Société des Oliviers du Menzel c/ Ahmad Ben Aïad (Journal des tribunaux français en Tunisie, 1899)
Keywords: Famille Bin Ayyad

Le Port de Gabès et l’île de Djerbah (Journal officiel de la République française, 1881)

Fitilin Ucunda Tersane-yi Âmire - Gürkan, Emrah Safa (İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi; İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A.Ş., 2013)
Akdeniz’in iki yakasında birbirlerine paralel bir şekilde bölgesel bir güç olarak ortaya çıkan Osmanlılar ve Habsburglar 16. yüzyıl boyunca sürecek esaslı bir emperyal rekabete girişecek ve peşlerinden dönemin diğer siyasi ve askeri aktörlerini de sürükleyerek bir cihan hakimiyeti kavgası vereceklerdi. Her ne kadar Türkçe tarih yazımında bu rekabetin Akdeniz ayağı gerek dil engelleri, gerekse kaynakların eksikliği nedeniyle ihmal edilmişse de Osmanlılar ve Habsburglar’ın kozlarını sadece Macaristan ovasında değil, aynı zamanda Akdeniz sularında da paylaştığı unutulmamalıdır.

Cerbe'den Dönerken - Refik, Ahmed (1957)

Barbaros (Dosya)

Tunus'ta dini ahlak ve kapitalizmin ruhu - Bodur, H. Ezber (Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1988)
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Kuzey Afrika'da Yeni Ibadi Elyazmalari - Nāmī, ʿAmr Khalīfa al- (İslami İlimler Dergisi, 2015)
Keywords: Bibliothèques -- Djebel Nefousa

Kanuni Dönemi Denizcilerinden Ali Pertek (Pörtük) Bey’in Askerî Faaliyetleri - Kirca, Ersin (Mavi Atlas, 2018)

Le rachat de captifs espagnols à Alger au XVIe siècle. Le cas de la rédemption de Diego de Cisneros (1560-1567) - Chaulet, Rudy; Ortega, Olga (Cahiers de la Méditerranée, 2013)

Identità e identitarismi berberi in Nord Africa : ricostruzione storica/storiografica della questione berbera - Roggero, Caterina (Humanitas, 2019)
Keywords: Berbérisme -- Afrique du Nord

The Names of the Jews of Lybia During the Italian Occupation : Gender, Society, and Culture - Henshke, Yehudit (La Rassegna mensile di Israel, 2017)
Keywords: Judaïsme -- Djebel Nefousa

Erratum to: Developing a Collaborative Strategy to Manage and Preserve Cultural Heritage During the Libyan Conflict. The Case of the Gebel Nāfusa - Nebbia, Marco; Leone, Anna; Bockmann, Ralf; Hddad, Mftah; Abdouli, Hafed; Masoud, Ahmed M.; Elkendi, Nader M.; Hamoud, Hassan M.; Adam, Salah S.; Khatab, Moncif N. (Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2016)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Djebel Nefousa

Le Gargoulettes (orci perforati) per la pesca del polpo a Gerba (Tunisia) Iniziando una missione etnoarcheologica - Lugli, Francesca; Vidale, Massimo (Archeologia Postmedievale, 2000)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Djerba

Al-Kharusi Kahlan: Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb. Edition and Study - Tilier, Mathieu (Bulletin critique des Annales islamologiques, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

The naval battles of Roger of Lauria - Pryor, John H. (Journal of Medieval History, 1983)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

Daniel Panzac, La République de Venise et les Régences barbaresques au XVIIIe siècle. Un exemple de relation Nord-Sud en Méditerranée occidentale, Éditions Publisud, 2015. - Chiffoleau, Sylvia (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2017)
Keywords: Recension

Daniel Panzac, La République de Venise et les Régences barbaresques au xviiie siècle. Un exemple des relations Nord-Sud en Méditerranée occidentale, édition établie, présentée et annotée par Salvatore Speziale, avant-propos de Michele Brondino, Paris, Publisud, 2015, 356 p. - Hocquet, Jean-Claude (Cahiers de la Méditerranée, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Cohen-Tannoudji Denis (dir.), Entre orient et occident, Juifs et Musulmans en Tunisie, Paris, Éditions de l’éclat, 2007, 379 p. - Abécassis, Frédéric (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2009)
Ce livre est le produit d’une rencontre, tenue à la Sorbonne en avril 2003, entre chercheurs français, tunisiens et israéliens à l’initiative de la Société d’histoire des Juifs de Tunisie. Le colloque s’est tenu sous le quadruple patronage de l’UNESCO, du CNRS, des ministères des Affaires étrangères et de l’Éducation nationale, en impliquant bien d’autres acteurs institutionnels. Sans qu’il n’y soit jamais fait référence, l’ouvrage, paru quatre ans plus tard, porte la marque du contexte dans ...
Keywords: Recension

Bartolomeo de Neocastro, Historia Sicula 1250-1293 - Paladino, G. (Rerum italicarum scriptores, 1921)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

El espionaje hispánico después de Lepanto: el proyecto de fray Diego de Mallorca - Varriale, Gennaro (Studia Historica. Historia Moderna, 2014)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

The land of the ‘turks’ North African Adventure - Wood, John (Melita Historica, 2006)

Aperçus sur l'entrée de l'île de Djerba dans l'orbite ottomane - Veinstein, Gilles (Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine, 1983)
Based on three documents from the Ottoman archives dated 1552, some light is shed on the circumstances in which the Ottoman rule began to implant itself on the island of Jerba, 22 years before Tunis itself was conquered and the Beylerbeylik was installed in 1574
Keywords: Archives -- Istanbul; Empire ottoman -- Djerba -- 16e siècle; Famille Samūmnī; Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

Tunger-Zanetti (Andréas) : La communication entre Tunis et Istambul (1860-1913). Province et métropole - Ganiage, Jean (Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire, 1998)
Keywords: Recension

Religious Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism in Tunisia - Stone, Russell A. (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1974)
The relationship between religion and entrepreneurial activity has been an ongoing subject of sociological interest since Weber (1958) first identified the association between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism in Western Europe. One recent collection of papers on the subject (Eisenstadt, 1968) indicates that the topic remains highly controversial, and that the debate moves in two general directions. Some analysts challenge (or support) the factual and/or theoretical validity of Weber's analysis as it applies to Western Europe, or to Protestantism (Green, 1959). Another branch of research attempts to apply the idea on a different level, finding other religious groups for which the theory is valid, in other parts of the world. Most such studies have been made in East and Southeast Asia, but there is a scattering of articles on other countries as well (Eisenstadt, 1968). Bellah (1963) cites several studies of merchant groups in Asia which conform to the Protestant ethic pattern, but points out that they seldom transform the norms of the whole society as Protestantism did in parts of Europe. Their impact is limited to a subgroup within society. These studies suggest that the Weberian thesis might apply on an intra-societal level in cultures different from Europe. The present study attempts to support this idea by positing a relationship between religious ethic and capitalism among a group of merchants in Tunisia who are members of a distinct religious sect within Islam.
Keywords: Commerce -- Djerba

L’ibadisme dans les sociétés de l’islam médiéval: Modèles et interactions: edited by Cyrille Aillet - Hoffman, Valerie J. (Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 2020)
Keywords: Recension

Murder in Jerba: Honour, Shame and Hospitality among Maltese in Ottoman Tunisia - Smith, Andrea (History and Anthropology, 2004)
Keywords: Emigration -- Malte -- Djerba

El palacio del Marques de la Piovera, Don Alvaro de Sande, y la Plaza Mayor de Valdefuentes - Sanz Fernandez, Francisco (Boletin de Arte, 2006)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

1560 Cerbe Deniz Zaferi Ve Cerbe Kalesinin Fethi - Önalp, Ertuğrul (Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 2001)
[The sea victory of Jerba and the capture of the castle of Jerba].
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

La Expedicion Epanöla Contra la Isla de Gelves en 1560 - Önalp, Ertuğrul (Journal of The Center for Ottoman Studies Ankara University, 1996)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

Don Alvaro de Sande, Cronista del Desastre de Los Gelves - Muñoz de San Pedro, Diego (Revista de Estudios Extremeños, 1955)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

Essai bibliographique sur les plans imprimés de Tripoli, Djerba et Tunis-Goulette au XVIème s. et note sur un plan d’Alger - Monchicourt, Charles (Revue Africaine, 1925)
Keywords: Bibliographie -- Djerba

Une lecture de l’histoire moderne des ibadites de l’île de Djerba - Merimi, Mohamed (Horizons maghrébins, 2017)
Keywords: Lîmis, mosquée (Ajim, Djerba); Monuments -- Djerba; Tâjdît, Mosquée (Fâtû, Djerba)

Documents musulmans pour servir à une histoire de Djerba - Bossoutrot, Jean-Auguste (Revue tunisienne, 1903)
Keywords: Ḥīlātī al-Ğarbī, Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al- (16..-1688)

Lair of Corsairs on the Djerba Island in the First Half of the Sixteenth Century - Jaguś, Patryk (Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Zeszyty Historyczne, 2018)
This article concerns the activities of the brothers Oruk and Hayreddin Barbarossa during they residence on the North African island of Djerba. Before the Red Beard brothers occupied the kingdom of Algiers and made themselves his kings, they gave themselves under the protection of the ruler of Tunis. He offered them the island of Djerba, where the corsairs made their first base. From there, they carried out expeditions to the entire central and western Mediterranean.
Keywords: Ottomans -- Djerba

Un Tesoro Escondido En Djerba - Kohan, Horacio (Raíces: Revista Judía de Cultura, 2005)
Keywords: Judaïsme -- Djerba

Djerba: A Tiro de Piedra - Basabe, Álex (Cambio, 1996)
Keywords: Tourisme -- Djerba

Pterygium on the Island of Djerba in Southern Tunis - Dolezalová (Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde, 1974)
Keywords: Biologie -- Djerba

Les cadrans signés « Ahmad al-ʿUmarī » (Tunisie, XVIIIe siècle) - Jarray, Fathi; Mercier, Eric (Cadran Info, 2016)
Keywords: Jami al-Kabir, mosquée al- (Hachene, Djerba); Monuments -- Djerba

Un document turc sur l’expédition de Djerba en 1560 - Huart, Clément (Journal asiatique, 1917)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

Mahmoud Ben Ayyed. Le parcours transméditerranéen d’un homme d’affaires tunisien du milieu du XIXe siècle - Gharbi, Mohamed Lazhar (Méditerranée, 2015)
Keywords: Famille Bin Ayyad

Donne di Zanzibar. Percezione della realtà femminile attraverso gli ngoma - Brunotti, Irene (Africana: Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei, 2006)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Le isole di Zanzibar e Pemba - Nicolini, Beatrice (Africana: Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei, 2002)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Vincenzo Maurizi e David Vatrin: due presenze italiane nell’Oceano Indiano nel 1800 - Nicolini, Beatrice (Africana: Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei, 1999)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Dalla repressione alla politica araba nella colonizzazione agraria della Libia: alcune considerazioni - Cresti, Federico (Africana: Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei, 1999)

Il primo esperimento di colonizzazione demografica in Tripolitania nei documenti d’archivio dell’Azienda Tabacchi Italiani - Cresti, Federico (Africana: Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei, 1997)

La défaite de la flotte espagnole à Jerba en 1510 selon les témoignages italiens: le Diarii de Marin Sanudo, et les lettres de Battistello de Tonsis - Galletti, Mirella (Africana: Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei, 1997)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

