Identifying the (Ibadi/Omani) Siyar - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Journal of Semitic Studies, 2010)
Keywords: Prosopographie – Oman

Muslims, Scholars, Soldiers: The Origin and Elaboration of the Ibadi Imamate Traditions * By ADAM GAISER. - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Journal of Islamic Studies, 2013)
Keywords: Recension

The Pact (amana) between Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan and Amr ibn al-As (656 or 658 CE): 'Documents' and the Islamic Historical Tradition - Marsham, Andrew (Journal of Semitic Studies, 2012)
A written pact between Mu'āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān and ‘Amr ibn al-‘Āṣ is widely discussed in the early Arabic historical tradition. However, only Ibn Sa'd (d. 845) preserves a copy of it. Analysis of the form, content and context of this ‘document’ shows it to have much in common with other early agreements, such as the so-called ‘Constitution of Medina’ and the ‘Ṣiffīn Arbitration Agreement’. It also suggests that it reached Ibn Sa'd from al-Wāqidī (d. 823). The ‘document’ has some unusual features — notably a date that suggests a different context to that given by both Ibn Sa'd and modern commentators. On balance, however, it seems that the ‘document’ may indeed reflect elements of an original agreement. Nonetheless, no single ‘document’ from this early period should be relied upon in isolation; rather such texts should be viewed as a corpus in which evolutions in form and content can be identified.

The Greek community of Sfax and Djerba in Tunisia between 1890 and 1940 and its role in the local economy - Chaldeos, Antonios (The Journal of North African Studies, 2017)
Keywords: Emigration – Grèce – Djerba

Le contrat de mariage d’une toute jeune fille (ǧāriya) dans l’Ifrīqiya pré-hafside - Dridi, Moez (Cahiers de Tunisie, 2019)
Keywords: Actes notariés – Ifriqiya

Le commerce transsaharien médiéval vu par les sources ibadites - Prevost, Virginie (Journal asiatique, 2019)
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

Note sur l'entrée d'Alger sous la souveraineté ottomane (1519-1521) - Vatin, Nicolas (Turcica, 2013)

La conquête arabe de l'île de Djerba byzantine: un réexamen du dossier - Mkacher, Anis (Karthago, 2019)
Cet article se propose d’étudier la situation de l’île de Djerba au moment de la conquête arabe de l’Afrique byzantine, en essayant de cerner, autant que possible, le rôle de Djerba dans la progression territoriale des armées arabo-musulmanes dans la région. Tout en déterminant le contexte à la fois historique et géographique de Djerba, ce travail est d’abord centré sur l’examen critique des sources textuelles, arabes et non arabes. Nous tenterons aussi de comprendre les motivations des Arabes dans la prise de Djerba.

Michèle Blanchard-Lemée (1936-2017) et l’Afrique antique - Darmon, Jean-Pierre (Antiquités africaines, 2019)
Keywords: Archéologie – Djerba

Iṣlâḥ ibâḍite et intégration nationale : vers une communauté mozabite ? (1925-1964) - Jomier, Augustin (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2012)
Constitué en mouvement social au cours des années 1930, principalement sous la direction du cheikh Bayyûḍ, l’iṣlâḥ constitue un élément majeur de l’histoire et de la mémoire du Mzab à l’époque contemporaine. Si les oulémas réformistes ont principalement affirmé leur action dans le domaine éducatif, ils se sont aussi engagés dans une action politique, à la fois à l’échelle locale, par la conquête des institutions « traditionnelles » du Mzab et, à l’échelle algérienne, en entrant ouvertement dans le jeu institutionnel colonial à partir de 1947. Cette dynamique religieuse et les actions politiques qu’elle a générées se sont accompagnées d’une réflexion sur le rapport de l’ibadisme aux autres madhâhib et sur la place des berbères dans l’histoire du Maghreb arabe et de l’Algérie. Ainsi par leur action politique, les oulémas réformistes se sont affirmés comme les leaders d’une communauté qu’ils construisaient, en réinterprétant les institutions traditionnelles. Au même moment, par leur réflexion dans le domaine de l’historiographie, ils ont œuvré à articuler les identités ibâḍite et mozabite à celle, en construction, de la nation algérienne. Dans cet article, je me propose d’interroger le rôle que les oulémas réformistes ont joué dans ce processus double, politique et intellectuel, de construction de la population ibâḍite et mozabite en communauté politique, processus qui a accompagné son entrée dans l’ensemble algérien. Pour cela je m’appuierai sur certains textes des oulémas de l’iṣlâḥ et de l’historiographie du mouvement, ainsi que sur les archives coloniales (ANOM, Aix-en-Provence) et celles des Missionnaires d’Afrique (Pères Blancs, Rome).
ISBN: 9782853998093 Number: 132
Keywords: Réformisme – Mzab

