibar Trade Infrastructure Circa 1830–1888 - Pawełczak, Marek (African Economic History, 2020)
Keywords: Commerce -- Zanzibar -- 19e siècle

The sixteenth-century Portuguese Suma Oriental and the Arab pilots: A comparative summa orientalis? - Acevedo, Juan (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2022)
Starting from a consideration of Tomé Pires’ 1515 Suma Oriental, this article considers the feasibility, nature, and relevance of a summa orientalis in the form of a Portuguese Early Maritime Corpus. When this corpus is compared with Arabic nautical literature, primarily Ibn Mājid and Sulaymān al-Mahrī, and especially with attention to the technical aspects of their writings, then the desirability of an Indian Ocean Maritime Corpus is envisaged. The centrality and the mediating role of Arab pilots and Arabic nautical literature indicate that the first step is the delimitation of an Arabic Early Maritime Corpus.
Keywords: Navigation -- Oman

From raw materials to finished products: pottery production at Sumhuram (Khor Rori, Sultanate of Oman) - Rizzo, Carlotta; Pagnotta, Stefano; Lezzerini, Marco; Pavan, Alexia; Buono, Giulia (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2022)
The aim of this paper is to analyse the dynamics related to the pottery production in Sumhuram, the easternmost port of call between the Red Sea and the Indian continent along the southern coast of Arabia (second century BC–fifth century AD). Being a rich hub of international trade, receiving and redistributing local products and goods from many different areas, Sumhuram was able to provide for its needs through its own agriculture and a number of local activities, as attested by the presence of kilns and furnaces. Previous studies on the topic have suggested a possible connection between local pottery manufacturing in Sumhuram, and the Hadrami tradition, although kilns have not been found until recently. In 2015 archaeological investigations unveiled the first evidence of such a connection with the discovery of a pottery kiln and some production waste inside the city wall, along with the identification of pottery sherds in the area of the kiln. In order to identify their mineralogical and petrographic composition, thin-section analyses were made on a number of selected sherds. The preliminary results demonstrate that the raw materials used are compatible with a local production. This allows us to describe the different phases of the pottery cycle in Sumhuram as well as the structure of the pottery kiln, which represents an uncommon find in the pre-Islamic archaeology of southern Arabia.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Navigating the Gulf: Aḥmad b. Mājid’s poem on Gulf navigation - Staples, Eric (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2022)
Aḥmad b. Mājid is the most renowned author of Arabic navigational literature. Although he is reported to have come from the southern Gulf port of Julfar, the vast majority of his work focuses on navigating the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, and his compositions contain few details relating to Gulf navigation. The one exception is a short, undated poem describing sailing routes in the Gulf. This paper analyses this unique poem and compares the navigational practices it describes with those in his other navigational works in order better to understand the specific characteristics of Gulf and Indian Ocean navigation in the fifteenth century.
Keywords: Navigation -- Oman

Cross-cultural maritime technological exchange in the first-millennium Indian Ocean - Vosmer, Tom (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2022)
Extensive trade networks in the Indian Ocean generated contact among cultures and spheres of maritime technology across a huge geographical area. Inevitably, these networks resulted not only in exchange of foodstuffs, raw materials, luxury goods, spices, and manufactured goods, but also in cultural and religious concepts and technological knowledge and practices. With the intensity of maritime trade these exchanges engendered the borrowing of shipbuilding designs, materials, and methodologies and generated a certain hybridization of technology, design, and the ways in which ships were conceived. This hybridization is particularly evident in the Belitung and Phanom-Surin ships discovered in Indonesia and Thailand respectively (Flecker 2001; 2008; Jumpron 2019; Wongnai, Jumpron & Premjai 2016). While echoing shipbuilding practices from outside South-East Asia, they also incorporated materials and concepts from South-East Asia, and yet remain distinct from the dominant lashed-lug construction of the region. Using archaeological material from Oman and South-East Asia as well as ethnographic data from the western Indian Ocean, East Africa, India, Oman, Iran, and South-East Asia, this paper explores current archaeological and ethnographic shipbuilding information and raises some questions about the place of Belitung and Phanom-Surin in first-millennium shipbuilding practice.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Explaining the Omani National Counterterrorism Strategy - Albasoos, Hani; Alfarsi, Alanood (Ortadoğu Etütleri, 2021)
The Sultanate of Oman has been consistently able to maintain its stability of security and stay away from the claws of terrorism, increasing the efficiency of its national counterterrorism strategy. This article explores local and international reports that measure Oman’s current terrorism’s status, and the reasons behind Oman’s ability to stay terrorism-free, particularly in light of the ever-increasing number of terrorist attacks and incidents in the Arabian Gulf region and the appearance of terrorist groups in nearby states. This research endeavors to analyze the existing knowledge to clearly understand the Omani approach and strategy in counterterrorism. The data collected for this research are extracted from semi-structured interviews and from policy analyses achieved through observing procedures, reviewing related legislation, and a detailed review of all previously associated policies. This research is exploring how the Sultanate of Oman defines terrorism, examining the elements of the Omani national counterterrorism strategy, and understanding the different phases of the Omani counterterrorism strategy. It recommends that the Sultanate of Oman should maintain a defensive approach to its national counterterrorism strategy to face terrorism and ensure its stability of security.
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 2020-....

The 1852 Centaur Shipwreck: Law, politics and society in the Persian Gulf - Alavi, Seema (Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, 2020)
In 1852, Centaur, a British ship laden with indigo from Bengal, wrecked at Al Khobar off the coast of Muscat in the Persian Gulf. The essay offers the micro-history of the shipwreck to understand the working of law in the Persian Gulf. The many different experiences of individuals impacted by the same mishap but located in different geographical, social and political contexts offers a thick connectedness of things on scales both small and large. The essay brings this more textured optic of micro-history in conversation with the embracive and flexible frame of analysis of Indian Ocean studies to understand the Gulf’s flexible legal terrain and its political implications.

Pre-oil Globalization in a Rural Community: The Late Islamic Village of Sahlat in the Suhar Region - Biezeveld, Irini; Düring, Bleda S. (Journal of Islamic Archaeology, 2020)
This article aims to study whether the increase of agricultural settlements in the Sultanate of Oman during the Late Islamic period (c. 1500-1950) was related to pre-oil globalization, as attested in the wider Gulf region. This is done by analysing the archaeological dataset of the agricultural village of Sahlat, with a focus on the ceramic material, located in the Suhar region. The assemblages collected by the Wadi al-Jizzi Archaeological Project, point to its occupation from c. 1750 to 1930. During this time period, the coastal towns of southeastern Arabia were heavily influenced by globalization processes, but the effects and reach of trade on rural communities remains poorly known. In this paper, Sahlat is compared to two contemporary sites connected to the same falaj system, and two other sites in the Gulf region. The results indicate that pre-oil globalization did not only impact coastal towns, but that rural settlements such as Sahlat experienced similar transformations. It is suggested that pre-oil globalization was not only linked to the pearling trade, but that the export of dates should also be taken into consideration when studying this topic.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Two Legends from Kashf al-Ghumma al-Djamiʿ li-Akhbar al-Umma - Mikulsky, Dmitriy V. (Papers of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS, 2020)
The article deals with the two legends from the main traditional work on the history of Oman (18 c.). The first of the two legends relates the story of appearance of idolatry among human beings, while the second one is dedicated to the adoption of Islam by the people of Oman. The first legend is strongly bound to the written tradition, while the second one is obviously related to the Omanian folklore. The textual fragments that contain the legends are combined by passages belonging to different genres. Among them are to be noticed the remarks made by the Author of the work, which is the evidence of the transformation of the essential tradition, carried out by the Author.

Nuisances et chaos des Vents. Expressions de l’agressivité dans un rite de possession en Arabie orientale - Sebiane, Maho (Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie. Anciennement Cahiers de musiques traditionnelles, 2020)
Pour les Zunûj d’Arabie orientale, le rite de possession ramsat-al-leiwah est une pratique à caractère thérapeutique. Il est supposé guérir les individus des maladies et des tourments infligés par des esprits nommés as-sawâḥili. Ainsi, il n’est pas rare, au cours de ses réalisations, que des actes agressifs soient perpétrés entre esprits de possession, entre participants humains, voire entre esprits et êtres humains. Dans ces situations, les Zunûj utilisent l’expression arabe rabsha pour qualifier ces actes répréhensibles. Ce terme renvoie simultanément à deux significations : la nuisance et le chaos. Or, de leur point de vue, il est essentiel que tous – humains et esprits – observent entre eux une attitude respectueuse et sans hostilité. Cela s’accorde avec le caractère festif recherché pour le bon déroulement du rite, d’autant plus que, pour être considéré comme réussi, il doit s’achever dans la bonne entente et l’harmonie entre tous les participants humains et les esprits. C’est à partir d’un exemple extrait d’une réalisation de ce rite datant de 2009 au Sultanat d’Oman que cet article propose d’explorer les expressions de l’agressivité en contexte rituel en se fondant sur une micro-analyse de l’engagement des différents acteurs et de leurs interactions.
Keywords: Croyances populaires -- Oman