Un Caso di Pirateria Veneziana: la Cattura della Galea del Bey di Gerba (21 Ottobre 1584) - Fabris, Antonio (Quaderni di Studi Arabi, 1990)
Le document est un article de recherche sur le procès de Gabriele Emo, un commandant vénitien exécuté pour avoir attaqué une galère barbaresque en 1584. Le document explore les détails du procès et la politique de la République de Venise en matière de piraterie et de relations avec l’Empire ottoman, et donne un aperçu de la vie de Ramazan, le père de Mehmet, bey de Djerba.
Keywords: Ottomans -- Djerba

Rich cousins, poor cousins: hidden stratification among the Omani Arabs in Eastern Africa - Le Cour Grandmaison, Colette (Africa, 1989)
Taking the al-Ḥārithī tribe from al-Sharqiyya in Oman as an example, the author describes how in the 19th century changing economic circumstances (especially slave and ivory trades) in East Africa eventually led to a hidden social stratification among the Omani Arabs in East Africa. While merchants who had become owners of plantations at Zanzibar consolidated their sources of income, newcomers belonging to the same tribe became plantation overseers and managers for their rich cousins. Those who became caravan leaders into the interior of Africa suffered from continual indebtment because of the rising costs for outfitting a caravan. The established sections of the tribe enjoyed political power and economic supremacy. Among them were religious leaders and learned men, while the continued travelling the new immigrants were forced to in order to pay off their debts led to a low level of education. But the fact that a kind of redistribution took place among the tribal sections as a result of unequal access to wealth, education and political responsibility, though confirmed by actual practices, remains unavowed in discourse and collective conscience; the descent of the nobility is an ideal, unalterable fact upheld by all the tribal sections. Hence the coexistence of two (hidden) levels which do not coincide: one the historical and economic factors which split tribal organization, and the other the collective representations which continue to maintain an egalitarian paradigm of a segmented whole.

Oman: Politics and Society in the Qaboos State, by Marc Valeri. Columbia University Press, 2009. 284 pages. $70. - Kechichian, Joseph Albert (Middle East Policy, 2010)
Keywords: Recension

Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman - Peterson, John E. (Middle East Journal, 2004)
Although the majority of Oman's population is Arab and either Ibadi or Sunni Muslim, the country exhibits a wealth of diversity in ethnic groups and native languages. While these other groups are often small in total size, they are represented in such areas as politics and commerce in numbers disproportionate to the weight of their communities and, although distinctive, are more or less woven into the social fabric of the country. Ethnic identity seems likely to decline as the various communities increasingly mix in education, the workplace, residential areas, social functions, the military, and elsewhere. This article provides brief “snapshots” of these groups and assesses their changing status in Omani society.
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

A Modern History of Oman: Formation of the State Since 1920By Francis Owtram (London: I. B. Tauris, 2004). 232 pp. Price HB £35.00. ISBN 1-86064-617-4 - Jones, Jeremy (Journal of Islamic Studies, 2006)
Keywords: Recension

Abdulrahman Al-Salimi and Wilferd Madelung: Early Ibāḍī Theology: Six kalām Texts by ‘Abd Allāh B. Yazīd Al-Fazārī. (islamic History and Civilization.) Cvi, 241 Pp. Leiden: Brill, 2014. €99. Isbn 978 90 04 27025 1. - Gaiser, Adam R. (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2015)
Keywords: Fazārī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd al-; Recension

Patricia CRONE and Fritz ZIMMERMANN: The, Epistle of Salim ibn Dhakwan. Oxford, 2001: Oxford University Press, xii, 407 pp. ISBN O 19 815265 5. £ 65.00. - Conrad, Lawrence (Der Islam, 2004)
Keywords: Recension

Les Mosquees Ibadites du Djebel Nafusa. Architecture, histoire et religions du nord-ouest de la Libye (VIIIe-XIIIe siecle). By Virginie Prevost. - Sjöström, Isabella (Libyan Studies, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Risso: Oman and Muscat: An Early Modern History - Allen, Jr, Calvin H. (Middle East Journal, 1987)
Keywords: Recension

Tribes and Politics in Eastern Arabia - Peterson, John E. (Middle East Journal, 1977)
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Trends in Religious Reform on the Arabian Peninsula - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Hemispheres, 2012)
This article comparatively assesses the relationship of Arabian Peninsula governments to modern Islamic reform movements after the formation of nation-states by the British Government in post-Ottoman Arabia. Over the last half century the region of the Arabian Peninsula has experienced an Islamic awakening that has played an integral role in the process of modernization in Arabian states. There are three aims of this study: 1) to examine the influence of the traditional Islamic schools of theology on re-shaping the identities of Arabian states. 2) to explore the degree to which the governments of the nation states and the prior political establishments informed the contemporary vision of religious reform 3) to consider the impact that the recent wealth of Arabian States, especially the wealth of the GCC countries, has had on the creation of the modern Islamic revival since the discovery of oil. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

The Colonial Pasts of Medieval Texts in Northern Africa: Useful Knowledge, Publication History, and Political Violence in Colonial and Post-Independence Algeria - Love Jr, Paul M. (The Journal of African History, 2017)
This article argues that medieval Arabic texts that were published in colonial northern Africa constitute as much a part of the history of colonialism and its legacy as that of the medieval centuries in which they were written. Using the publication history of a medieval Ibadi text and its French translations, I demonstrate how texts like it were edited, translated, and published not only for academic purposes, but also as contributions to the production of ‘useful’ colonial knowledge in Algeria. I begin with the first translation, published in 1878 alongside other ethnographic and historical studies funded by the colonial state. I then turn to the second translation, serially published between 1960–2 as its editors abandoned the country at the violent end of the colonial period. Finally, I address the Arabic editions published after independence, which recast it within a nationalist framework. Overall, I argue for the importance of addressing the colonial pasts of medieval texts in northern Africa.

The Traditional State of 'Uman - Preece, William M. (SAIS Review, 1965)
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1932-1970

A Gateway to Hell, A Gateway to Paradise: The North African Response to the Arab Conquest. By ELIZABETH SAVAGE. Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, vol. 7. Princeton: DARWIN PRESS, 1997. Pp. x + 206. $29.95. - Bonner, Michael (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 2000)
Keywords: Recension

PREVOST, Virginie, L'aventure ibadite dans le Sud tunisien (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle). Effervescence d'une région méconnue, Tuusula y Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, "Humaniora 350", 2008, 479 págs., ilustraciones. - Viguerra Molins, Maria Jesus (Anaquel de Estudios Árabes, 2009)
Keywords: Recension

Oman: Politics and Development by Ian Skeet. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. Pp.195. L35.00 Trade and Empire in Muscat and Zanzibar: Roots of British Domination by M. Reda Bhacker. London: Routledge,1992. Pp.278. L40.00. - Rabi, Uzi (Middle Eastern Studies, 1997)
Keywords: Recension; Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

A History of Modern Oman Jeremy Jones and Nicholas Ridout Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015 (301 Pages + Maps, Index) $94.99 (cloth) - Crouzet, Guillemette (Arab Studies Journal, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Adam Gaiser, Muslims, Scholars, Soldiers. The Origin and Elaboration of the Ibadi Imamate Traditions, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 203 S., ISBN 0-19-973893-9, 978-0-19-973893-9 - Aillet, Cyrille (Der Islam, 2012)
Keywords: Recension

Mandana E. Limbert, In the Time of Oil: Piety, Memory, and Social Life in an Omani Town (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2010). Pp. 264. $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper, 24.95 e-book. - Miller, Flagg (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2011)
Keywords: Recension

Early Ibāḍī Theological Arguments on Atoms and Accidents - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 2013)
Le gros de la recherche orientaliste consacrée à la littérature théologique islamique a négligé les idées théologiques Ibāḍī à portée cosmologique, ce qui a conduit à une compréhension incomplète de la théologie islamique et à un manque considérable dans la recherche occidentale. L'omission de ce mouvement important de l'Islam est compréhensible étant donné que les textes Ibāḍī ne sont accessibles, publiés, diffusés et traduits que de façon très partielle. Cette étude vise donc à combler certaines de ces lacunes dans la recherche sur la première théologie islamique. Les objectifs de cet article sont de: 1) caractériser la littérature Ibāḍī classique portant sur la théorie atomiste de la substance et de l'accident; 2) examiner les textes d'auteurs Ibāḍī du iiie/ixe siècle dialoguant et discutant avec d'autres écoles théologiques islamiques, à savoir les Muʿtazilites pré-Bahshamiyya (Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī, d. 321/933) et les Ashʿarites (Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, d. 324/936), en lien avec la théorie atomiste de la substance et de l'accident; 3) passer en revue le grand nombre d'opinions soutenues parmi les premiers théologiens Ibāḍī, et examiner les sources et les thèmes spécifiques susceptibles d'avoir influencé cette école de pensée diversifiée. Cet article cherche aussi à identifier des traits communs dans l'approche Ibāḍī durant la période de formation de la théologie islamique, et à explorer les voies grâce auxquelles ces premiers théologiens ont pu avoir accès à des thèmes cosmologiques antérieurs à l'Islam.