Peuplement et organisation du territoire dans une région d'implantation ibâḍite : le Jebel Demmer dans le sud-est de l'Ifrîqiya (ve/xie- ixe/xve siècle) - Hassen, Mohamed (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2012)
Cet article s’intéresse aux formes de peuplement et d’organisation du territoire dans le Jebel Demmer à l’époque médiévale, lorsque cette région du sud de l’Ifrîqiya comportait encore une importante population ibadite, elle-même scindée en plusieurs groupes. Après avoir évoqué la délimitation du territoire à l’époque médiévale, l’article propose une réflexion sur l’apparition et la typologie des qsûr. Leur développement en tant qu’unités fondamentales dans l’organisation de l’espace local est rattaché aux invasions hilaliennes, qui provoquèrent un afflux important de populations ibâḍites dans cette région, qui devint pour quelque temps l’un des bastions de cette minorité en Ifrîqiyya. Enfin, la diffusion du malékisme est évoquée, faisant ressortir la lenteur de ce processus, encore inachevé au début du xve siècle.
ISBN: 9782853998093 Number: 132

Sedrata : l’élaboration d’un lieu de mémoire - Aillet, Cyrille; Gilotte, Sophie (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2012)
Les vestiges ensablés de Sedrata, à une dizaine de kilomètres au sud de la ville actuelle de Ouargla, font aujourd’hui figure de lieu de mémoire pour l’ibadisme maghrébin. Chaque année un pèlerinage s’y déroule, attirant des représentants des communautés ibadites du Maghreb mais aussi des visiteurs de plus en plus nombreux. Plus qu’à une description du site archéologique, fouillé par l’archéologue suisse Marguerite van Berchem entre 1950 et 1955, cet article s’attachera à décrypter son importance dans la mémoire et dans l’imaginaire historiques de l’Algérie, de la période coloniale à nos jours. Nous nous attachons tout d’abord à la découverte du lieu, décryptée à la lumière des grands voyages d’exploration du Sahara de la fin du xixe siècle. La récupération académique du lieu, à l’orée du xxe siècle, est l’occasion de réfléchir sur les grilles d’interprétations ethnicisantes et culturalistes mises en place pour l’identification et la compréhension des vestiges et des décors de stuc. Nous nous arrêtons sur les travaux de M. van Berchem, qui firent de Sedrata un élément du « patrimoine » national algérien. Nous suivons également les derniers développements du mythe de Sedrata dans les écrits du Père Blanc J. Lethielleux, qui entremêlent de façon indéchiffrable traditions historiques et traditions locales. Enfin, nous nous intéressons à l’action des associations locales pour la sauvegarde du site et pour le rayonnement du pèlerinage.
Keywords: Archéologie – Sedrata

North African and Omani Ibâḍî Accounts of the Munâẓâra: A Preliminary Comparison - Gaiser, Adam R. (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2012)
This chapter compares Western/North African and Eastern/Omani Ibâḍî accounts of the munâẓara (debate) that took place at Ḥarûrâ’ before the Battle of Nahrawân to reveal two similar yet distinct traditions. A further comparison with non-Ibâḍî (i.e. al-Ṭabarî, al-Balâdhurî, al-Baghdâdî, etc.) versions of the debate shows that it is the Western/North African tradition that shares certain features and narrative structures with non-Ibâḍî accounts. The key to understanding these particular textual configurations is the figure of the last Basran Imâm, Abû Sufyân Maḥbûb Ibn al-Raḥîl. Abû Sufyân wrote his Kitâb Abî Sufyân on the commission of the Rustumid Imâm Aflaḥ Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhâb, and likely incorporated Basran and Kûfan Ibâḍî traditions that did not gain wide currency among Ibâḍîs in Oman. For this reason, non-Ibâḍî and Western munâẓara accounts share certain characteristics that are not present in Eastern accounts, even though Oman is geographically closer to the places where non-Ibâḍî accounts likely originated.
ISBN: 9782853998093 Number: 132