Revisiting Omani Legacy in Malaya through the Royal Kedah Dress: Reassessment - Mansor Majdin, Mohamad Firdaus; Osman, Rahmah Ahmed H.; Fathil, Fauziah; Yaapar, Md. Salleh; Zuheimi, Saleh al- (Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 2022)
This paper seeks to examine the legacy of the Omani presence in the states of Malaysia, which arguably has made itself apparent in the royal dress of the Kedah Sultanate. This discovery indeed calls for further investigation, especially on how the Omani dress later became a model for Kedah royal dress which is famously known as Baju Muskat. Further analysis is essential to determine to what extent did the Kedah Sultanate adopted the Omani dress of the Muscati style and what aspects of the Kedah royal dress resemble the Omani dress substantially. Preliminary research indicates that there are few similarities that one can find between the Omani dress with that of the Kedah royal dress, which is said to be worn by the latter since the 17th century. Reading through the existing literature in the field also reveals one interesting picture that points to the underrepresentation of Omani individuals, merchants, and scholars in the Malay texts as the former tends to describe them, often as Arab traders, or Persian traders. In short, this paper has attempted to explore and examine the above-mentioned circumstances for a better understanding of the subject matter under study through a method of content analysis. Keywords: Well-being, Happiness, Subsistence, Ethical Principles, Arab-Muslim Thought
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Malaisie

Pronominalization and clitic doubling in Syrian and Omani Arabic - Hallman, Peter; Balushi, Rashid al- (Linguistics, 2022)
Abstract This article treats cliticization of a pronoun to a syntactic host and doubling of the clitic pronoun with a non-pronominal counterpart in Syrian and Omani Arabic. Although the two varieties are closely related and the morphological paradigms they display are very similar, the pronominalization and clitic pronoun doubling patterns they display are quite different. We trace this difference to a basic difference in whether the relevant syntactic processes are sensitive to intervention effects in the two dialects, with the result being that the restrictiveness of pronominalization and clitic pronoun doubling patterns parallel the restrictiveness of basic word order patterns – whether double-object constructions are ‘symmetric’ or ‘asymmetric’ – with Syrian being the more restrictive of the two varieties.
Keywords: Linguistique

The Omani Experience of Multi-religious Coexistence and Dialogue: A Historical Approach to the Omani Principles and its Luminous Examples - Maawali, Al Muatasim Said Saif al- (Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 2021)
In a world that is increasingly hostile towards religious minorities, this paper tries to set a modern-day, successful example of multi-religious coexistence and interfaith dialogue. The paper examines historical examples derived from Omani history and explores Omani characteristics by surveying Western reports written by missionaries, visitors, and travellers of different religions in Oman. This is meant to demonstrate the hypothesis that the multi-religious coexistence and interfaith dialogue enjoyed today by the nearly fourmillion Omani population is a natural result of a long history of commitment to ‘Omani values’ and principles, practised by Oman’s Ibāḍī population with their fellow nonMuslims. The paper concludes that there is a strong correlation between the ‘Omani values’ recorded by the Western writers and the ongoing deeply rooted Omani experience of peaceful religious coexistence and interfaith dialogue. These ‘Omani values’ include the principles of tolerance, social justice, mutual respect, friendliness, hospitality, and simplicity. Finally, owing to the increasingly rising tensions between adherents of different religions, the paper recommends that such successful Omani experiences should be exported to other countries in the Muslim world and elsewhere.
Keywords: Tolérance religieuse -- Oman

Land Use Dynamics and Mobility Patterns in Muscat Capital Area:Insights from a Detailed Study of Al-Ghubra North - Nebel, Sonja; Didero, Maike; Pfaffenbach, Carmella (Journal of Arabian Studies, 2021)
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Oman

Symbiosis and Revolution: The Soviet Encounter with the War in Dhofar - Casula, Philipp (Contemporary European History, 2021)
This article discusses how the Soviet Union perceived and related to Middle Eastern revolutionary movements, using a case study from South Yemen and the War in Dhofar. This specific Soviet encounter will be analysed through selected Soviet material from published and archival sources. The article highlights how Soviet representatives assessed prospects for socialism in Yemen, and how they interacted with their partners on the ground. The article is divided into three parts: the first discusses the theoretical debates in Soviet academia and the press, the second section contrasts these theoretical views with Middle Eastern ‘socialist’ theories during the Cold War and the third shows how a symbiosis developed between Soviet and Yemeni institutions and organisations. The article argues that due to an Orientalist take on South Yemen and Dhofar, the Soviet side could not appreciate the political importance and potential of socialist currents in the region, reducing cooperation to ‘pragmatism’.
Keywords: Dhofar

The rise and ruin of a medieval port town: A reconsideration of the development of Julfar - Carter, Robert Andrew; Zhao, Bing; Lane, Kevin; Velde, Christian (Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 2020)
Abstract Julfar was a major port town of the Persian Gulf during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries AD. A possession of the Hormuzi empire, it was a lucrative source of taxes and pearls, and a port of trade for northern Oman, tapping into maritime trading networks connecting the Middle East with Africa, India, Southeast Asia and China. The site is found north of modern Ras Al‐Khaimah, UAE. Julfar Al‐Nudud was previously considered to be a late suburb of an urban core, Julfar Al‐Mataf, and is located on a creek opposite the latter. However, excavations in 2010 indicated that Al‐Nudud was part of the original urban core, which had grown up on either side of the creek. Moreover, re‐examination of previous work in Al‐Mataf, where a large mosque and fortification were excavated (by British and French teams), shows that the two areas followed different trajectories. Significant occupation in Al‐Nudud and southern Al‐Mataf (revealed by previous Japanese excavations) ended before the start of the sixteenth century, while use of the mosque and fort in central Al‐Mataf continued into the seventeenth century, albeit discontinuously. A revised concordance of the phases derived from the work of various archaeological teams is therefore proposed.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Exploring Arab and Western visitors’ interpretive experiences at an Omani heritage site: does one size fit all? - Almuhrzi, Hamed; Hughes, Karen; Ballantyne, Roy (Journal of Heritage Tourism, 2020)
Keywords: Tourisme -- Oman

The Foundation, Development and Future of the Omani Rentier State: From the Dhofar War to Vision 2040 - Due-Gundersen, Nicolai; Owtram, Francis (Chroniques yéménites, 2022)

Demonstratives in Musandam Arabic: Distinctive Archaisms and Innovations - Anonby, Erik; Bettega, Simone; Procházka, Stephan (Arabica, 2022)
Abstract This study introduces and analyzes proximal and distal singular demonstratives in fourteen varieties of Musandam Arabic, a little-documented dialect group located on Musandam Peninsula in northern Oman and neighbouring areas of the United Arab Emirates. Following an overview of the dialect group in its regional context, the study provides a description of singular demonstratives from the point of view of phono-logy, morphology, and geographical distribution. The study then focuses on two salient features found in several of the varieties under investigation: gender distinction based on consonantal alternation ( d -based masculine forms vs t -based feminine forms); and gemination of the feminine t -element. While the former is attested, albeit rarely, in other Arabic dialects, the latter is unheard of. In the last section of the article, some hypotheses are put forward as to how these forms could have developed from a historical point of view, in light of data from different Arabic and Semitic varieties. While the gemination of the t -element is best regarded as a Musandam-internal innovation, the d : t consonantal alternation reinforces the putative historical link between south-western Arabia and Oman.
Keywords: Linguistique -- Oman

Co-designing the pedestrian revolution in Muscat - De Siqueira, Gustavo; Balushi, Amal al- (City, Territory and Architecture, 2020)
Abstract Rapid growth coupled with the prevailing land allocation system in Oman led to a shift from compact dwellings typologies to detached single-family houses, arranged in monofunctional zoning systems that exclusively rely on cars. Due to the sprawled transformation, authorities are unable to provide new neighborhoods with basic infrastructure and attractive open spaces. Consequently, the level of non-communicable diseases is increasing, making urban regeneration programs promoting active lifestyles in built environments a matter of public health. In our research we explore participative-planning strategies to enhance pedestrian activity within existing neighborhoods and regenerate public spaces. We conducted a quantitative survey using a standard walkability scale and physical maps to identify barriers to pedestrian activity. Subsequently, we employed the data to frame culturally sensitive co-creation workshops, gaining in-depth knowledge to guide future redesign proposals. We found that mosques are walking magnets yet engender contrasting views with regard to walkability; finding solutions to the spatial problems could develop them into walkable cores. We also observed that residents were aware of health problems caused by lack of physical activity and how that links with the built environment they inhabit. They were eager to discuss solutions, including alternative governance models, as long as the process was short and produced immediate small interventions with high-level impact on their surroundings. We employed a fine-grained combination of methods to address site-specific challenges. Its quantitative data allows the insertion in a broader discourse and the linkage to a large body of research in walkability. Co-creation workshops, especially city games, proved to be a powerful tool to initiate dialogue on complex spatial negotiation, even in societies where participatory approaches do not have a well-established tradition.
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Oman