The Essentials of Ibadi Islam. By VALERIE J. HOFFMAN. Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East. Syracuse: SYRACUSE University PRESS, 2012. Pp. xii + 344. $39.95. - Francesca, Ersilia (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 2015)
Western scholars and students with an interest in the history of Ibädi Islam and Oman are no doubt familiar with the name and some of the extensive works of the author of the book under review, in which she resumes her previous research devoted to Ibädism in Oman and Zanzibar in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During repeated research stays in Oman over a decade Hoffman collected the material for the present volume, which, as she phrases it in the introduction, "is an attempt to introduce Ibädi Islamic theology to students and scholars of Islam, mainly through annotated translations of two basic Ibädi theological texts, in order to address the general unavailability of Ibädi texts to all but the most specialized scholars of Islam" (p. 4). The relative lack of interest in Ibädi theology may be partly because Ibädi religious literature is often obscure and difficult to understand. In fact, the oldest Ibädi theological literature is mainly fragmentary intra-community correspondence: letters (generally termed sira, pi. siyar) from imams and ulema with advice and/or explanations to the members about controversial religious and political issues. Moreover, according to European works from the last century, of which the older ones rely on only a few Ibädi sources, the distinctive nature of Ibädism seems to consist chiefly of a quietist political doctrine and of a religious puritanism. However, Ibädism presents a more complex reality. First of all, its sectarian nature is not so obvious. According to tradition, the Ibädi movement derives its name from cAbd Alläh Ibn Ibäd, who broke from Khäriji extremists in circa 65 A.H. (684/5) over the attitude to be adopted toward other Muslims. The Ibädis have been wrongly identified with the Khärijls by both Western scholars and non-Ibädi Muslim authors-Ibädis are instead very distant from them in political as well as religious matters. The connection between the two stems from the fact that most of the dissident Khärijis were from the Tamim tribe to which Ibn Ibäd also belonged. Moreover, proto-Ibädis were part of the Muhakkima movement of the early Khärijis, sharing with them the principle that the rule on earth belongs to God alone (la hukma ilia li-lläh). The Ibädi distinction from orthodox or Sunni Islam should be conceived in terms of internal Islamic diversity of doctrinal belief rather than in terms of their affiliation to Khärijism. As such the Ibädis are not a sect but a school (madhhab) that kept in close contact with the Sunni community and contributed to the general debate from which Islamic law and theology began to develop during the first two centuries in the heartland of the Muslim world, namely, Basra and Kufa, but also the Hijäz. Despite its antiquity, Ibädi Islam-and particularly Ibädi theology-remains little known and has often been misunderstood. To date the best-known monographs devoted to Ibädi theology in a European language are Studies in Ibädism by 'A. Kh. Ennami (Ph.D. diss., Cambridge Univ., 1971; [Benghazi]: Univ. of Libya, 1972; [Muscat] 22005) and Introduction a l'étude de l'ibadisme et de sa théologie by P. Cuperly (Algiers: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984). This book by Valerie Hoffman seeks to amend the gap of three decades. Her main source is a brief and clear text intended as a primer for Ibâdï students of theology, al-cAqlda al-wahbiyya by Nâsir b. Sâlim b. cUdayyam al-Rawâhï (d. 1920), a prolific scholar better known in Oman as Abu Muslim al-Bahlânï. Unfortunately he died prematurely, leaving the work incomplete. Hoffman therefore also includes a translation of the passages of Kitab MaJalim al-dln by cAbd al-cAzïz al-Thamïnï al-Muscabï (d. 1808) dealing with predestination, a fundamental topic of Ibâdï theology that is omitted in al-Rawâhï's primer. Although it would be impossible to understand the early development of the movement and the doctrinal and political disputes over issues that led to its split into several subdivisions (firqa) without a reference to Ibädism's classical sources, I should emphasize the importance of including recent Ibâdï scholarship in an account on theology. Since theology played a role historically in creating sectarian identities and in defining and safeguarding Islamic belief, it is crucial to inquire about the theological discussions and debates among Ibâdîs during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when the Ibâdï reform movement began to reconcile Islam and modernity. Through an analysis of modern Ibâdï religious literature, Hoffman sheds light on Ibâdï theological formulations on topics that differentiate Ibâdï doctrine from Sunni Islam, such as reward and punishment in the afterlife, free will and predestination, anthropomorphic description of God, the creation of the Quran, and so on. The theological tenets explicated by Hoffman are of great importance in understanding not only prevailing Ibâdï doctrine, but also their striving from the nineteenth century onward to avoid both Westernization and Islamic radicalism. Nevertheless, fundamental Islam remains an important part of Ibadism. Ibâdï ethical principles reveal a rigorous conception of life and faith. Sinful actions entail the loss of a state of purity and render the sinner unfit to participate in religious rites. This moral austerity leads the Ibâdîs to refute any kind of innovation, laxity, or modern idea and to interpret the ancient precepts in the most stringent fashion. Salvation can only be achieved through prayer, pious living, and hard work. Ibâdîs show a strong cohesion as a group outside of the mainstream; its dogmatic basis lies in the concepts of waläya and banda (association and dissociation), namely, the duty of friendliness toward individuals who fulfil the precepts of religion and, conversely, the duty of hostility against those who do not deserve to be called believers. The doctrine of waläya and banda has its counterpart in orthodox belief only as regards the general duty of solidarity with the faithful and hostility toward infidels. According to the general rule, true believers must declare beträgt from tyrants and their followers and they must not take any of them as wäll. A country governed by tyrants and unjust rulers must be declared a land of tyranny and injustice. In the early centuries of Islam, a serious threat to the exacting Ibâdï position was represented by MurjPites, who propounded the doctrine of suspended judgment on the fate of sinners in the afterlife and on the first fitna. This was wholly contrary to the Ibâdï view of TJthmän and cAlï and their rejection of the Umayyad dynasty. The contribution of MurjPism was crucial to Ibâdï development, for some MurjPï ideas penetrated the movement; they were propagated by Härün b. al-Yamän (fl. ninth century), causing a serious split in the Mashriqï Ibâdï community. He proposed a tolerant attitude to waläya and baräya, according kufr status only to those committing sins that deserved hadd punishment in this world and hell in the next. He recognized a middle way (manz.Ua bayna l-manzilatayn) for people committing sins that his predecessors, such as Abu Ayyub, considered to be major. Furthermore, Härün tied the faith to individual piety (taqwä) rather than to the strict interpretation of religious observances. On this topic, crucial for the understanding of Ibädism, Hoffman emphasizes a definite inconsistency between theory and practice in the modern Ibâdï sources. One would expect an intolerant attitude toward all those not deserving the status of "true believers," but al-Rawâhï's primer shows a high degree of tolerance toward non-Muslims (e.g., the British Colonial Office in Zanzibar) and toward nonIbâdï Muslims, who are treated like Ibâdîs where intermarriage and mutual inheritance are concerned. After tracing the history of the movement and delineating its distinctive teachings in the first part of the book (pp. 3-53), Hoffman turns the second part (pp. 55-237) over to the translation of al-Rawâhï's al-cAqlda al-wahbiyya and the third part (pp. 241-76) to the partial but valuable translation of al-Muscabï's Kitäb MaJälim al-dln. The volume concludes with a glossary, a biographical dictionary, references, and an index (pp. 279-344). The translations are generally convincing and competent. Al-Rawâhï was a great poet and mystic (his biography is on pp. 45-46) and the author of some works of prose including his cAqida, which owes its name to cAbd Allah b. Wahb al-Râsibï, one of the first Khârijî leaders, who was killed at the battle of Nahrawân. The cAqida synthesizes and popularizes Ibâdï doctrine by way of a dialogue between students and teacher in which the latter elucidates the Ibâdï principles of faith and discusses the doctrines of different Muslim schools (Sunni, Shici, Mu'tazilï, and Khârijî) as well as the differences between the North African and the Eastern (Oman and Zanzibar) Ibâdï communities. The particular importance of Hoffman's volume lies in the first translation into English of this important and interesting text. For the rest, The Essentials of Ibadi Islam is a basic introduction to Ibâdism, polished and well written, ideal for the graduate classroom or even the advanced undergraduate, and suitable for those wanting to understand Ibâdï doctrine and acquaint themselves with theological texts.
Keywords: Recension

Ibadi Theology: Rereading Sources and Scholarly Works. Edited by Ersilia Francesca. Studies on Ibadism and Oman, vol. 4. Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 2015. Pp. 331. €68. - Rodrigo, Adem (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Ibâdism: origins and early development in Oman - Hoffman, Valerie J. (Der Islam, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

L'Aventure Ibadite dans le Sud Tunisien: Effervescence d'une région méconnue (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle) - Ghazal, Amal N. (Der Islam, 2013)
Keywords: Nukkarisme; Recension

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Distinguishing Features Between Ibāḍīs and Khārijītes - Maawali, Al Muatasim Said Saif al- (Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 2019)
Keywords: Kharijisme

Négoce et enrichissement individuel à Tunis du XVIIe siècle au début du XIXe siècle - Boubaker, Sadok (Revue d'histoire moderne contemporaine, 2003)
Keywords: Famille Bin Ayyad

Le fonti turche della battaglia delle Gerbe (1560) (continuazione) - Bombaci, Alessio (Rivista degli studi orientali, 1942)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

Le fonti turche della battaglia delle Gerbe (1560) - Bombaci, Alessio (Rivista degli studi orientali, 1941)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

Djerba, lotosätarnas ö - Jeanneret, Lotti (Jorden Runt, 1941)
Keywords: Récits de voyage -- Djerba

Salah Ben Youssef contre Bourguiba - J.T. (Esprit, 1955)
Keywords: Ben Youssef, Salah 1907-1961

Nachträge zu meinem Aufsatz Untersuchungen zu einigen ibaditischen Handschriften - Ess, Josef van (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1977)
Keywords: Manuscrits -- Ibadisme

Untersuchungen zu einigen ibaditischen Handschriften - Ess, Josef van (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1976)
Descriptions, with many detailed annotations, of: - Jābir b. Zayd al-Azdī (d. between 93/711 and 104/722): Rasā’il. MSS in al-Khizānat al-Bāruniyya. (Ennami 1971, 65-66 (75?); Nachträge, 1-2). - Qatāda b. Diʿāma (d. 117/735 or 118/736): Aqwāl Qatāda. 7 parts. In Makt. Sālim b. Yaʿqūb. (Ennami 1971, 31 ff.; Nachträge, 2). (Ess 1986). - al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb b. ʿAmr al-Farāhīdī: al-Musnad or al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣahīḥ. (Nachträge, 2). - Abū Ghānim Bishr b. Ghānim al-Khurāsānī: al-Mudawwana. (Ennami 1971, 155 ff.; Nachträge, 2-3). - Hūd b. Muḥkim al-Hawwārī: Tafsīr. (Nachträge, 3). - Anonymous: Kitāb al-Jahālāt. (Nachträge, 3). - Abū Muḥ.: Kitāb al-Ḍiyā’. MS with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. - Anonymous: Dīwān al-Ashyākh. In al-Khizāna al-Bārūniyya, and two parts with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. - Abū Zak. Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr al-Warjlānī (d. 471/1078): Kitāb al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma. MS with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. (Nachträge, 3). - Tibghūrin (b. Bakr b. Jawād) b. ʿĪsà b. Dāwud al-Nafūsī al-Malshūṭī (d. circa 500/1106): Kitāb al-Uṣūl. With Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. (Ennami 1971, II; Nachträge, 3). - Abū ʿAmr ʿUthmān b. Khalīfa al-Ṣūfī (1st half 6th/13th c.): Kitāb al-Su’ālāt. Incomplete MS with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. - Abū ʿAmmār ʿAbd al-Kāfī b. Abī Yaʿqūb b. Ism. al-Tanāwutī: Kitāb al-Mūjaz fī Taḥṣīl al-Su’āl wa-Takhlīṣ al-Ḍalāl. MS with Matharī (=Mutahhar) Ḥājj Muḥ. in Melika. - Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥm. b. Saʿīd al-Shammākhī (d. 928/1522): Mukhtaṣar Kitāb al-ʿAdl by Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf b. Ibr. al-Warjlānī. MS with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. (Ennami 1971, 292 ff.; Nachträge, 3-4). - Aḥm. b. Saʿīd al-Darjīnī (d. 2nd half 7th/13th century): Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh. MS with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. - K. al-As’ila wa’l-Ajwiba li-Ahl ʿUmān. - Muḥ. b. Sul. b. Ṣāliḥ al-Mīzābī: Naẓm al-Nīl. (See Maghrib, Yasjanī, Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Sul. b. Ṣāliḥ al-Mīzābī). - Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish: commentary on Maʿālim al-Dīn of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Thamīnī. Autograph MS with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. - Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish: commentary on the Lāmiyya of Ibn al-Naẓar. MS with Ṣāliḥ Bāʿimāra in Melika. (Nachträge, 4).
Keywords: Bibliographie; Bibliothèques -- Mzab; Manuscrits -- Djerba; Manuscrits -- Mzab

Die Juden von Dscherba - Glass, Zoltan (Atlantis, 1953)
Keywords: Judaïsme -- Djerba

Bericht des Dr. Ulrich Zasius über die Einnahme von Dscherba durch die Türken 1560 - Wachter, F. (Zeitschrift des Bergischen Geschichtsvereins, 1889)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

Ethnic, Linguistic, and Religious Pluralism in Oman: The Link with Political Stability - Ismāʿīlī, Aḥmad (AlMuntaqa, 2018)
This study examines pluralism and its impact on the political and religious balance in Omani Society, whether religious, linguistic, ethnic, and confessional pluralism or geographical and cultural pluralism. It frames the issue within its geographical and historical contexts and provides an anthropological account of structural patterns in a Gulf state which has rarely been studied. The research will observe three types of discourse, each of which attempts to redefine the components of Omani society and culture. The religious discourse and its significant effect on religious tolerance is the most dynamic discourse. In this context, the convergence of sectarian religious discourse in Oman will be discussed along with the extent to which the Omani Sultanate is influenced by the widespread sectarianism in the Greater Middle East today. The cultural discourse will also be discussed in its contemporary modern form, despite being structurally, sociologically, and politically incomplete. Finally, the paper also explores political discourse and its consolidation of pluralism as a concept in Omani society.
Keywords: Tolérance religieuse -- Oman

Reviewed Work: The Ports of Oman by Abdulrahman Al Salimi/Erich Staples - Hoffmann-Ruf, Michaela (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 2020)
Keywords: Recension

Preparing for the Women of the Future: Literacy and Development in the Sultanate of Oman - Yusuf Issan, Salha Abdullah (Hawwa, 2010)
Abstract Human resources play a key role in socio-economic growth and development in any society. Over the past forty years, research into various educational indicators particularly adult literacy rates and population enrollment in higher education institutions, indicate significant progress made towards gender equality in Oman. Omani women have shown remarkable attainment in entrance examinations at higher educational institutions, and they have also achieved noteworthy academic performance in their respectable fields of study. Although, women have had greater success in their educational achievements, this is not reflected in their participation in the labour market.The purpose of this essay is to analyze Oman’s educational reform, its successes and challenges, relative to the overall development objectives of the country, with particular emphasis on the female population as actors in/beneficiaries of the reform.

De nouvelles données sur les origines de l’ibadisme et l’élaboration de la théorie de l’imamat - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2012)

The Berbers of the Arabs - Rouighi, Ramzi (Studia Islamica, 2011)

Legislation and legitimation in Oman: the Basic Law - Siegfried, Nikolaus (Islamic Law and Society, 2000)
When Sultan Qabus issued Decree 101 on November 6, 1996, Oman was the last Arab country to implement a constitutional document. However, the political impact of this document is controversial: Whereas some consider the Basic Law a step towards democratization, others see merely a continuation of traditional policies. In this article I investigate the innovative potential of the Basic Law. Against the background of Omani and regional history and European and Islamic constitutional thought, I review the Decree with regard to authority and legitimation. I suggest that the law is mainly symbolic in character. It exploits tribal and Islamic concepts to create a historically unfounded notion of a homogeneous state. The civil liberties it grants do not extend to the public sphere. I conclude that Oman's Basic Law does nothing more than to freeze the status quo, according to which the Sultan remains the only recognized authority in the state.
Keywords: Vie politique -- Oman -- 1970-2020

Oman and Omani identity during the nahḍahs: A Comparison of Three Modern Historiographic Works - Coppola, Anna Rita (Oriente Moderno, 2014)
The present article analyzes the historiographic works of three Omani ʿulamāʾ during the twentieth century. It tries to contextualize them in the historical period in which they were written, showing the peculiarity of Omani literature in the context of the Arab world. This is due to various factors: first of all the development of its history constantly characterized by the Ibadhi religion. For example the nahḍah and the reformism have taken on different meanings in Oman, especially in the modernizing era of Sultan Qābūs’s rule. Omani historiography is part and the product of this peculiarity. It narrates the changes and events in Oman and shows how the historiographer is affected by history, culture and religion.
Keywords: Réformisme -- Oman

One or Three? Exploring the Scholarly Conflict over the Question of Triple riple Talāq (Divorce) in Islamic Law with Particular Emphasis on Oman - Azri, Khalid al- (Arab Law Quarterly, 2011)
This article explores Talāq, which refers to the right of men in Islam to divorce their wives, with particular emphasis upon triple Talāq. This article seeks to answer the question of how triple Talāq at one time is applied in modern-day Muslim societies, in light of contemporary socio-economic conditions. The historical events surrounding the emergence of triple Talāq in Islam demonstrates the possibility of its renewal in Islamic law. This is significant because it demonstrates that, contrary to the teaching of many Muslim scholars including contemporary Ibadī scholars in Oman, change and renewal are not inimical to Islam but rather intrinsic to it. I argue here that the inflexibility of Ibadī scholars regarding triple Talāq at one time promotes gender inequality and discriminatory practices in Oman, especially towards women. This article begins by exploring the different methods of Talāq in Islamic law. It then focuses on triple Talāq at one time (in one event). The discussion of triple Talāq at one time aims to explore the interaction between legal, economic and social factors, on one hand, and how these factors have affected the law of triple Talāq during both pre-modern and contemporary Muslim societies. Subsequently, the article will examine how contemporary Muslim scholars react to the new social and economic factors associated with triple Talāq at one time.
Keywords: Fiqh -- mariage

Slaves and Silver across the Strait of Gibraltar: Politics and Trade between Umayyad Iberia and Khārijite North Africa - Gaiser, Adam R. (Medieval Encounters, 2013)
berian Umayyad relations with the Ibāḍī Rustumids and the Ṣufrī Midrārids have not been well understood. After an initial period of Khārijite rebellion against the Umayyads in the 120s/740s, in which Khārijite revolutions in North Africa spilled over into the Iberian Peninsula, profound ties developed between the Umayyad amīrs, and the Midrārid and Rustumid imāms. In the far Maghrib, where ‘Abbāsid power did not reach, trade—especially the trade in human beings—brought these erstwhile political and religious enemies together. Relationships between these groups lasted well beyond the destruction of the Midrārid and Rustumid dynasties in the early fourth/tenth century. This paper re-examines the textual and numismatic evidence for Ibāḍī, Ṣufrī, Iberian Umayyad (and even early ‘Abbāsid) relations in order to propose that strong economic interests based primarily in the slave trade underlay the political ties that developed in the late second/eighth century between these groups.
Keywords: Esclavage -- Afrique du nord

The Myth of the Sultans in the Western Indian Ocean during the Nineteenth Century: A New Hypothesis - Nicolini, Beatrice (African and Asian Studies, 2009)
Abstract The power of the Al Bu Sa'id Sultans of Oman was widely known as based on delicate balances of forces (and ethnic-social groups), deeply different among them. In fact, the elements that composed the nineteenth century Omani leadership were, and had always been, generally 'divided' amongst three different ethnic groups: the Baluch, the Asian merchant communities and the African regional leaders (Mwiny Mkuu). Within this framework, the role played by European Powers, particularly by the Treaties signed between the Sultans of Oman and the East India Company for abolishing slavery, and by the arms trade was crucial for the development of the Gulf and the Western Indian Ocean international networks They highly contributed to the gradual 'shifting' of the Omanis from the slave trade to clove and spice cultivation – the major economic source of Zanzibar Island – along the coastal area of Sub-Saharan East Africa. The role played by the Omani Sultans – the myth – within the western traditional historiography, which often described them as firmly controlling both the Arabian and African littorals and the major trading ports of the Western Indian Ocean during the nineteenth century, will be reexamined in this paper, taking into account recent research studies and international debates in the topic. The new hypothesis consists of a different perception of the concepts of power and control (political and territorial) of the Western Indian Ocean littorals by the most famous of the Sultans of Oman during the nineteenth century: Saiyid Sa'id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa'id.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Transoceanic Orientalism and Embodied Translation in Sayyida Salme/Emily Ruete’s Memoirs - Oruc, Firat (Hawwa, 2019)
Emily Ruete’s Memoirs of an Arabian Princess was first published, in German, in 1886, on the threshold of the nineteenth-century imperialist “Scramble for Africa.” Ruete’s exilic relationship with both Europe and Africa made her an insider-outsider, well positioned to capture the imperial stage of Enlightenment Orientalism in flux and transmit it across the oceans to a public who would have found the life she describes unimaginable. In relaying the story of how Sayyida Salme became Emily Ruete, the Memoirs employs a mode of translation that is simultaneously linguistic, cultural, religious, and material. In Ruete’s case, translation is an embodied act. As a translator, Salme/Ruete critically and comparatively translates Zanzibar, and by extension the “Orient,” for a Western audience by virtue of her body being able to enter into and to pass through multiple social and cultural spaces.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Patterns and Peculiarities of Islamic Reform in Africa - Loimeier, Roman (Journal of Religion in Africa, 2003)
Abstract African Muslim societies were characterised, in the 20th century, by the emergence of reformist movements that have gained, since the 1970s, major social, religious and political influence in a number of countries, including Northern Nigeria, Senegal, Zanzibar and Sudan. These movements of reform are, however, not recent phenomena. Rather, they look back to a history of several generations of reformist endeavour and thought that may have been influenced, to a certain extent, by external sources of inspiration. This contribution shows how the biographies of major reformist personalities such as Cheikh Touré in Senegal, Abubakar Gumi in Northern Nigeria and 'Abdallâh Sâlih al-Farsy in East Africa reflect a number of common features of Islamic reform in Africa, while their programmes of reform were shaped, at the same time, by local frame conditions.
Keywords: Zanzibar

From Zanzibar to Zaytun: Iranian Merchants across the Indian Ocean Basin - Foltz, Richard (Iran and the Caucasus, 2018)
The role of Iranian merchants in the maritime trade of the Indian Ocean basin from antiquity up to the 16th century is often underestimated. From scholarly histories to popular culture the “Muslim sailor” is typically portrayed as being an Arab. In fact, from pre-Islamic times the principal actors in Indian Ocean trade were predominantly Persian, as attested by the archaeological data, local written records, and the names of places and individuals.
Keywords: Zanzibar

The Omani-Zanzibari Family: Between Politics and Pedigree in an Empire on the Rim - Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa (Hawwa, 2018)
Through a multi-sited ethnological lens, this article highlights the influences of political and economic dynamics on the Omani-Zanzibari family construction. It explores the fluid nature of the Omani-Swahili identity, the role of the family institution in regulating morality and sexuality, and the impacts of political events and forces on the development of multiple family configurations. It further analyzes key societal concepts such as marriage, legitimacy, succession, post-forced-displacement adaptation, and evolutionary identity. Through a qualitative study, the author uses fieldwork in Oman and Zanzibar, a range of primary archival sources, dialogues with prominent Omani-Zanzibari personalities, and published and private personal memoirs reflecting key historical periods in the development of Omani-Zanzibari identities to speak to the themes of the Omani polity that are unique to the Gulf.
Keywords: Moeurs et coutumes -- Zanzibar

Controcorrente? il Caso Della Comunità Khogia di Zanzibar - Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia (Oriente Moderno, 1995)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Notes On Some Indo-Pacific Pontoniinae. Xix. Allopontonia Iaini Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., a New Echinoid Associate From Zanzibar (Decapoda, Caridea) - Bruce, A.J. (Crustaceana, 1972)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Cirolana Mercuryi Sp. Nov., A Distinctive Cirolanid Isopod (flabellifera) From The Corals Reefs Of Zanzibar, East Africa - Bruce, Niel (Crustaceana, 2003)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Islamic Law, Gender, and Social Change in Post-Abolition Zanzibar - Kapteijns, Lidwien (Islamic Africa, 2016)
Keywords: Recension; Zanzibar