A Corpus of Illuminated Qurʾāns from Coastal East Africa - Hirji, Zulfikar A. (Journal of Islamic Manuscripts, 2023)
This article examines a little-known corpus of illuminated Qurʾān manuscripts that were produced between ca. 1750–ca. 1850 in the Swahili city-states of Pate, Siyu, and Faza on Pate Island in the Lamu archipelago (Kenya). Now dispersed in collections in Kenya, Tanzania, Oman, the UK, and the USA, the manuscripts have many distinctive features: decorative frontispieces, sūra titles, basmalas, and division and prostration markers; locally developed Arabic script styles; colophons containing names of copyists and completion dates; endowment dedications; northern Italian-made paper; and, blind-stamped, leather covers. The list of known manuscripts presented in the appendix is aimed at encouraging the identification, digitization, and study of other manuscripts in the corpus. The study of their content, materiality, and contexts of production can advance scholarship on the histories of Islamic manuscript production in coastal East Africa and provide comparative material for manuscript studies in other regions of Eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean.
Keywords: Manuscrits -- Zanzibar

Ship graffiti at the Zanzibar Gereza (Old Fort), Stone Town, Unguja, Tanzania - Cooper, John P.; Ghidoni, Alessandro (Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 2022)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Zanzibar

Security in the Gulf: The View from Oman - Bahgat, Gawdat (Middle East Policy, 2023)
For a long time, analysts of the Middle East have justifiably focused their attention on Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, three Gulf states holding massive hydrocarbon deposits and financial resources. Their leaders are the main “movers and shakers” of regional affairs and enjoy tremendous influence on the international scene. Still, other Gulf states play significant roles in shaping the Middle East's economic and strategic landscape. Such is the case with Oman, which has been a major US ally in most regional crises and has played a crucial role in mediating Gulf conflicts. This article, based on several visits to the sultanate and interviews with senior officials, analyzes the domestic, regional, and international dynamics being navigated by Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, who succeeded Sultan Qaboos bin Said in January 2020. The argument is that the new Omani leader is likely to follow the domestic and foreign policies of his predecessor, with minor adjustments. Oman may witness major changes when Crown Prince Theyazin succeeds his father. For now, given the crucial role Muscat plays in mediating regional conflicts, the sultanate expects more attention from its counterparts in Washington.
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Oman: Recent Developments in the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and of Women - Kanchana, Radhika (Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online, 2023)
Abstract This survey is a review listing some key legislative and executive measures of the government of Oman in the year 2021–2022, which have relevance to mainly the rights of the migrant workers. Further, and in less detail, this survey also refers to some of the developments pertinent to the rights of women living in Oman. However, more generally these rights are less relevant to women who are not Omani nationals. Oman is a member country of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The GCC comprises six states in the Arab-Gulf region: Oman, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. These oil-producing states have a significant proportion of foreign workforce in the population. Foreign workers work mostly in the private sector and are also residents in the host countries. At 46.5 per cent, Oman has a relatively lower proportion of migrants in its population among the GCC members (UN DESA, 2020). Therefore, a broader spectrum of governments’ measures relating to the issues like labour, entry and residence, and ownership of property or business touch the lives of the foreign/migrant workers or expatriates in the Gulf country. Governments’ initiatives targeting domestic workers are relevant also for women because they comprise the majority in this group. The survey notes that most of the governmental activity in Oman in the past year largely concern new laws or amendments of the existing legislation and regulations linked to labour and residency matters. Some of the more relevant ones that the survey has selected here confirms this. It also marks the period post the pandemic, which had posed considerable economic challenge for the government. Hence, as also some neighbouring Gulf countries, Oman has shown a balance of measures. On the one hand, to revive its economic dynamism and competitiveness by facilitating more ease and benefits to attract and retain foreign labour and investment in the country. On the other hand, with measures such as increased nationalization effort and support expressly favouring the national workforce to boost their more active participation in the labour market. The new labour law declared by the Omani government and its signing of the Maritime Labour Convention are a few notable highlights. The survey has essentially drawn on the government’s documents and announcements as available in English or translated text, in addition to information in the press and other relevant sources.

China against US Imperialism in the Arabian Sea: The Case of Oman - Matar, Linda; Kadri, Ali (Middle East Critique, 2023)
When Oman joined China’s Belt and Road Initiative to pursue economic diversification, the US intervened to stop it. Although the foundation stone for Chinese investment plans was laid in 2017, these projects were put on hold, while the US rushed to bolster its military presence in Oman. The article studies Chinese investment in Oman, accounts for what has developed so far, and highlights the reasons for which the US acted to stem the potential of non-oil development in Oman. The disruption of the China-Oman diversification project resembles the US’s targeting of China’s policy of expansion by mutual cooperation elsewhere, but with a twist: Oman sits close to two vital chokepoints, the Bab Al-Mandeb and the Hormuz straits. The article argues that such obstruction is central to the US’s mode of accumulation by militarism. Keeping Oman from auto-developing and building its autonomy makes of it a pliable client state ready to serve as an imperialist post to empire.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Chine

Oman - Wigley, Thomas (Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online, 2023)
Keywords: Droit -- Oman

Strategic Belonging: Hindu Identity and Performance in Oman - Mehta, Sandhya Rao (Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 2022)
This study focuses on the multiple ways in which the Hindu community in Oman negotiates its religious identity in an Islamic country by strategically using its historic mercantile relations with the ruling families, maximising the use of public-private spaces, and creating and participating in transnational networks as ways to cope with state restrictions. Using Vertovec’s notion of ‘complexifying complex diasporas,’ this study examines how Hindus, while being publicly ‘invisible,’ have been able to possess a continuing cultural platform which is leveraged to acquire opportunities for religious performance. However, challenges to such strategic belonging have been rising rapidly with the rise of right wing Hindu ideology within and outside India. The repercussions of the establishment of a Hindu state in India on its diaspora, particularly in an officially Muslim country, are rife with challenges. Alternative strategies may have to be explored by the community to assert its identity and religious practices, as well as secure its future in Oman.

Assimilating the Heterogeneity of Migrant Populations through a National Past: Transforming a Shiʿa Minority Community in Post-Nationalist Oman - Sachedina, Amal (Anthropological Quarterly, 2022)
Scholarship on the Arab Gulf region often links heritage production with technologies of state pedagogy in its efforts to fix the spatial boundaries of a nation and entrench authoritarian rule. Yet, such a modular explanation ignores pressing questions regarding how statist narratives domesticate heterogeneous populations and regulate social difference. This paper explores the ways in which official accounts of the historical past have interpellated the material traces of diasporic communities, specifically the enclave of a minority community in Oman, the al-Lawati with links to the Sind region of the Indian sub-continent. The Sur al Lawati, a fortified residential enclosure of the Al Lawati community, draws from Gujarati traditional architecture rather than the surrounding Muscat cityscape. The sur (enclosure) has been mobilized as a token of the nation's pluralist history as an Indian Ocean trading power. This is consistent with Oman's expanding culture industry, which since the 1970s has generated history-making practices to sediment a homogenous Arab and general Islamic identity. However, using archival and ethnographic research, I argue that the enclave's material presence has presided over the complexities of a more entangled history in which the boundaries of this community of merchants and retailers have been reconfigured over the course of the 20th century. The very act of incorporating the sur and its residents into the history of a national people is grounded on the one hand in celebrating a cosmopolitan past as a sea-faring nation that traversed the Indian Ocean waters. On the other hand, it is also tethered to a sense of the past shaped by such categories as the "Arab tribe" and a "generic Islam" Both histories become an exercise of selectivity. They involve gaps, disjunctures, and diversity at the core of what passes as a unifying history of a sovereign nation.

The Maritime Silk Road: Implications for Oman’s Foreign Policy - Tekir, Gökhan (Ortadoğu Etütleri, 2022)
This study seeks to analyze the implications of Oman’s participation in the Maritime Silk Road, which is the maritime component of the Belt and Road Initiative, announced in 2013 by the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping. Sultan Qaboos has transformed Oman from an isolated and backward country to an active political mediator in the region. Oman’s neutral stance and diplomatic connections with every political actor in the region differentiate Oman from the rest of the Gulf countries. Geographically, Oman is situated in the intersection of the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Historically, Oman ruled South Asian and East African coasts, extending its influence. The geographical position and historical legacy make Oman as a key country for the Maritime Silk Road. Thus, participation of Oman in the Belt and Road Initiative is invaluable in the eyes of the Chinese policymakers. Omani policymakers, who want to diversify Oman’s economy, welcome Chinese investments. However, increasing Chinese involvement in Oman’s economy might harm Oman’s sovereignty because of Chinese practice of using debts as exerting pressure on the lending states’ sovereignty. Moreover, the intensified competition between the USA and China in the Indian Ocean could compromise Oman’s neutral stance. Yet, Sultan Qaboos’ legacy is followed by Omani policymakers. While benefiting Chinese economic investments, Oman performs balancing acts against China.
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Oman - Wigley, Thomas (Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online, 2022)
Keywords: Droit -- Oman