The Makran-Baluch-African Network in Zanzibar and East Africa during the XIXth Century - Nicolini, Beatrice (African and Asian Studies, 2006)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Islamic Law, Gender, and Social Change in Post-Abolition Zanzibar, written by Elke E. Stockreiter, 2015 - Stiles, Erin E. (Islamic Law and Society, 2016)
Keywords: Recension; Zanzibar

Islamic Law, Gender, and Social Change in Post-Abolition Zanzibar, written by Elke E. Stockreiter - McMahon, Elisabeth (Journal of Religion in Africa, 2016)
Keywords: Recension; Zanzibar

South Asians in East Africa (1880-1920) with a Particular Focus on Zanzibar: Toward a Historical Explanation of Economic Success of a Middlemen Minority - Oonk, Gijsbert (African and Asian Studies, 2006)
Abstract The main object of this article is to falsify the common historical portrait of South Asians in Zanzibar and East Africa. Most studies, a-priori, assume the outstanding business success of the Asian minority in East Africa. In explaining this success, they emphasize common explanations and theories for their economic success, like hard work, having a superior business mind, using their ethnic resources for capital accumulation and knowledge of (international) markets. In this article I attempt to explain the success of South Asians in Zanzibar, East Africa, from a historical point of view. My main argument is that South Asians started with a far more favorable socio-economic position as compared to their African counterparts. They were more than Swahilis, accustomed with a money economy and the concept of interest. In addition, they knew how to read, write and produce account books. Finally, they had access to the rulers, and were able to negotiate profitable terms of trade. Nevertheless, many were not successful at all and went bankrupt. Therefore, the success of South Asians in East Africa may be explained as the outcome of a 'trial and error' process. The successful remained in East Africa, whereas others left. India remained a safety net for those who did not make out as well as a source for new recruitment of traders, shopkeepers and clerks.
Keywords: Emigration -- Inde -- Zanzibar

The Legacy of Bishop Frank Weston of Zanzibar 1871-1924 in the Global South Anglicanism - Byaruhanga, Christopher (Exchange, 2006)
Abstract The idea of comprehensiveness, which I call 'facing-both-ways' in matters of faith, is unknown, at least for now, in the Global South Anglicanism where the Anglican Church is used to preaching the Gospel plainly and unmistakably. The story of homosexuality in the Anglican Communion came to the spotlight at the 1998 Lambeth Conference, at which the Anglican bishops of the Global South of the Anglican Communion emerged as the most prominent opponents of any form of approval of homosexual practice by the Anglican Church. By asking the hard question as Bishop Frank Weston of Zanzibar did in 1913: Anglican Communion: For What Should She Stand? Anglican bishops of the Global South of the Anglican Communion drew the Communion's attention to the place and role of Global South Anglicanism in the Communion and World Christianity.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Teachers, Scholars and Educationists: The Impact of Hadrami-'Alawi Teachers and Teachings on Islamic Education in Zanzibar ca. 1870–1930 - Bang, Anne K. (Asian Journal of Social Science, 2007)
Hadrami scholars have long been recognized as well as been influential teachers of East African Islam, especially in the late 18th and early 19th century. is article traces the role of Hadrami teachers and scholars on Islamic education in Zanzibar between c. 1870 and 1930. The article analyses different levels of Islamic education and traces the texts and teachers who came to influence generations of Muslims in the British-Bū Saīdī protectorate.
Keywords: Zanzibar

'These Young Men Show No Respect for Local Customs'—Globalisation and Islamic Revival in Zanzibar - Turner, Simon (Journal of Religion in Africa, 2009)
Like elsewhere in Africa, local forms of Islam are being challenged by a number of new reformist and revivalist forms of Islam, influenced to some degree by a global Islamic revival but shaped by particular local histories and politics. This has caused some friction, especially as the regime in place seeks to manipulate these tensions for political benefit. Central to this struggle are the young men who have studied Islam abroad and who challenge the established truths of the traditional religious authorities; these authorities in turn accuse 'the youth' of bringing foreign, 'Arab' ideas and politics to Zanzibar. However, the kind of Islamic revival taking place in Zanzibar is far from radical or violent, and it is not appropriate to pose the present situation in terms of global Salafism versus local Sufism. In fact, Islamic revivalists often coin their critique of the state in terms of human rights and good governance and provide an alternative modernity that simultaneously challenges and articulates secular, liberal forms of modernity. Islamic revival critiques what is perceived as society's moral disorder and the state's inability to deal with new global challenges. Hence the present paper explores how global trends in Islam—but also global discourses on human rights and good governance—influence the current modes of Islamic revival in Zanzibar. With a heavily restricted political field, Islam can be a means of critiquing society without getting involved in politics. However, the government and the traditional religious authorities perceive this revivalism as a threat to the status quo and attempt therefore to politicise the struggle, accusing Islamic movements of fundamentalism and terrorism. It is within this political environment that Islamic revival must navigate.
Keywords: Zanzibar

“The Ignorant Do Not Belong to Any Particular Sect”: Legal Practice and Social Identities in Colonial Zanzibar - Stockreiter, Elke E. (Islamic Law and Society, 2016)
Omani and British reforms of Zanzibar’s judiciary date back to the 1820s, when the abolition of the slave trade justified Western control of the sultanate’s political economy. The sultan enacted the abolition of slavery as a legal status in 1897, seven years after Zanzibar had become a British protectorate. Through the lens of a 1948 inheritance case, I analyze how colonial judicial reforms shaped the negotiation of grievances and the judges’ interpretations of social equality. As members of the colonial elite, both Muslim and British judges were embedded in a racialized social hierarchy. Their reasoning not only exposes the continuous marginalization of former slaves but also attests to ex-slaves’ ability to assert material power. While a Muslim and a British judge used different hermeneutics, both validated the marriage of a Hadrami water carrier to a former slave, thereby affirming his entitlement to a share of his wife’s estate.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Revisiting the Legality of the Union between the Republic of Tanganyika and the People’s Republic of Zanzibar - Said, Said N. (African Journal of Legal Studies, 2019)
Abstract While every year the people of the United Republic of Tanzania witness the new anniversary of the Union between the former Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, this paper intends to examine how strong its legal foundation stands. The union was established by the two leaders; Nyerere for Tanganyika and Karume for Zanzibar. After their signatures, the agreement was required for ratification at Zanzibar and Tanganyika legislative bodies. Only Tanganyika ratified. Surprisingly, even though Zanzibar did not ratify, the union was made. On this background foundation, the union legality has been repeatedly criticized. While those who question the legality of the union stick on the point of ratification, those who consider its legitimacy, assert that the question of validity has waned due to the period the union has survived. The findings in this article argue otherwise, in fact, the issue has grown to such extent that it haunts everyone in Tanzania.
Keywords: Zanzibar

“It is Your Right to Buy a Divorce”: Judicial Khuluu in Zanzibar - Stiles, Erin E. (Islamic Law and Society, 2019)
Abstract Judicial khuluu (<Ar. khulʿ ) in Zanzibar differs from judicial khulʿ in Arab countries that have recently introduced it through legislative reform. In Zanzibar’s Islamic courts, khuluu is used primarily as a judicial mechanism for ending a marriage when a judge determines a wife to be responsible for the breakdown of the marriage. Zanzibari women rarely file for khuluu because it is expensive and is associated with a woman’s failure in her marriage. Herein, I explain why judges in Zanzibar regard khuluu as a punitive measure that can be used to end a marriage when a woman is determined to be responsible for the marital discord, or when there are no grounds for judicial dissolution through fasikhi (<Ar. faskh , annulment). I also show that judges view khuluu as a right that a woman can exercise to extricate herself from marriage, a right that judges sometimes encourage in court.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Social and Intercultural Relations in Nineteenth-Century Zanzibar: Dressed Identity - Vander biesen, Ivan (African and Asian Studies, 2009)
Starting from the nineteenth century descriptive literatures on Zanzibar by authors such as Sir Richard Burton and Charles Guillain, and Salima bint Said-Ruete's autobiography, we can draw a rather detailed picture of the relationship between the different social layers, cultures and genders on Zanzibar. Describing and differentiating the complexity of Zanzibar society in the nineteenth century is the main aim of this paper. The focus is on clothing in order to sketch the social organization of the society and to highlight the cultural relations between the different groups in Zanzibar. The evidence obtained from the description of clothing is used as an eye-opener for the Zanzibar society and this evidence is supported by nineteenth century literature and photography on Zanzibar.
Keywords: Zanzibar

An Exaggeration of Qur’an by the Baghdadi Mu‘tazilite: Studying Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Manuscripta Orientalia, 2014)
The objective of this paper is to shed the light to the series of manuscripts of the treatise al-Mutashabih fi al-Qur’an ( Ambiguous [ayat] in the Qur’an ) by Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi, Mu'tazilte scholar of Baghdad. The problem discussed is the exaggeration of the Qur’an which was the point of sharp theological debates. We know comparatively well the Mu'tazilte works produced in Basra while the work by Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi reflects comprehensively the school of Baghdad. The journey of the treatise through the Muslim world as presented by its manuscripts started from Central Asia, they appeared in Yemen and Oman and finally in one of the European libraries.
Keywords: Coran -- Commentaires

The Influence of Ibadi Siyar Manuscripts on the Orientalists'' Understanding of the History of Early Islamic Theology - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Manuscripta Orientalia, 2017)
The article is devoted to the achievements and approaches of specialists, mostly American, British, German, French and Italian in the analysis of Ibadi siyar and the new perspectives of the research connected with the analysis of the MSS material. The general tendency in the field now is to follow the footsteps of Van Ess, Madelung and Cook, and rather than developing new theories and hypotheses, to seek out and identify well documented texts that will offer a reliable picture of Islamic thought before the 3rd/9th century. To provide a clearer general context, the texts could also be rearranged in historical order and grouped on the basis of the ideas they present. Most works produced by the different Ibadi groups during the early period are not representative of particular literary genre. However, we do not have precise data on the Islamic material on ‘ilm al-kalam that has been discovered so far from the period up to the end of the 3rd/9th century. Because of the importance attached to siyar by Ibadi ‘ulama’ during the 10th/16th and 11th/17th centuries Ibabi schools began to seek out their roots and collect early manuscripts and works of literature on the Ibadi legacy... The article is devoted to the achievements and approaches of specialists, mostly American, British, German, French and Italian in the analysis of Ibadi siyar and the new perspectives of the research connected with the analysis of the MSS material. The general tendency in the field now is to follow the footsteps of Van Ess, Madelung and Cook, and rather than developing new theories and hypotheses, to seek out and identify well documented texts that will offer a reliable picture of Islamic thought before the 3rd/9th century. To provide a clearer general context, the texts could also be rearranged in historical order and grouped on the basis of the ideas they present. Most works produced by the different Ibadi groups during the early period are not representative of particular literary genre. However, we do not have precise data on the Islamic material on ‘ilm al-kalam that has been discovered so far from the period up to the end of the 3rd/9th century. Because of the importance attached to siyar by Ibadi ‘ulama’ during the 10th/16th and 11th/17th centuries Ibabi schools began to seek out their roots and collect early manuscripts and works of literature on the Ibadi legacy. The latter were copied and preserved per se without diluting them or considering them in the context of the other Islamic schools. That is why the Ibadi school was able to remain united and steadfast in the face of the contemporary modernization movements which continue to this day. Most of the compilations of the texts that are currently in our possession comprise not more than ten volumes in all. Scholars and copyists have rearranged each of these manuscripts, so that each copy has a different number and sequence of siyar texts. The existing text formats raise the important question of whether Ibabi siyar are actually a literary genre. Until now nobody has really studied siyar in such a way that their specific genre characteristics have been defined in detail.

The Notion of Sunna: An Eclectic Reading in the Ibadhi Legacy - Kindī, Aḥmad al-; Bouzenita, Anke Iman (International Journal of Islamic Thought, 2018)

Al Salimi, Abdulrahman and Staples, Eric: A Maritime Lexicon. Arabic Nautical Terminology in the Indian Ocean. English-Arabic Edition. Hildesheim/Zürich/New York: Georg Olms Verlag 2019. 641 S. m. 341 Abb. 4° = Studies on Ibadism and Oman. Vol. 11. Hartb. € 88,00. ISBN 978-3-487-15393-3. - Müller, Walter W. (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 2020)
Keywords: Recension

Early Ibāḍī Literature: Abu l-Mundhir Bashīr b. Muḥammad b. Maḥbūb Kitāb al-Raṣf fi l-Tawḥīd, Kitāb al-Muḥāraba and Sīra, by Abdulrahman al-Salimi and Wilferd Madelung (eds.) - Gaiser, Adam R. (Ilahiyat Studies, 2010)
Keywords: Recension

The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam, by Valerie J. Hoffman - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Ilahiyat studies, 2013)
Keywords: Recension

A Reading in the Applied Ibāḍī Fiqh of International Relations: The Directive of Imām al-Ṣalt (d. 275/888) to His Army Concerning Socotra - Bouzenita, Anke Iman (Ilahiyat Studies, 2019)
Keywords: Fiqh; Vie politique -- Oman -- 9e siècle

Review of Oman. A Maritime History - Gemeinhardt-Buschhardt, Konstanze (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 2020)
Keywords: Recension

Arabskie plantacje goździków na Zanzibarze i Pembie w XIX w.: uwarunkowania społeczne i kulturowe - Żbik, Sebastian (Afryka, 2017)
The article analyses the Arab clove plantations on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba in the nineteenth century. The aim of this analysis is to show the functioning of a non-European model of plantations using slave labour. The author presents the organisation of work on the clove cultivation and characterises the owners and the workforce. He describes not only changes that affected this system in the nineteenth century, but also indicates the extent to which the plantations themselves contributed to the social and economic transition of the islands. The Arab model of plantation is shown compared to the similar systems in the Americas, highlighting common features of this institution as well as its unique elements on Zanzibar and Pemba.
Keywords: Esclavage -- Zanzibar

Wpływ geograficznego, społecznego i ekonomicznego środowiska Afryki Wschodniej na omański model osadnictwa w latach 1806–1856 - Żbik, Sebastian (Studia Geohistorica, 2020)
The present article analyses the impact of different East African geographical, social and economic conditions on the settlement model of the Omani in this area in 1806–1856. The article indicates that the Oman settlement model has undergone significant changes, including the appearance of new forms of settlement, a change in building material, and the adoption of solutions practiced by African cultures. On the other hand, however, many important elements, such as the architecture and tribal settlement structure, were transferred to East Africa.
Keywords: Relations -- Oman -- Afrique de l'Est

Le périple de Qalasâdî en Tunisie - Sassi, Jomaa (Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 1994)
Keywords: Récits de voyage -- Djerba

Guiniforte Barzizza all’impresa di Gerba del 1482 e un poemetto inedito di Antonio Canobio sullo stesso avvenimento - Romano, Giacinto (Archivio storico siciliano, 1892)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

Mağmāğ et les sept savants : la création du Dīwān al-ʿazzāba - Prevost, Virginie (Acta Orientalia, 2012)
Keywords: Fiqh -- Traité -- 11e siècle

L’urbanisme des ibadites maghrébins médiévaux et le cas particulier de Djerba - Prevost, Virginie (Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 2006)
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Djerba

Genèse et développement de la halqa chez les Ibadites maghrébins - Prevost, Virginie (Acta Orientalia Belgica, 2006)
Keywords: Ibadisme -- Djerba

Les ragoûts de chien: prophylaxie, beauté et gastronomie - Prevost, Virginie (Horizons maghrébins, 2006)
Keywords: Alimentation -- Djerba

Zizu, l’île mystérieuse d’al-Idrisi - Prevost, Virginie (Acta Orientalia Belgica, 2005)
Keywords: Géographie -- Djerba

La renaissance des ibāḍites wahbites à Djerba au Xe siècle - Prevost, Virginie (Folia Orientalia, 2004)

Épisodes de la carrière de Dragut. II, Le stratagème de Dragut à El Kantara de Djerba - Monchicourt, Charles (Revue tunisienne, 1918)

La partecipazione di Suleimàn el-Barùni alla guerra di Libia - Veccia Vaglieri, Laura (L'Oltremare, 1934)
Keywords: Bārūnī, Sulaymān al- (1870-1940); Invasion italienne -- Libye

Grammaire de la teggargrent (berbère parlé à Ouargla) - Delheure, Jean; Ochoa, Juan Antonio; Ould-Braham, Ouahmi (Études et Documents Berbères, 2019)
Keywords: Linguistique -- Ouargla

Écouter le conte d’un manuscrit penser avec une copie d’une chronique ibadite de la bibliothèque Barouni à Djerba - Love Jr, Paul M. (Études et Documents Berbères, 2016)
Keywords: Bibliothèques -- Djerba

A note on texts from the library of Adolphe de Calassanti-Motylinski (1854-1907) - Love Jr, Paul M. (Études et Documents Berbères, 2019)
Keywords: Manuscrits -- Etats-Unis; Manuscrits -- Lviv; Orientalisme -- France

Djerba and the Limits of Rustamid Power. Considering the Ibāḍī Community of Djerba under the Rustamid Imāms of Tāhert (779-909CE) - Love Jr, Paul M. (Al-Qantara : Revista de Estudios Arabes, 2013)
This article is aimed at analyzing the medieval and modern source material dealing with the history of Djerba under the Rustamid Imāmate in an attempt to clarify the nature of both the historical and historiographical relationship between them. It will begin by discussing the available primary and secondary source material, including the historiographical challenges they present. An analysis of the textual and archeological evidence connecting the Rustamids and Djerba will follow. Next, it will attempt to synthesize the scattered bits of evidence available in the historical record in an effort to present a clearer picture of Djerba in the Rustamid period. On the basis of this textual and archeological evidence, it will be argued that Djerba was home to an ibādī community independent of the government in Tahert for the majority ‒if not all‒ of that Imāmate’s existence ‒distinguishing the island from the surrounding areas of the Djerid (in southern Tunisia), parts of Aghlabid Ifrīqiya and the Jebel Nafūsa. Furthermore, it will be shown that evidence suggests this independence was not only a political, but also a religious one. Este ensayo analiza las fuentes de origen medieval y moderno sobre la historia de Ŷarba en el Imāmato rustamí en un intento de aclarar la naturaleza de la relación histórica e historiográfica entre ellos. Se empieza por discutir las fuentes primarias y secundarias disponibles, incluyendo los retos historiográficos que plantean y se presenta a continuación un análisis de las evidencias textuales y arqueológicas que conectan a los rustamíes con Ŷarba. Se intenta después sintetizar las piezas dispersas de la evidencia disponible en el registro histórico con el fin de presentar una imagen más clara de Ŷarba durante el período rustamí. Con base en esta evidencia textual y arqueológica, se argumentará que Ŷarba era hogar de una comunidad ibādí independiente del gobierno en Tāhert durante la mayor parte (si no en su totalidad) de la existencia del Imāmato, distinguiendo así la isla de los alrededores del Ŷarid (en el sur de Túnez), partes de la Ifrīqiya Aglabí y el Ŷabal Nafūsa. Se muestra por último que la evidencia sugiere que esta independencia no era solamente política, sino religiosa.
Keywords: Monuments -- Djerba; Tâjdît, Mosquée (Fâtû, Djerba)

Jerba and Tripoli: A Comparative Analysis of Two Jewish Communities in the Maghrib - Goldberg, Harvey E. (Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 1994)
Responses to modernity in two North African Jewish centres—Jerba in southern Tunisia and Tripoli in Libya—are compared. The paper first demonstrates the close cultural connections between these communities during the past several centuries. It then shows how Jerba developed as the more active community, in terms of rabbinic culture, in the late 19th century. Next, it points to the main directions the two communities took in response to contact with Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries—sustained resistance on the part of the Jews of Jerba and pragmatic accommodation, while maintaining attachment to tradition, on the part of the Jews of Tripoli. Particular attention will be paid to the way rabbinic culture interacted with wider communal religious culture in each instance. Finally, various explanations for this difference are considered, while citing comparative material from Tunisia and Tripolitania.
Keywords: Judaïsme -- Djebel Nefousa; Judaïsme -- Djerba

The Ibadiyah in Muslim Sicily - Chiarelli, Leonard (Al-ʿuṣūr al-wusṭa, The Bulletin of Middle East Medievalists, 2004)
Keywords: Ibadisme -- Sicile

A proposito di alcuni documenti sulla seconda spedizione di Alphonso V contra l’isola Gerba - Cerone, Francesco (Anuari de l’Institut d’Estudis catalans, 1910)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of the Commercial Activities in Desert Cities: A Case Study of Ghardaia, Algeria - Addoun, Tayeb; Hadeid, Mohamed (The Arab World Geographer, 2019)
The spatial distribution of the commercial activities in cities is very important in contemporary urban research and studies. Such inquiry seeks to detect the efficiency and sufficiency in meeting the needs of clients and customers. In this study, the evaluation styles and methods of these activities, distribution patterns, were multiplied and varied between a simple descriptive visual analyses and extending to geographic statistical analysis. This is related to the nature of the data used in the measurement of these phenomena and in the clarification of their role in urbanscape organization. The prime aim of this research focuses on the city of Ghardaia (an Algerian desert city) after it became markedly characterized by the phenomenon of commercial polarization and the multiplicity of population frequency to involving size and varied directions. The study endeavors to recognize the distribution pattern of commercial activities across the urban texture using a variety of statistical indicators, among them: a commercial density indicator, a commercial attraction and concentration indicator, and in addition to employ Kernel analysis to determine the spatial concentration of commercial activities in the Ghardaia cityscape, through multiple types of commercial activities.
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Mzab

Ballaghanā ʿan an-Nabī: early Basran and Omani Ibāḍī understandings of sunna and siyar, āthār, and nasab - Gaiser, Adam R. (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2020)
This paper explores the usages of four concepts – sunna, sīra, āthār, and nasab – mainly in early Ibāḍī epistles, but also in other types of Ibāḍī literature, to examine how early Ibāḍīs understood the legacy of the Prophet Muḥammad, and their relation to that legacy. It argues that before the sixth/twelfth century a notion of communal pedigree occupied pride of place in early Ibāḍī conceptualizations of legality and legitimacy. Thus, Ibāḍī sunna was “communal sunna”. The accumulated weight of Ibāḍī tradition – what is known as āthār in Ibāḍī literature – operated authoritatively as a counterpart to sunna; and the Ibāḍī siyar tradition did not focus on the Prophet exclusively, but rather described the scholarly community as an imagined whole. Moreover, Ibāḍīs explicitly articulated their communal pedigree in “teacher lines” (called nasab al-dīn or nasab al-islām) in Omani literature, and through the structure of their ṭabaqāt/siyar works in North Africa. Appreciating the importance of this communal pedigree, and the nexus of concepts through which it was articulated, helps us to understand the relative lack of emphasis placed on collecting and documenting ḥadīth (Ibāḍīs employ ḥadīth, but they did not use isnāds, nor did they appear to have a ḥadīth collection until the sixth/twelfth century), as well as the general absence of Prophetic biography among them (which also does not appear until the sixth/twelfth century).