Fulayj: a Sasanian and early Islamic fort in the Sohar hinterland - Priestman, Seth (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2023)
Until 2018 knowledge of al‑ʿUlā County’s archaeology had been limited to a few key sites. Since then, an extensive archaeological landscape survey has been conducted on behalf of the Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) across a large area (3302 km2) centred in and around the al‑ʿUlā valley (excluding the oasis and the key heritage sites of Dadan, Ḥegrā (al‑Ḥijr), Qurḥ (al‑Mābiyāt), and Old Town), as a part of the broader Identification and Documentation of Immovable Heritage Assets (IDIHA) survey. The IDIHA project aims to identify heritage assets in advance of the anticipated increase in visitors and facilitate further research. Data collected through remote sensing and ground recording of sites has been integrated into a customized heritage geodatabase. Over 16,000 sites have been recorded in the main al‑ʿUlā valley over three years by the ground survey, demonstrating an intensive occupation of the area from the Palaeolithic through to the present, including a rich range of domestic, agro-pastoral (including water management), funerary, defensive, ritual/religious, infrastructure/transport, productive and hunting sites, as well as communication/artistic (rock art and inscriptions — the largest category in terms of overall numbers of sites). In parallel with the survey, targeted excavations explored a selection of mostly late prehistoric sites and feature types in order to develop an understanding of the chrono-cultural development of the landscape, adding considerable data to our knowledge of the archaeology of north-western Arabia.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Petrographic and geochemical analyses of pottery from Wadi Tanuf, Oman: Approaching pottery production in south‐eastern Arabia during the second and first millennia BCE - Miki, Takehiro; Kuronuma, Taichi; MacDonald, Brandi L.; Glascock, Michael D.; Kondo, Yasuhisa (Archaeometry, 2024)
Abstract This study describes the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of pottery collected from Mugharat al‐Kahf and WTN02 in Wadi Tanuf, north‐central Oman, to clarify interregional similarities and differences in pottery production techniques and examine the existence of interregional trade in pottery with respect to changes in mobile communities. Potsherds from these sites were characterised using thin‐section petrography and instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results revealed that several clay fabrics and tempers were used during the Wadi Suq period (2000–1600 BCE). A region‐wide similarity exists in pottery‐making techniques in terms of the tempering of specific minerals (Oman ophiolite) used in the Early Iron Age (1300–300 BCE). Geochemical results indicate differences in clay sources between the Wadi Suq period and the Early Iron Age in Wadi Tanuf and the unlikelihood of the interregional trade of domestic pottery.
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Breaking the Strategic Glass: The Carter Administration and Oman, 1977–1980 - White, John Bernell, Jr. (Journal of Cold War Studies, 2024)
When Jimmy Carter became the U.S. president in January 1977, the United States and Oman did not have any formal security arrangements, apart from occasional landings of U.S. military aircraft on Oman's Masirah Island. Although Oman's leader, Sultan Qaboos bin Said, hoped to establish closer security ties with the United States, the Carter administration chose to continue President Richard Nixon's policy of relying on the “twin pillars” of Iran and Saudi Arabia to reinforce Western security in the Persian/Arabian Gulf region. Oman remained mostly a strategic afterthought until a series of crises unfolded in the greater Middle East: a Communist coup in Afghanistan in April 1978, the fall of the Shah of Iran in January 1979, and a war between Marxist South Yemen and North Yemen shortly thereafter. In November 1979, Iranian terrorists backed by the Islamic regime stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran and seized dozens of hostages. This was followed a month later by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. With the fall of the Shah and the collapse of the “twin pillars” policy, the Carter administration began a sustained effort to create a Rapid Deployment Force for the Middle East and to gain access to Oman's strategic military facilities. After several months of arduous negotiations, Carter and his team were able to conclude a Facilities Access Agreement with Oman in June 1980, a transformative process that gave Washington the ability to insert U.S. military personnel into the Gulf and Indian Ocean on a contingency basis. The Carter administration's effort stands as a significant achievement, converting Oman into the most reliable U.S. ally in the Gulf region in the 1980s.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Etats-Unis

Boats, horses, and moorings: maritime activities at al-Balīd in the medieval period - Ghidoni, Alessandro; Pavan, Alexia (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2022)
The importance of the medieval city of al-Balīd and its harbour was mentioned in many different sources, and mirrored by a large number of finds and pottery that confirm a primary role of the port as a pivotal hub in Indian Ocean trade during the pre-modern Islamic period (tenth–fifteenth century AD). This paper will examine maritime activities at al-Balīd from a different perspective, combining recent data from the study of ship timbers discovered at the site with the archaeological record, along with evidence of possible harbour facilities. The study of the ship timbers has provided invaluable information about the technology, size, material, type, and function of the watercraft involved in the trade at al-Balīd. The reuse of these timbers in a terrestrial context also alludes to a variety of activities carried out at the site, such as boatbuilding, maintenance, repair, and salvaging. Collectively, this data yields useful insights into the relationship between the different vessels operating at al-Balīd and the structure of the site itself, mainly in connection with one of the most lucrative commercial activities at the port city — the trade of Arabian horses.
Keywords: Navigation -- Oman

Storytelling an eco-Islamic future/past: Oral tradition(s), environmentalism and personal responsibility in the Omani public sphere - Curtis, Maria F. (Performing Islam, 2022)
During the global COVID-19 pandemic, the Omani government relied heavily on circulating information and entertainment through multiple forms of social media to keep citizens informed and to promote social distancing. This study explores the 2021 Ramadan Instagram campaign created by Be’ah, the Oman Environmental Services Holding Company, which blended performance genres and Omani traditional storytelling. This case study examines ‘multiplex’ hybrid styles of verbal art that mirrored governmental policy and practice across social media and created a forum where citizens discussed identity, national heritage and what it means to be eco-conscious. A central question in this research concerns the possibilities for social media as a space to communicate, preserve and archive local linguistic diversity and vernacular performative genres.

The Fading of Yearnings for Liberation and Passage When the Bet on Love Is Lost: A Study of the Memoirs and Letters of an Arabian Princess - El-Fakki El-Bashir, Abdalla (Hawwa, 2020)
This paper presents a study of the memoirs and letters of Princess Sālima bt. Saʿīd (d. 1922), whose father, Saʿīd b. Sulṭān (d. 1856), was the ruler of Oman and Zanzibar from 1832 to 1856. One hundred and fifty years ago, the princess entered into a relationship with a young German man, Rudolph Ruete. After the princess fell pregnant, putting her in conflict with the stipulations of her Islamic religion, she decided to elope with her lover and to bet on him. The paper argues that the princess was a revolutionary woman in opposition to traditional Zanzibari culture, and that her story highlights clearly the issue of women and the crisis of freedom in Arab and Islamic culture during that time.
Keywords: Littérature -- Zanzibar

Operation Intradon in the Musandam,1970-1971: what this counterinsurgency operation says about British military operations in the Arabian Gulf - Yates, Athol; Hughes, Geraint (Small Wars & Insurgencies, 2022)
Keywords: Dhofar

Power, Narrative, and Magical Realism in Hudā Ḥamad’s Sindrīllāt Masqaṭ - Aljomaa, Mervat (Journal of Arabic Literature, 2023)
This article examines the narrative and literary techniques employed in Hudā Ḥamad’s Sindrīllāt Masqaṭ to draw on Omani women’s experiences of writing and speaking as sources of empowerment and narrative identity. Marking a shift from the dominant realistic and historical fiction often associated with male writers, Ḥamad experiments with magical realism, the carnivalesque, intertextuality, and metafiction to reconfigure the novelistic genre beyond the national prescriptions of literary production. Through the voice of the narrator, alongside the voices of other ordinary women, the novel underscores the significance of women’s symbolic practices within the societal and cultural boundaries of Oman. In an allegory of writing—a major thread running throughout the novel—the narrator/writer seeks to combine the composite, multiple, and fictional fragments of various women’s stories into a single readable text that preserves oral and cultural memory. Thus, on the one hand, this article explores the writer’s experimentation with narrative and storytelling within the context of the Omani literary tradition. On the other hand, it examines modes of women’s empowerment that work through articulative and enunciative practices in the face of linguistic frustration.
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

The Omani Prince in the Search for Protectors. Abdulaziz bin Said’s Struggle for Power and Money in the Time of Growing British Dominance in the Indian Ocean Region - Żbik, Sebastian (Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, 2022)
Abdulaziz Al-Busaidi was the younger son of the Omani ruler Said bin Sultan. He devoted all his life to gain power and secure a source of income for himself. To achieve this, he formed alliances and sought powerful protectors. Among them were the British who supported him for almost fifty years, both as a potential heir to the thrones of Oman and Zanzibar and as a tool in their imperial policy. Although Abdulaziz’ political projects failed because of the British and his inability to cooperate with prospective allies, his actions greatly affected the history of Oman and Zanzibar in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Royaume-Uni

Archaeobotanical analysis of food and fuel procurement from Fulayj fort (Oman, 5th-8th c. CE) including the earliest secure evidence for sorghum in Eastern Arabia - Dabrowski, Vladimir; Bouchaud, Charlène; Tengberg, Margareta; Zazzo, Antoine; Priestman, Seth (Journal of Arid Environments, 2021)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Oman

Documenting the most widely utilized plants and the potential threats facing ethnobotanical practices in the Western Hajar Mountains, sultanate of Oman - Hatmi, Saif al-; Lupton, Darach A. (Journal of Arid Environments, 2021)

Evaluating the Resonance of Official Islam in Oman, Jordan, and Morocco - Sheline, Annelle R. (Religions, 2021)
Acts of political violence carried out by Muslim individuals have generated international support for governments that espouse so-called “moderate Islam” as a means of preventing terrorism. Governments also face domestic skepticism about moderate Islam, especially if the alteration of official Islam is seen as resulting from external pressure. By evaluating the views of individuals that disseminate the state’s preferred interpretation of Islam—members of the religious and educational bureaucracy—this research assesses the variation in the resonance of official Islam in three different Arab monarchies: Oman, Jordan, and Morocco. The evidence suggests that if official Islam is consistent with earlier content and directed internally as well as externally, it is likely to resonate. Resonance was highest in Oman, as religious messaging about toleration was both consistent over time and directed internally, and lowest in Jordan, where the content shifted and foreign content differed from domestic. In Morocco, messages about toleration were relatively consistent, although the state’s emphasis on building a reputation for toleration somewhat undermined its domestic credibility. The findings have implications for understanding states’ ability to shift their populations’ views on religion, as well as providing greater nuance for interpreting the capacity of state-sponsored rhetoric to prevent violence.