Ibadism in the Studies of ʿAli Yahya Muʿammar - Yildiz, Harun (Hemispheres, 2019)
Keywords: Muʿammar, Ali Yahya (19XX-1984)

A forgotten collection: the Libyan ethnobotanical exhibits (1912-14) by A. Trotter at the Museum O. Comes at the University Federico II in Naples, Italy - De Natale, Antonino; Pollio, Antonino (Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2012)
Keywords: Botanique -- Djebel Nefousa

American Mission activities in Libya 2005–16: report - Kane, Susan; Raynolds, William; Carrier, Sam (Libyan Studies, 2017)
Abstract This essay outlines the capacity-building work of the American Archaeological Mission to Libya between the years 2005 and 2016. This work was made possible by grants from the US Embassy to Libya, the US State Department Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP) and the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs in Washington, DC. The principles and objectives underlying our capacity-building programme were inspired by the 2003 UNESCO World Heritage Centre Mission Report by Giovanni Boccardi, in particular his recommendation that the Libyan Department of Antiquities obtain training in the best modern cultural heritage management practices via sustained partnerships with external professionals and organisations. يضع هذا التقرير خطوطاً عريضة لبناء القدرات الذي تقوم به بعثة الآثار الأمريكية إلى ليبيا بين الأعوام 2005–2016. إن المنح التي قدمتها السفارة الأمريكية في ليبيا وصندوق السفراء لحماية التراث (AFCP) ومكتب شؤؤون الشرق الأدنى في واشنطن جعل هذا العمل ممكناً. إن المبادئ والأهداف الأساسية لبرنامج بناء القدرات قد استوحيناها من تقرير جيوفاني بوكاردي لبعثة اليونسكو للتراث العالمي، وبالأخص توصيته بأن تقوم دائرة الآثار الليبية بالحصول على أفضل تدريب في إدارة الموروث الثقافي الحديث وذلك عن طريق شراكات مستدامة مع مهنيين ومؤسسات من الخارج .
Keywords: Archéologie -- Djebel Nefousa

Military artwork in Libya dating from the Second World War - Simpson, Richard (Libyan Studies, 2004)
Three years ago, a reader of this Journal sent a photograph of an elaborate drawing from Garian, a town in the Jabal Nafusa region to the south of Tripoli and asked what information could be found about it. Noticing a similarity to another photographed drawing published by Paula Hardy (2002, 120-21) we asked Richard Simpson, an expert on World War II nose art, to give an opinion. Both images date to the Second World War and are examples of military artwork of that time.

Local hosting and transnational identity - Hoffman, Katherine E. (Forced Migration Review, 2012)
Initially, as groups of migrant workers crossed into Tunisia en route to the airport on the Tunisian island of Djerba, Tunisian villagers organised cooking crews, with men cooking together in community centres and women cooking separately in their homes. The shared language and similar customs facilitated Libyan integration into Tunisian villages and small towns. Since pre-schoolaged Libyan children in the Nafusa Mountains usually only speak Tamazight, Libyan women felt reassured living among Tamazight speakers.

Virginie Prevost: Les mosquées ibadites du Djebel Nafūsa. Architecture, histoire et religions du nord-ouest de la Libye (viiie/xiiie siècle). (Society for Libyan Studies Monograph, 10.) xxi, 232 pp. London: The Society for Libyan Studies, 2016. ISBN 978 1 900971 41 6. - Aillet, Cyrille (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Zwara (Zuwārah) Berber - Gussenhoven, Carlos (Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2018)
Zwara Berber is a variety of Nafusi (ISO 639-3; Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016) which belongs to the eastern Zenati group within northern Berber (where Berber is the scientific term for Tamazight), a branch of Afro-Asiatic. Zwara (Zuwārah, Zuwara, Zuāra, Zuara, Zouara) is a coastal city located at 32.9° N, 12.1° E in Libya. The speakers refer to themselves as / a t ˈ w i l . l u l / (also / a j t ˈ w i l . l u l /) ‘those of Willul’ and to their specific variety of the language as / t .ˈ w i l . l u l t / ‘the language of Willul’. Having no official status during the Italian colonization of Libya and the first period after the country's independence in 1951, repression of the language became severe after the Cultural Revolution of 1973. Its propagation through teaching and the media fell under a constitutional ban on the denial of the Arab identity of the state, and qualified as such as treason, a capital offense. Until the revolution of 2011 (‘17 February’), the language was therefore not spoken in cultural, educational or governmental domains and could not be taught, printed or broadcast. The number of Tamazight speakers in Libya is estimated at 184,000 in Lewis et al. (2016) and at 560,000 by Chakel & Ferkal (2012). In the absence of a municipal register, the number of inhabitants in Zwara is uncertain. A conservative estimate is between 50,000 and 100,000, which is also the number of speakers of the Zwara variety. Other than through exposure by radio and television, children learn Arabic only from age six, when attending school. Speakers have variable L2 Arabic competence depending on exposure to the language.
Keywords: Linguistique -- Zouara

Expressing Entitlement in Colonial Algeria: Villagers, Medical Doctors, and the State in the Early 20th Century - Clark, Hannah-Louise (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2016)
A second petition originated in the commune mixte of La Meskiana in July 1917 (see Fig. 3). Official figures from the turn of the century recorded an estimated population of 57,802 seminomadic "natives" and 1,919 Europeans spread over 448,480 hectares. It took administrative orders at least two days to reach the administrator of La Meskiana from the prefecture of Constantine, which was situated 220 kilometers away. The duwwar sixty or seventy kilometers distance from the infirmary in La Meskiana were barely accessible by mule tracks. Whereas the previous petition united the European, Muslim, and Jewish inhabitants of Châteaudun-du-Rhumel, the Muslim landowners, tradesmen, and their servants who signed the shikaya from La Meskiana did so independently of Europeans and Jews. Seventy-three individuals signed the shikaya, which was written in a mixture of classical Arabic and Arabic dialect. It was probably drawn up by Salah bin [illegible] bin Gharbal al-Jarbi, whose signature resembles the handwriting of the text closely. The petition drew a considerable portion of its support--nine of its total seventy-three signatures--from men belonging to families from the Tunisian island of Djerba (Jarba).
Keywords: Emigration -- Djerba -- Algérie -- 20e siècle; Ibn Ghurbal, Salah

Mishna Tractate Shevi it in the Reading-Tradition of Three Communities by Ktzia Katz - Basser, Herbert W. (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1995)
Keywords: Recension

The Dido Episode in Ercilla's La Araucana and the Critique of Empire - Galperin, Karina; Wright, Elizabeth R. (Hispanic Review, 2009)
Keywords: Littérature -- Djerba

Island of silences (Sight and Sound, 2001)
Keywords: Littérature -- Djerba

The homecoming - Halberstadt, Ilona (Sight and Sound, 2001)
Keywords: Recension

“Mirages de l'outre-mer”: Postcolonial Travel in Rachid Boudjedra's Topographie idéale pour une agression caractérisée - Livi Yoshioka-Maxwell (Research in African Literatures, 2018)

Map of Djerba - Marcusa, Andrea (Ryver Styx)
Keywords: Littérature -- Djerba

Kûfan Political Alignments and their Background in the Mid-Seventh Century a.d. - Hinds, Martin (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1971)
The period of the so-called Patriarchal Caliphs continues to be rich with questions which can be investigated only with material which often seems less than adequate. Among the more intriguing questions are those connected with the rôle of Kûfa and the emergence there of the political alignments with which representatives both of the early Umayyad caliphs and of the anti-caliph Ibn al-Zubary had later to deal, viz. the Khawârij, the Shi'a and the tribal ashrâf. The remarks in this article are intended to present a broad picture of conclusions reached in a more detailed study of the formation of these political alignments – conclusions which are based on evidence contained in the earliest Islamic historical sources available to us, notably those of al-Balâdhurî, al-Tabarî, Ibn Sa'd, Ibn A'tham al-Kûfî, Khalîfa b. Khayyât and Nasr b. Muzâhim al-Minqarî.
Keywords: Qurra

The Murder of the Caliph 'Uthmân - Hinds, Martin (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1972)
The murder of ‘Uthmân was an important turning-point in Islamic history, and the story of how opposition in the provinces, particularly Egypt, combined with opposition at Medina itself and brought about the Caliph's death has been repeated many times. Accounts in sources such as al-Tabarî's History and al-Balâdhurîs Ansâb al-ashrâf bring together much transmitted detail concerning this dénouement. Caetani's monumental Annali dell'Islam serves as an extensive compilation of such detail, and Wellhausen, Levi Delia Vida, Gibb, Veccia Vaglieri and Petersen are only some of the other modern scholars who have commented on the event. Perhaps Professor Gibb best expresses the current view of the background to it in his thought-provoking article entitled ‘An interpretation of Islamic history’, where he sees in the caliphate of 'Uthmân a conflict between two main parties, the Meccans and the ‘tribesmen’. He points out that the Meccan merchants had been swift to seize the opportunities of wealth which arose in the immediate post-conquest phase, and goes on to say that in the course of 'Uthman's caliphate there arose at Medina ‘growing resentment at the rapid affirmation of Meccan political control… and the economic exploitation of the empire. Open discontent was first expressed by several religious personalities, whose conscience was shocked by the worldliness and grasping materialism displayed in the name of Islam. But these only provided a rallying-cry and a cloak for the material grievances of the tribesmen and Medinians, who swung into line behind them.’ Gibb therefore sees a total of four alignments, of which the Meccans and the tribesmen were the main parties, while the Medinans and the so-called religious party were secondary in importance.
Keywords: Fitnah

The Banners and Battle Cries of the Arabs at Ṣiffīn - Hinds, Martin (al-Abhath, 1971)
Keywords: Fitnah

La Poesia Ḫārigita Nel Secolo Degli Omayyadi - Gabrieli, Francesco (Rivista degli studi orientali, 1943)
Keywords: Kharijisme

Sui Ḫārigiti - Guidi, Michelangelo (Rivista degli studi orientali, 1945)
Keywords: Kharijisme

Michelangelo Guidi (19 marzo 1886-15 giugno 1946) - Levi Della Vida, Giorgio (Rivista degli studi orientali, 1946)
Keywords: Orientalisme -- Italie

Le fonti turche della battaglia delle Gerbe (1560) - Bombaci, Alessio (Rivista degli studi orientali, 1946)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes -- Djerba -- 1560

ظهور الخوارج - النعيمي, سليم (مجلة المجمع العلمي العراقي, 1967)
Keywords: Kharijisme

Political Theology in Early Islam: Ḥasan Al-Baṣrī's Treatise on Qadar - Obermann, Julian (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1935)

ʿAlī and Muʿāwiah: The rise of the Umayyad caliphate 656-661 - Petersen, Erling Ladewig (Acta Orientalia, 1958)
Keywords: Fitnah

Jeux de parcours du monde arabo-musulman (Afrique du Nord et Proche-Orient) - Depaulis, Thierry (International Journal for the Study of Board Games, 2001)
Keywords: Jeux -- Djerba

Minorités et politique de la reconnaissance en Algérie. La Kabylie et le Mzab - Tilmatine, Mohand (Confluences Méditerranée, 2020)
La question des minorités linguistique et religieuse demeure un sujet quasi tabou en Algérie. La mise sous silence des langues berbères et la marginalisation des religions minoritaires sont remarquables par leur durée et leur constance. Cet article analyse certaines réponses des acteurs minoritaires de la Kabylie et du Mzab face aux politiques restrictives des gouvernements algériens successifs. L’analyse s’intéresse aux modes d’inclusion/ exclusion de ces minorités dans la nation et des formes de demandes de reconnaissance. En particulier, le processus de patrimonialisation focalise des enjeux politiques et symboliques autour desquels l’État et les minorités s’affrontent.