Community-led initiatives for the rehabilitation and management of vernacular settlements in Oman: a phenomenon in the making - Naima, Benkari (Built Heritage, 2021)
Once abandoned for more than three decades, vernacular settlements in Oman are now being progressively reinvested in to foster the country’s heritage tourism sector. The present research focuses on the emerging phenomenon of community-led initiatives for vernacular heritage rehabilitation and adaptive reuse in Oman. Through an examination of three case studies, its aim is to describe this process and its modes of action and discuss its effects on vernacular settlement transformations. A mixed research methodology was designed to include (A) analyses of relevant primary and secondary data, (B) documented onsite observations, (C) interviews with local community representatives and key players in the operations of rehabilitation, and (D) extractions and analyses of quantitative data from a hotel booking website. The research sheds light on unsuspected interrelations within and between the projects being implemented in these settlements and their operating modes. It reveals the focal role of a local community in a kind of ‘bottom-up’ management of its built heritage, coupled with a ‘horizontal cooperation’ between the three initiatives studied in this research. Moreover, it shows that a heavily centralised and top-down policy for the field of heritage conservation and management is among the main obstacles that hinder such initiatives. Furthermore, community-led operations of vernacular heritage rehabilitation are being undertaken under insufficient regulations in terms of land use, building restoration and adaptive reuse. In this context, the paper discusses some of the serious threats and concerns faced by such initiatives and proposes actionable solutions to mitigate these hindrances.
Keywords: Monuments -- Oman

Functions and Uses of Active and Passive Participial Forms in Al-'Awābī District Vernacular of Northern Oman - Morano, Roberta (Al-ʿArabiyya: Journal of the American Association of Teachers of Arabic, 2020)
This article investigates the use and functions of the active and passive participial forms in the Omani vernacular spoken in al-'Awābī district, in al-Bāṭina region of northern Oman. This dialect was first described by Carl Reinhardt in 1894. No sections of his work, however, deal with the analysis of functions of participial forms in the dialect, although they are common in his texts. The data presented in this article aim to show the uses of the active participle in the everyday speech of my participants living in al-'Awābī district and the different syntactic and semantic functions it conveys. The syntactic functions of the participle in Arabic linguistics has long been debated since it is neither completely a verbal form nor a nominal. This article fits into this discussion as it brings new data and analysis of active and passive participles in Arabic dialectology with regard to the Omani vernacular spoken in al-'Awābī district.
Keywords: Linguistique -- Oman

“bi-ḥaddihi wa-ḥudūdihi" - remarks on three water sale contracts from Balad Sīt, a mountain oasis in northern Oman - Hoffmann-Ruf, Michaela (Nouvelles Chroniques du Manuscrit au Yémen, 2020)

Kinship and a counter‐hegemonic social order: former revolutionaries in southern Oman - Wilson, Alice (Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2020)
Les réinterprétations critiques des travaux en anthropologie de la parenté ont remis en question les idées antérieures selon lesquelles les relations de parenté reflètent et reproduisent un ordre social dominant. Pourtant, les études consacrées aux nouvelles formes de parenté tendent à montrer que celles‐ci peuvent reproduire des idées traditionnelles concernant la famille, les valeurs et les hiérarchies sociales. Pour résister aux tendances actuelles liant la parenté à une reproduction sociale conservatrice, une piste prometteuse est la meilleure compréhension des circonstances dans lesquelles les relations de parenté reproduisent un ordre social anti‐hégémonique. Parmi les anciens militants du mouvement de libération révolutionnaire, aujourd'hui vaincu, de Dufar, dans le sultanat d'Oman, les pratiques de parenté visualisent des réseaux et relations entre anciens combattants qui transgressent les hiérarchies tribales, ethniques, raciales et genrées dominantes. Ces pratiques montrent comment, même dans les circonstances peu propices de la défaite politique et de la marginalisation, les relations de parenté peuvent reproduire un ordre social anti‐hégémonique, tout en offrant une rémanence sociale à la révolution vaincue.
Keywords: Dhofar

Contemporary Pastoralism in the Dhofar Mountains of Oman - Ball, Lawrence; MacMillan, Douglas; Tzanopoulos, Joseph; Spalton, Andrew; Hikmani, Hadi al-; Moritz, Mark (Human Ecology, 2020)
In the Dhofar Mountains of Oman stakeholders are concerned about the social and ecological sustainability of pastoralism. In this study we used interviews with pastoralists to examine the prevailing drivers of pastoralism and how they are changing. We find that people are committed to pastoralism for sociocultural reasons but also that this commitment is under pressure because of husbandry costs and changing values. We find that capital investment in feedstuff enables pastoralists to overcome the density-dependent regulation of livestock populations. However, high production costs deter investment in marketing and commercialization, and there is little off take of local livestock. Our study reveals how pastoral values, passed down within households, motivate pastoralists in the face of high husbandry costs, modernization and social change.
Keywords: Nomadisme -- Oman

Oman : une politique de logement pour forger un État-nation moderne - Klinger, Thibaut (Naqd, 2020)
En 1970, Qābūs devient sultan d’Oman par un coup d’Etat qui renverse son père avec l’appui des Britanniques, principalement en vue de moderniser le pays : cette politique est qualifiée de « renaissance bienheureuse » ou « Nahḍa ». La politique du logement est le levier majeur de cette action, et prend la forme principale de la promotion de la maison individuelle sur parcelle de terrain octroyée par le souverain. Ce choix est au cœur de la redistribution de la manne pétrolière et de l’objectif de justice sociale qui légitime le pouvoir royal. S’il a des points communs avec ceux des pays voisins, le dispositif omanais se distingue en ciblant l’ensemble de la population de nationalité omanaise. Cette politique du logement a permis de faire accéder la population à une vie urbaine moderne, mais elle n’est pas sans poser de nombreuses questions aujourd’hui, en particulier sur le plan de la cohésion sociale ou d’un étalement urbain problématique face à l’objectif de développement durable.
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Oman

On the fiqh of Education – Traditional School Organisation and Religious Pedagogy in Oman. The Example of Shaykh Jāʿid b. Khamīs al-Kharūṣī (d. 1237/1822) and fiqh al-madrasa - Bouzenita, Anke Iman; Jabri, Khalfan al- (Hikma: Journal of Islamic Theology and Religious Education, 2021)
Keywords: Enseignement -- Oman

Forging Nationalism Through Heritage in Oman - Sachedina, Amal (Current History, 2021)
During his five-decade reign, Sultan Qaboos bin Said relied on heritage as a key tool for nation-building. Old forts and objects central to Omani traditional culture like the coffee urn and the ceremonial dagger became symbols of a unifying national ethos. At the same time, their former political significance was downplayed. But some Omanis have held onto memories of a different conception of the past. And now, after the sultan’s death in 2020, heritage is becoming more of a privatized business sector.
Keywords: Monuments -- Oman

Deterrence through Diplomacy: Oman's Dialogue Facilitation Initiatives during the Yemeni Civil War - Ramani, Samuel (Middle East Journal, 2021)
In contrast to other states in the Gulf Cooperation Council, Oman has declined to participate in the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen and has opted to facilitate dialogue between the conflict's warring parties. Oman has embraced a strategy of diplomatic deterrence in Yemen, facilitating dialogue to counter the perceived threats that Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates pose to its foreign policy independence. The article explores how the Sultanate's diplomatic deterrence strategy manifests at the local, regional, and international levels, building on English- and Arabic-language source material and interviews.
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Following His Majesty’s Directives: Corporate Generosity, Social Responsibility, and State Making in Oman - Steiner, Robin Thomas (Anthropological Quarterly, 2021)
, ABSTRACT:, This article investigates the social and political effects of the introduction of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Oman. With oil reserves dwindling, Oman faces the challenge of transforming a society and economy long dependent on distributive state spending into a diversified economy capable of continuing the nation’s prosperity after oil. As a seemingly market-based solution to the problem of “too much” government, CSR has been championed by officials and practitioners as a tool to empower private sector businesses to replace the state as a provider of welfare and services. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with members of Oman’s business community, state officials, and others, this article challenges these presumptions, demonstrating that CSR has been implemented in Oman in ways that perpetuate the nation’s dependence on oil revenues and distributive state subsidies. Pointing out that the Omani state’s subsidy-driven development has long relied on the incentivized collaboration of private sector businesses, this article argues that the introduction of CSR in Oman has occurred in ways that resonate with older practices of corporate generosity. Instead of introducing market-based alternatives to state-guided subsidies, CSR has been instituted in Oman in ways that allow the state to leverage private sector organizations to extend its distributive reach. In conversation with scholarship on the role of neoliberal discourses and practices in the diversification efforts of states of the Arab Gulf, this article highlights the discrepancy between development plans and their outcomes to demonstrate how seemingly neoliberal interventions may be co-opted to achieve alternative ends.

Counterproxy: Sonallah Ibrahim’s Warda and the revolution in Oman - Rasberry, Vaughn (Representations, 2023)
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

The Wolf: The Last Remnants of the age of Sail in Southern Oman - Staples, Eric; Weismann, Norbert; Dziamski, Piotr; Ghidoni, Alessandro; Haar, Lilli; Vosmer, Tom (International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2022)
This article looks at a specific southern Arabian sailing vessel named the Wolf (al-Dhi’b), in order to better understand the life of a coastal trader on the southern Arabian coast that lived in the last days of commercial sail. Vessels such as the Wolf carried local products such as sardines, abalone and frankincense to northern Oman and Yemen, returning with dates and necessary foodstuffs shipped to Aden from India and East Africa. The article examines the remains of the Wolf, based on data from multiple documentation surveys, in conjunction with information gained from oral history interviews in order to highlight the central role that vessels such as the Wolf played in the maritime economic and social networks of the region.
Keywords: Navigation -- Oman

العلاقات العثمانية-العمانية خلال حصار كريم خان الزند للبصرة (1775-1777م) في ضوء رسالة همايونية مرسلة من السلطان عبد الحميد الأول إلى حاكم عُمان الأمام أحمد بن سعيد - الطراونة, محمد سالم; البوسعيدي, إبراهيم بن يحيى; العلوي, بدر بن هلال; خيراني, صلاح (حوليات آداب عين شمس, 2024)
تتناول هذه الدراسة العلاقات العثمانية-العُمانية أثناء حصار حاكم إيران كريم خان الزند للبصرة العثمانية، بناءً على الرسالة الهمايونية من السلطان العثماني عبد الحميد الأول إلى حاكم عُمان الإمام أحمد بن سعيد البوسعيدي.وقد جاءت الرسالة ضمن جُمْلة من المراسلات المتبادلة بين حاكمي الدولتين،وهي تُعَدُّ دليلًا على العلاقات التليدة بين الدولة العثمانية والدولة العُمانية، التي كانت تقوم على التنسيق والتعاون المشترك لخدمة المصالح العُليا في كلا البلدين، على أساسمن الاحترام المتبادل، وإقرار كل طرف وتقديرهلِما يؤدّيه الطرف الآخر من دور في حفظ الأمن، والتصدّي للمخاطر المُحدِقة بهما. وممّا يزيد من أهمية الدراسة هو اشتمالها على العديد من الوثائق الأرشيفية التي تُؤرِّخ للعلاقات السياسية والعسكرية بين الدولة العثمانية والدولة العُمانية وَفق رؤية جديدة ونظرة استشرافية.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Empire ottoman

Survivre et témoigner de la déportation Saïd ben Bakir ben Kacem, le marchand de charbon - Bakir, Abismaïl (Naqd, 2024)
Keywords: Biographies -- Mzab -- 20e siècle; Emigration -- Mzab -- Nouvelle-Calédonie

شهادة عائد من سجن كايان بن قاسم, بائع الفحم - بكير, أبي إسماعيل (Naqd, 2024)
Keywords: Biographies -- Mzab -- 20e siècle; Emigration -- Mzab -- Algérie; Mouvement national -- Mzab

تمثّلات "الحواريّة" وجماليتها في رواية "همس الجسور" لـ "علي المعمريّ" - الشرجي, علي بن شافي بن علي (مجلة الاندلس للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية, 2024)
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

From old to modern socio-cultural transformation in Oman in the novel of Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-Hāriṡy - Laluhun, Putri (Journal of Religion and Linguistics, 2024)
This study aims to describe the aspects of socio-cultural transformation from old to modern and to explain the process of socio-cultural change in Oman through Sayyidātul Qomar's novel by using a socio-cultural approach and socio-cultural theory by Koentjaningrat. The object of this research is the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy, which was published by the publisher Dār al-Ādāb in 2010 in Beirut, Lebanon. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method using data collection techniques in the form of a literature study. The results showed that the aspects of socio-cultural transformation that occurred in Oman in the novel were the religious/belief system, society, education/knowledge, economy, government and technology, and life equipment. The process of socio-cultural transformation from old to modern is divided into two, namely, the driving factors for the transformation and the problems/conflicts in the transformation process. These driving factors include political factors (changes in the power system), economic crises (trade crises), feminism (women's struggles for their rights as women), and open society systems (birth of new generations). These problems/conflicts include the conflict between science and the supernatural, the rebels and the Omani government, the human world and the Jinn, and the enslaver and enslaved person.
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

La Tunisie : d’une destination du tourisme de masse aux challenges de lancement des destinations par les territoires - Hellal, Mohamed (Études caribéennes, 2024)
La Tunisie, qui est connue comme étant une destination du tourisme de masse, a été peu résiliente face aux crises. Ainsi, en rapport au changement de la demande qui est devenue plus sensible à l’authenticité de lieux, nous assistons à des challenges de lancement des destinations par les territoires. À cet effet, un nouveau paradigme de développement touristique est en train de challenger, il s’agit des DMO qui se présentent comme de nouvelles structures de gouvernance qui permettent le développement touristique par le territoire : en termes de marketing et de gestion. La « destination Dahar » s’avère une expérience pionnière pour développer un tourisme durable dans un territoire authentique à l’intérieur de la Tunisie. Par ailleurs, la « Destination Djerba » constitue un challenge de relancer une nouvelle image d’une zone du tourisme balnéaire de masse en fin de cycle. Ces deux expériences sont portées par les acteurs territoriaux qui sont soutenus par des organismes étrangers de coopération internationale.
Keywords: Tourisme -- Djerba

Cultural Heritage Conservation as a Driving Force toward Sustainable Water Management in Djerba Island - Ben Youssef, Sarra (Blue Papers, 2024)
The island of Djerba is a tourist destination in the southeastern semi-arid region of Tunisia. Especially during peak tourism seasons, it experiences severe pressure on its water supply. Given the island’s historical water scarcity, locals have developed solutions to address the shortage, with one of the most notable being the rainwater harvesting and storage system. This system has evolved intricately over time, with meticulous attention to construction details, material selection, maintenance, and management strategies. This article posits that embracing and disseminating traditional rainwater harvesting knowledge can play a pivotal role in achieving sustainable water management. It also raises the question of whether fostering cultural heritage through a sustainable tourism orientation, aimed at highlighting heritage, aligns with this objective.
Keywords: Monuments -- conservation -- Djerba; Tourisme -- Djerba

L’olivier des œufs, témoin de l’autonomie financière de la femme djerbienne - Ben Salah, Imed (Journal of Afro-Asian Studies, 2024)
Keywords: Moeurs et coutumes -- Djerba

Studies in the Flora of Arabia: Xxxv. New Records from the Sultanate of Oman - Hatmi, Saif al-; Hinai, Abdulrahman al-; Qassabi, Zawan al-; Zahrani, Ali Mohammed al-; Knees, Sabina (Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2024)
Two species are newly reported for the Arabian Peninsula and eight new records for the Sultanate of Oman. Brief comments are provided on the phytogeography and ecology of these species. Most new records have been made from the botanically very poorly known or unexplored mountainous areas of northern Oman, including Musandam and poorly collected areas in Dhofar. These additional records raise the total number of known taxa in the national flora of Oman to 1417.
Keywords: Botanique -- Oman

The Search for Petroleum in The Sultanate of Oman – The First 120 Years - Heward, Alan P.; Morton, Michael Quentin; Kindi, Mohammed al- (Geological Society Special Publications, 2025)
This is a story of failure and success, of disappointment and elation. World wars, a market glutted with cheap oil and geologists unable to access areas of interest hampered the search. Early expeditions provided the first maps of the mountains and Dhofar, and glimpses of the geology of the interior, but no evidence of oil.
Keywords: Géologie -- Oman; Pétrole -- Oman

Adam R. Gaiser, Sectarianism in Islam: The Umma Divided, Themes in Islamic History, xii, 237 pp., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023, ISBN 9781009325042. - Bernheimer, Teresa (Der Islam, 2024)
Keywords: Recension