Ouargla heute - Suter, Karl (Geographica Helvetica, 1966)
Keywords: Géographie -- Ouargla

Tihert und Sedrata. Bemerkungen zu zwei ibaditischen Ruinenstätten Algeriens - Suter, Karl (Regio Basiliensis, 1960)

Die Palmengärten des Mzab - Suter, Karl (Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 1959)
Keywords: Géographie -- Mzab

II problema idrico nelle oasi dello Mzab - Suter, Karl (Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana, 1958)
Keywords: Irrigation -- Mzab

Die temporäre Auswanderung der Mozabiten - Suter, Karl (Paideuma, 1957)

Die Oase Guerrara (algerische Sahara) - Suter, Karl (Erdkunde, 1957)

Ouargla, eine Oase der algerischen Sahara - Suter, Karl (Geographica Helvetica, 1956)
Keywords: Géographie -- Ouargla

La découverte de Sedrata - Berchem, Marguerite van (La Nouvelle Clio, 1951)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Sedrata

Sedrata. Un chapitre nouveau de l'histoire de l'art Musulman. Campagnes de 1951 et 1952 - Berchem, Marguerite van (Ars Orientalis, 1954)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Sedrata

Deux campagnes de fouille sur le site de l'ancienne cité musulmane de Sedrata dans le Sahara algérien - Berchem, Marguerite van (Bulletin Archéologique, 1954)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Sedrata

Deux campagnes de fouilles à Sedrata en Algérie - Berchem, Marguerite van (Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1952)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Sedrata

Sedrata et les anciennes villes berbères du Sahara dans les récits des explorateurs du XIXe siècle [avec 8 planches]. - Berchem, Marguerite van (Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 1960)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Sedrata

Palmettes, rosaces et bordures dans les décors de Sedrata (Sahara Algérien, XIe et XIIe siècles) - Berchem, Marguerite van (Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies, 1964)
Keywords: Archéologie -- Sedrata

Nizwa Fort: Transforming Ibadi Religion through Heritage Discourse in Oman - Sachedina, Amal (Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 2019)
Since becoming a nation-state in 1970, Oman's expanding heritage industry has included the restoration of castles and citadels, including the fort at Nizwa. The fort was once the administrative and juridical center of the Ibadi Imamate (1913–58). As the site of sharia adjudication, it sanctioned a past of primarily moral nature, oriented toward God and salvation and grounded in Ibadi doctrine and practice. This mode of history implied that everyday interactions and relationships could be assessed through exemplary forms of morality, as embodied by virtuous forbears. Yet the heritage project in modern Oman has treated history and Islam as seemingly separate, erasing formal awareness of the sociopolitical and ethical relationships that once characterized Ibadi rule. Today, the historical work done by the fort as a heritage site entails a progress-oriented future, reconfiguring Ibadi Islam in the process.
Keywords: Monuments -- Oman

The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam by Valerie J. Hoffman (review) - Brown, Jonathan (Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

The Essentials of Ibadi Islam by Valerie J. Hoffman (review) - Timani, Hussam S. (Islamic Africa, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

Ibadi Muslims of North Africa: Manuscripts, Mobilization, and the Making of a Written Tradition by Paul M. Love, Jr. (review) - Propst, Amanda (Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies, 2020)
Keywords: Recension

Berbers and Arabs: Tracing the genetic diversity and history of Southern Tunisia through genome wide analysis - Anagnostou, Paolo; Dominici, Valentina; Battaggia, Cinzia; Boukhchim, Nouri; Nasr, Jaâfar Ben; Boussoffara, Ridha; Cancellieri, Emanuele; Marnaoui, Marwa; Marzouki, Meriem; Brahim, Hedi Bel Haj; Rass, Mongi Bou; Lernia, Savino di; et al. (American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2020)
Objectives Tunisia has been a crossroads for people from Africa, Europe, and the Middle East since prehistoric times. At present, it is inhabited by two main ethnic groups, Arabs and Berbers, and several minorities. This study aims to advance knowledge regarding their genetic structure using new population samplings and a genome-wide approach. Materials and Methods We investigated genomic variation, estimated ancestry components and dated admixture events in three Berber and two Arab populations from Southern Tunisia, mining a dataset including Middle Eastern, sub-Saharan, and European populations. Results Differences in the proportion of North African, Arabian, and European ancestries and the varying impact of admixture and isolation determined significant heterogeneity in the genetic structure of Southern Tunisian populations. Admixture time estimates show a multilayer pattern of admixture events, involving both ethno-linguistic groups, which started around the mid XI century and lasted for nearly five centuries. Discussion Our study provides evidence that the relationships between genetic and cultural diversity of old and new inhabitants of North Africa in southern Tunisia follow different patterns. The Berbers seem to have preserved a significant part of their common genomic heritage despite Islamization, Arab cultural influence, and linguistic diversity. Compared to Morocco and Algeria, southern Tunisian Arabs have retained a higher level of Arabian ancestry. This is more evident in the semi-nomad R'Baya, who have kept their original Bedouin lifestyle, than in the population from Douz, who have undergone multiple events of stratification and admixture.
Keywords: Génétique -- Djerba

أقوال قتادة : مخطوط إباضي ثمين من جزيرة جربة - Ess, Josef van (دراسات, 2012)

Book review: The Ibadis in the Region of the Indian Ocean. Section One : East Africa, written by Heinz Gaube - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2015)
"Book review: The Ibadis in the Region of the Indian Ocean. Section One : East Africa, written by Heinz Gaube" published on 04 Mar 2015 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Book review: Oman and Overseas éd. Michaela Hoffmann-Ruf et Abdulrahman al-Salimi, written by Oman and Overseas - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2015)
"Book review: Oman and Overseas éd. Michaela Hoffmann-Ruf et Abdulrahman al-Salimi, written by Oman and Overseas" published on 04 Mar 2015 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Ibāḍī Manuscripts at the Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie: Descriptions, Watermarks, and Implications - Love Jr, Paul M. (Journal of Islamic Manuscripts, 2016)
This article offers descriptions of a handful of manuscripts by Ibāḍī Muslim authors held in the Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie (BnT). In addition to the manuscript descriptions, it discusses some of the implications of these and other Ibāḍī manuscripts for the study of the medieval and early modern Ibāḍī traditions in Northern Africa. More specifically, it highlights the previously overlooked potential of manuscript evidence to illuminate our understanding of the formation and long-term maintenance of the Ibāḍī tradition in the Maghrib from the medieval period up to the 20th century.
Keywords: Manuscrits -- Tunis

Ibadi Theology : Rereading Sources and Scholarly Works, written by Ersilia Francesca - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Ibadi Theology. Rereading sources and scholarly works, written by Ersilia Francesca - Demichelis, Marco (Oriente Moderno, 2016)
"Ibadi Theology. Rereading sources and scholarly works, written by Ersilia Francesca" published on 18 Nov 2016 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb. Edition and Study, written by Kahlan Al-Kharusi, 2016 - Rebstock, Ulrich (Die Welt des Islams, 2018)
"Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb. Edition and Study, written by Kahlan Al-Kharusi, 2016 " published on 16 Mar 2018 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Ibadis on (and in) the Margins: Manuscript Notes from the Buffalo Agency in Early-Modern Cairo - Love Jr, Paul M. (Journal of Islamic Manuscripts, 2018)
From at least the 17th century onward, a sizeable Maghribi Ibadi community lived, studied, and worked in the city of Cairo, centered around a trade agency, school, and library known as the ‘Buffalo Agency’ (Wikālat al-Jāmūs). Over nearly four centuries, this agency served as a hub for Ibadi intellectual activity and manuscript production. Despite its place of prominence in the history of early-modern Ibadi communities, manuscripts are some of the only surviving evidence of its existence. Using manuscript notes from and catalog data on manuscripts either held at the agency’s library or copied there, this article suggests that Ibadis were far from the small, isolated minority community in northern Africa they are often imagined to have been. Instead, the story of the Buffalo Agency points to the ways in which Ibadis very much belonged to the intellectual and commercial worlds of Sunni-dominated Cairo from the 17th–20th centuries.
Keywords: Manuscrits -- Le Caire

The Nabhānīs: A Sketch for Understanding - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Studi Magrebini, 2020)
The Nabhānī State first appeared in Oman in the 6th/12th century and lasted till the 11th/17th century. During this period the fall of Baghdad, which occurred in 656/1258, led to a number of radical political and cultural changes in the Gulf region, and the aim of the present study is to re-evaluate the conclusions of the (2002) study against a wider background. In doing so it will firstly re-evaluate the original and modern sources dealing with that period. Secondly, it will take a broader look at the political and regional situation at that time and its impact on the course of Oman’s historical development – in other words, it will consider Omani history within a regional context. Thirdly, it will look for the roots of that state and relate it more accurately to Oman’s historical chronology and regional context.

Early Islamic Law in Basra in the 2nd/8th Century. Aqwāl Qatāda b. Diʿāma al-Sadūsī, edited by Al-Salimi, Abdulrahman - Francesca, Ersilia (Studi Magrebini, 2020)
Keywords: Recension

O[ma]n Ibadism and Modernity - Rebstock, Ulrich (Die Welt des Islams, 2020)
"O[ma]n Ibadism and Modernity" published on 27 May 2020 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

The First Compendium of Ibadi Law. The “Mudawwana” by Abu Ghanim Bishr b. Ghanim al-Khurasani, written by Miklos Muranyi, 2018 - Rebstock, Ulrich (Die Welt des Islams, 2020)
Keywords: Fiqh -- Libye -- 8e siècle; Recension

Algeria: Ghardaia - a Ghost Town (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2014)
Keywords: Conflits -- Mzab

Algeria: Ghardaia Tension (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2014)
Keywords: Conflits -- Mzab

The Town of Ghardaïa in M'zab, Algeria: Between Tradition and Modernity - Cataldi, Giancarlo; Abdelhamid, Rasid; Selva, Fabio (Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 1996)
Keywords: Urbanisme -- Mzab

Jean Lethielleux, Ouargla, cité saharienne: des origines au début du xx e siécle. (Documents d' Histoire Maghrebienne, Tom. iv.) x, 298 pp. map, 16 Plates. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1983. Fr. 150. - Norris, Harry Thirlwall (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1986)
Keywords: Recension

Liste des plantes observées par M. le Dr Reboud dans le Sahara algérien, pendant l'expédition de 1857 de Laghouat à Ouargla - Cosson, E. (Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 1857)
Keywords: Botanique -- Mzab

Assessment of the effect of modern transformation on the traditional settlement ‘Ksar’ of Ouargla in southern Algeria - Sebti, Moufida; Alkama, Djamel; Bouchair, Ammar (Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2013)
Keywords: Architecture -- Mzab