Understanding the genomic heterogeneity of North African Imazighen: from broad to microgeographical perspectives - Vilà-Valls, Laura; Abdeli, Amine; Lucas-Sánchez, Marcel; Bekada, Asmahan; Calafell, Francesc; Benhassine, Traki; Comas, David (Scientific Reports, 2024)
The strategic location of North Africa has led to cultural and demographic shifts, shaping its genetic structure. Historical migrations brought different genetic components that are evident in present-day North African genomes, along with autochthonous components. The Imazighen (plural of Amazigh) are believed to be the descendants of autochthonous North Africans and speak various Amazigh languages, which belong to the Afro-Asiatic language family. However, the arrival of different human groups, especially during the Arab conquest, caused cultural and linguistic changes in local populations, increasing their heterogeneity. We aim to characterize the genetic structure of the region, using the largest Amazigh dataset to date and other reference samples. Our findings indicate microgeographical genetic heterogeneity among Amazigh populations, modeled by various admixture waves and different effective population sizes. A first admixture wave is detected group-wide around the twelfth century, whereas a second wave appears in some Amazigh groups around the nineteenth century. These events involved populations with higher genetic ancestry from south of the Sahara compared to the current North Africans. A plausible explanation would be the historical trans-Saharan slave trade, which lasted from the Roman times to the nineteenth century. Furthermore, our investigation shows that assortative mating in North Africa has been rare.
Keywords: Génétique -- Afrique du Nord

Hydraulic of sustainable groundwater resources, aflaj in Oman, using meshless numerical method - Mohtashami, Ali; Ghafri, Abdullah Saif Al- (Acta Geophysica, 2024)
Aflaj refers to a traditional irrigation system found in Oman, which has been used for centuries to sustainably manage groundwater resources. These resources play a vital role in meeting various consumption needs, including agriculture, domestic, and industrial. The article, for the first time, introduces the concept of “hydraulics of aflaj”, emphasizing the importance of accurate information about interaction of falaj and aquifer and also flow within their tunnels. The study utilizes the mechanisms of horizontal wells to simulate the interaction between the aquifer and the falaj tunnel, employing the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin numerical model to compute groundwater head of aquifer. The model is applied to a real test case in the Loba aquifer of Malaysia, demonstrating improved accuracy compared to previous models based on evaluation indices such as MAE, RMSE, MAPE, NSE and p-bias. The findings of the proposed model show good agreement.
Keywords: Agriculture -- Oman

Developmental Structuralism in the Story of "Abur sekak Al-hāra wa nāī fī jabī" by Omani author Hamad al-Mukhinī based on Lucien Goldman's theory - Deris, Athra; Pourabed, Mohammad Javad; Zare, Naser; Balavi, Rasoul; Khezri, Ali (Arabic Literature, 2024)
Developmental Structuralism in the Story of 'Abur sekak Al-hāra wa nāī fī jabī' by Omani author Hamad al-Mukhinī based on Lucien Goldman's theory Abstract Sociology is a science that studies human societies and how they are affected by events. The relationship between literature and society is a reciprocal one in which literature is influenced by society and vice versa. The sociology of literature has undergone many changes since its inception and one of the theories that has contributed to this transformation is theories (Lucien Goldman's developmental structuralism). There are many writers who paid attention to their societies and its events, and the Omani writer Hamad al-Mukhinī did not shy away from the issues of his society, but addressed them in his texts. The present study, following the critique of the developmental structuralism of the story 'Abur sekak Al-hāra wa nāī fī jabī', has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and examine the components of this theory in the story. The most important axes that the research reached results in, including: The story worldview is revealed through the possible consciousness of the narrator/young person, in a way, he was pursuing his dream and realizing it, although he had opponents in this way. In addition to the issues that the author has considered in the course of the story, Social customs and traditions affecting the behavior of social groups, domestic violence Or father against wife and child and superstitions.
Keywords: Littérature -- Oman

‘Architectural Design for Procuring Thermal Comfort’: Hassan Fathy, Nubia, and Desert Building - Reynolds, Nancy Y. (International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 2024)
As part of an indigenous building movement in the Global South, the United Nations published two books by Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900–89): one on building ‘for the poor’ and the other on passive cooling in vernacular architecture from hot environments. Using his correspondence, reports, designs, published writings, and built forms, this article tracks Fathy’s changing use of a crucial technique, mud-brick vaulting, that he learned in Nubia, an area of Egypt’s arid south largely destroyed by dams in the twentieth century. I show how Fathy mined Nubia rhetorically and materially to use, and later attempt to copyright, its residents’ ‘instinctive’ skills for living in hot arid lands. Over time, Fathy’s appropriations helped to transform Nubia’s vernacular morphology into a universal commons of desert and ‘Islamic’ forms, which enabled him to expand the geographic scope of his practice into the Arabian Peninsula in Oman and Saudi Arabia and into the southwestern United States.
Keywords: Architecture -- Oman

Assessment of groundwater quality and alkaline earth metals from the Al Masaraat basin at Al Dhahirah Governorate, Sultanate of Oman - Al Hatmi, F.; Embong, Z.; Gismelseed, A. (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2024)
Comprehending the physicochemical properties of water is vital for efficient groundwater management in the research area. Groundwater often sees an increase in chemical element concentrations as it moves underground due to water-rock interaction. Water quality is assessed by comparing various parameter levels with drinking water standards. The primary goal of this study is to assess the groundwater quality from Al Dhahirah Governorate by analysing the physicochemical characteristics (pH, EC, TDS, TH, and T) and evaluating the concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth metals. It involved collecting groundwater samples from 11 different sites in the area and using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to analyse various elements, such as Ca, Na, Mg, and Sr. The study’s results reveal that the quality parameters of drinking water sources are within the Omani and World Health Organization (WHO) standards, except for Na, Mg, Sr, and TH level. The average concentrations of Na and Mg were 527.64 and 87.93 mg/L, respectively, while the average TH measured 658.86 mg/L, which is classified as very hard. The analysis of correlations among groundwater quality parameters indicates that physicochemical parameters influence the chemical properties of groundwater. To ensure safe drinking water, it is advisable to treat contaminated water before use and regularly monitor its quality. The findings contribute to the understanding of water quality in this region, providing valuable insights for environmental and public health considerations.
Keywords: Géologie -- Oman

تحليل الآثار الاجتماعية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار - البلوشي, بدرية محمد أحمد (مجلة الفنون والأدب وعلوم الإنسانيات والاجتماع, 2024)
تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة الحالية في التساؤل التالي : ما الآثار الاجتماعية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ؟ وسعت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الآثار الاجتماعية للمشروعات الاقتصادية الكبرى على الأسر العمانية في ولاية صحار وتشمل التأثيرات الاجتماعية للمشروعات التنموية بالمجتمع المحلي ، والخروج بتصور ملائم لتعظيم تلك الآثار الإيجابية، وتقليل الآثار السلبية للمشروعات الكبرى بولاية صحار. وتنتمي الدراسة إلى نمط الدراسات الوصفية التحليلية. تم الاعتماد على منهج المسح الاجتماعي للتعرف علي الآثار الاجتماعية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ، ومدى إسهام المشروعات الاقتصاديةُ المتنامية في مدينة صحار على الأسر العمانية، ومدى قدرتها على تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. ولقد تم أخذ عينة عمدية من الأسر العمانية فقط القاطنة في زمام ولاية صحار ، حجمها 300 أسرة. ومن أهم نتائج الدراسة أن هناك آثار اجتماعية إيجابية كثيرة لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ، إلا أنه أيضا هناك بعض الآثار الاجتماعية السلبية قد ترتبت علي وجود هذه المشروعات. وفي نهاية الدراسة تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات التي يمكن الاستفادة منها في تعزيز وزيادة الآثار الاجتماعية الإيجابية ، وتقليل الآثار الاجتماعية السلبية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار.
Keywords: Développement local -- Oman

تقييم جودة مياه الينابيع المائية في بلدية جادو، جبل نفوسة (ليبيا) - أبومنجي, زكريا محمد; القحماصي, مريم المزوغي; أبوسنينة, إبتسام أحمد (المجلة الليبية للعلوم, 2024)
Keywords: Géologie -- Djebel Nefousa

The Social Practices And Their Architectural Reflections On The Dwelling In The M'zab Valley Traditional - Zaaba, Omar; Barkat, Omar (Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture, 2024)
The traditional architecture in the M'zab Valley was a real response to the needs of the natural community and a direct reflection of its lifestyle, nature of activities, environmental requirements, individual and collective life practices within the intellectual system and its natural framework. Therefore, we do not find any part in this architecture that does not serve a specific function or symbolize a certain goal, considering that all material production in this society is a homogeneous and harmonious expression between needs, aspirations, goals, religious values, organizations and interactive social relationships with nature and climatic factors. Thus, architectural production in general and traditional housing in M'zab specifically testify to all these values and ideas manifested in their patterns, plans, units and architectural elements, It was necessary to study the impact of these social organizations and practices on the traditional dwelling in M'zab, considering it as a fundamental urban unit in shaping its palaces and a real product that reflects the values and ideas of this society. And since the dwelling is part of this human production, its relationship with social practice is a strong and organic relationship.
Keywords: Architecture -- Mzab; Irrigation -- Mzab; Puits -- Mzab

Littoralisation et dynamique côtière en milieux insulaires fragiles : le cas de l’île de Jerba (Sud-Est tunisien) - Ben Ghazi, Abdelhamid (Cinq Continents, 2023)
Littoralization and coastal dynamics in fragile island environments: the case of the island of Jerba (South-East Tunisia). Known for the wealth of its resources, the island of Jerba has always attracted the society of the past to settle there. Convinced by the fragility of the island environment, the Jerbian has developed a suitable way of occupying the space and appropriate know-how. The interior of agricultural land has always been favored at the expense of the infertile coastline and open to foreign invasions. Recently, the phenomenon of touristification of the east and northeast coast of the island has been established. At the same time, the coastline is increasingly occupied and a change in the mode of land occupation has occurred. The coastal area, formerly deserted, is increasingly in demand, which has upset the island environment. The rapid urbanization of beaches has reached a worrying stage. The low coasts of the island continue to lose their sandy beaches in a situation marked by the rise in sea level in relation to global warming. Obviously, a line mobility of the island's shoreline is established and evolving with accelerated speed, which has led to the continuous disconfiguration of the coastline. It is by extending the arrow of Borj Kastile, located in the southeast, that the island of Jerba could be connected to the mainland and therefore loses its island status.
Keywords: Tourisme -- Djerba

A socio-environmental analysis of contemporary modifications to Algerian Mzab traditional houses - Mouna, Hammou; Drias, Ammar (African Geographical Review, 2024)
Algerian Mzab traditional houses, using passive techniques since the eleventh century (from 1012 to 1882), have seen recent modifications. Analysis of 612 questionnaires and interviews with Mzab residents reveals 81.2% of these houses have been modified. Modifications include adding floors, thinning walls, and replacing lime with cement, driven by the need for space, ventilation, and modernisation. However, such modifications often increase energy consumption, with residents requiring more heating in winter and air conditioning in summer. This reliance on fossil fuels exacerbates regional climate insecurity. Planting roof terraces and using high-insulation building materials can reduce energy consumption in modified Mzab houses.
Keywords: Architecture -- Mzab

Deep and machine learning methods for the (semi-)automatic extraction of sandy shoreline and erosion risk assessment basing on remote sensing data (case of Jerba island -Tunisia) - Boussetta, Amina; Niculescu, Simona; Bengoufa, Soumia; Zagrarni, Mohamed Fawzi (Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 2023)
Against the backdrop of the environmental crisis, the socio-economic, ecological and cultural importance of the coastal zone calls for greater awareness of how coastal resources function, evolve, are managed and enhanced. This study aims to develop a high-performance (semi-)automatic coastal monitoring method based on Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite images for spatiotemporal analysis of shoreline changes and erosion risk assessment along Jerba Island (Tunisia) using remote sensing data and geospatial tools. A comparative study between the band ratioing (BR) method and the pixel-based image analysis (PBIA) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) methods has led to the development of machine learning (ML), random forest (RF), deep learning (DL) and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. Using these classification methods, 15 different shorelines were successively detected in 1989, 2015 and 2023 and then compared with a digitized reference shoreline from the Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2 images. Following a quantitative evaluation, the accuracy of the classification model shows that the combined CNN-OBIA approach provided the least accurate results, with an overall accuracy (OA) index of 67%, while the OBIA-RF classification method provided the most accurate results (OA of 95%). This comparative study identified an accurate and improved extraction method for quantifying changes in the position of the shoreline on the east coast of Jerba Island, enabling managers to make better decisions on coastal protection and adaptation to climate change.
Keywords: Géologie -- Djerba

الإباضية - المنشأ والمعتقد ‏ - العنزي, رفعة (المجلة العربية للدراسات الإسلامية والشرعية, 2024)
الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على أشرف الأنبياء والمرسلين.. وبعد فالإباضية من أقدم فرق التاريخ الإسلامي ظهور، وصاحبة حركات ثورية، ومواقف سياسية، ومخالفات عقدية انتهجت بها منهج مخالف لعقيدة المسلمين منذ القدم ومازال لها حضور وانتشار في بلاد المشرق والمغرب الإسلامي، وسنتطرق في هذا التقرير إلى نشأتهم الأولى وعقيدتهم وأبرز شخصياتهم، ومدى ارتباطهم وموقفهم من الخوارج، وعليه جاء التقرير مقسم على النحو التالي: التمهيد، وفيه مطلبين: المطلب الأول: تعريف الإباضية، وأبرز شخصياتها. المطلب الثاني: نشأة الإباضية. المبحث الأول: عقائد الإباضية، وأبرز فرقها. المطلب الأول: عقائد الإباضية. المطلب الثاني: فرق الإباضية. المبحث الثاني: موقف الإباضية من الخوارج. المبحث الثالث: حكم أئمة المسلمين على الإباضية.
Keywords: Ibadisme -- thèmes et motifs

Flogging, Banning, Lapidation: What Was the Punishment for Fornication and Adultery in Early Islam - Francesca, Ersilia (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 2022)
In the Qurʾān, there are several references to zinā (meaning both fornication and adultery), which stress the social ills that follow from committing such a sin. The Qurʾān makes it clear that those found guilty of zinā, regardless of their marital status, will be liable to receive a punishment of one hundred lashes, whilst slaves, married or unmarried, should receive fifty lashes (Q. 24:2). Nonetheless, the complexities surrounding the issue of adultery, and in particular the issue of its punishment, gave rise to a heated debate in the early Islamic juristic circles, which coalesced into a number of traditions conveying a growing strictness with regard to the punishment for adultery, especially towards married adulterers. In this paper I offer an interpretation of the most significant among these narrations in the early sources. In particular, I provide an account of the issue from the perspective of the early Ibāḍī sources, which are often neglected in mainstream Islamic studies, in order to trace the Ibāḍī contribution to the early juristic debate on fornication and adultery. My hypothesis is that a focus on Ibāḍī sources, which have been proven to preserve some very ancient material, provides a stronger basis for the study of the early centuries of Islam.

L’archipel ibadite. Une histoire des marges du Maghreb médiéval, written by Cyrille Aillet - Love Jr, Paul M. (Arabica, 2024)
Keywords: Recension

The issue of Imamate and succession and its influence in creating religious conflicts of Khawarij Ābāḍi Bani Rostam - Ezati, Mehdi (Motaleat-e-Taghribi Mazaheb-e-Eslami, 2024)
Following the preaching activities of the Ābāḍiyya jurists in the first half of the second century of the Hijri, the Ābāḍiyya religion was able to attract many followers among the Berber tribes of North Africa. Finally, in the middle of the 2nd century, Ibn Rostam established the Ābāḍiya government in the eastern regions of the Middle Maghreb. According to the principles of the Ābāḍian Bani-Rostam religion, the selection of the imam was based on the council of jurists and tribal sheikhs and the imam could be from any race or tribe. Based on this, Abdurrahman bin Rostam, who was non-Arab and Iranian, and of course she had the conditions for Imamate, was elected as Imam and leader of Abadi religions by the council of sheikhs and jurists. Although apparently Abd al-Wahhab bin Abd al-Rahman also achieved the Imamate of the Ābāḍians through the council, but according to some Abadian jurists, this choice was also a hereditary method and the Imamate was somehow passed from father to son. The method of hereditary Imamate continued in the rule of Bani Rostam until the end of their dynasty, and this issue caused tension and disagreement between some of the Ābāḍi jurists and the rulers of Bani Rostam. This essay will investigate this issue and the challenges faced by Bani-Rostam imams regarding the subject of Imamate with a descriptive-analytical method. The findings showed that due to the main orientation of Bani Rostam rulers in inheriting the government which was influenced by Iranian thought, they faced widespread oppositions and uprisings during their rule.
Keywords: Dynastie rustumide

جهود جمعية الشيخ أبي إسحاق في فهرسة ورقمنة المخطوطات: خزانة الشيخ الحاج يوسف بن إبراهيم بن بكير بافولولو، الشهير بالحاج يوسف بن بعمور نموذجا - الحاج سعيد, محمد بن أيوب; قزريط, داود بن موسى (المنهاج, 2023)
Keywords: Manuscrits -- Mzab

أهمية عقود الوصايا في دراسة المجتمعات المحلية الواحاتية بلدة العطف نموذجاً (1886) - (1953م) - الحاج عيسى, إلياس بن عمر (المنهاج, 2023)

الشيخ إبراهيم بن بنوح متياز اليسجني 1885 - 1984 قراءة في تراثه ومنهجه في الكتابة التاريخية - الزرويل, صالح (المنهاج, 2023)
Keywords: Biographies -- Mzab -- 20e siècle

تحقيق القصيدة الرائية للشيخ اطفيش :(ت: 1332هـ / 1914م)، حول إرهاصات نبوة الرسول ، وخوارقه المادية - بن دريسو, مصطفى بن محمد (المنهاج, 2023)
Keywords: Atfiyyash, Muhammad b. Yusuf (1821-1914); Poésie -- Mzab

وارجلان البلد والمدينة من خلال المصادر الجغرافية الوسيطية - بوراس, يحيى بن عيسى (المنهاج, 2023)