The authenticity of the letter of ‘Abd Allâh b. Ibâḍ to ‘Abd al-Malik - Madelung, Wilferd (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2012)
The so-called first letter of Ibn Ibâḍ was long considered in modern scholarship as an authentic letter of ‘Abd Allâh b. Ibâḍ, the reputed founder of the Ibâḍiyya sect, to the Umayyad caliph ‘Abd al-Malik. This was questioned first by John Wilkinson and then by Michael Cook in his book on Early Muslim Theology, who proposed that the letter was written rather by Jâbir b. Zayd to the Muhallabid amîr ‘Abd al-Malik b. al-Muhallab. In his recent book on Ibadism, John Wilkinson has argued that the letter was addressed to ‘Abd al-Malik, the son of the caliph ‘Umar II, and that Jâbir b. Zayd could not have been its author. It will be argued in this paper that the letter is an authentic letter of ‘Abd Allâh b. Ibâḍ addressed to the son of ‘Umar II. Ibn Ibâḍ was not the founder of the Ibâḍiyya sect, but rather a contemporary and rival of Abû ‘Ubayda Muslim b. Abî Karîma.
ISBN: 9782853998093 Number: 132

Adam Gaiser, Shurāt Legends, Ibāḍī Identities: Martyrdom, Asceticism and the Making of an Early Islamic Community, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2016, 223 pp. (including bibliography and index), ISBN 978-1-61117-676-6. - Francesca, Ersilia (Der Islam, 2019)
Keywords: Recension

Ziaka, Angeliki (Hg.):On Ibadism - Rebstock, Ulrich (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Ersilia, Francesca (Hg.): Ibadi Theology. Rereading sources and scholarly works. 2015. - Rebstock, Ulrich (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Cyrille Aillet (ed.): L’Ibadisme, une minorité au coeur de l’islam, thème sur la direction de Cyrille Aillet, Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, Série Histoire, Aix-en-Provence - Fierro, Maribel (Der Islam, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Der ibaditische Islam als Modell einer islamischen Toleranz? - Renz, Andreas (CIBEDO-Beiträge zum Gespräch zwischen Christen und Muslimen, 2018)
Keywords: Tolérance religieuse – Oman

AL-SALIMI, A., and W. MADELUNG (eds.) — Early Ibadi Literature. Abu l-Mundhir Bashir b. Muhammad b. Mahbub, Kitab al-Rasf fi l-Tawhid, Kitab al-Muharaba and Sira - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2012)
Keywords: Recension

MURANYI, M. – The First Compendium of Ibadi Law. The Mudawwana by Abu Ghanim Bishr b. Ghanim al-Khurasani. - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2019)
Keywords: Fiqh – Libye – 8e siècle; Recension

MADELUNG, W., and A. AL-SALIMI (eds.) – Ibāḍī Texts from the 2nd/8th Century. (M.H. Custers) - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2019)
Keywords: Recension

EISENER, R. (ed.) – Today’s Perspectives on Ibadi History - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

AL-KHARUSI, K. – Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb. Edition and Study - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

AL SALIMI, A., and E. STAPLES (eds.) – The Ports of Oman - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

AL SALIMI, A., and E. STAPLES (eds.) – Oman. A Maritime History - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Michalak-Pikulska, B. and R. Eisener (eds.) – Ibadi Jurisprudence. Origins, Developments and Cases - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

FRANCESCA, E. (ed.) – Ibadi Theology. Rereading Sources and Scholarly Works - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

WILKINSON, J.C. – Water and Tribal Settlement in South-East Arabia. A Study of the Aflāj of Oman. - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

HOFFMANN-RUF, M., und A. AL SALIMI (Hrsg.) – Oman and Overseas. proceedings of the Inter- national Conference ‘The Ibadism of Oman - Its Overseas Development and its perception Over- seas’ held at Tübingen University, 16th-19th of May 2011. - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

GAUBE, H., with contributions by A. AL SALIMI – The Ibadis in the Region of the Indian Ocean. Section One: East Africa - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

ZIAKA, A. (ed.) – On Ibadism. - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2015)
Keywords: Recension

HOFFMANN-RUF, M. — Scheich Muhsin bin Zahran al-’Abri. Tribale Macht im Oman des 19. Jahrhunderts. - Custers, Martin H. (Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2010)
Keywords: Recension

Fitilin Ucunda Tersane-yi Âmire - Gürkan, Emrah Safa (İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi; İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A.Ş., 2013)
Akdeniz’in iki yakasında birbirlerine paralel bir şekilde bölgesel bir güç olarak ortaya çıkan Osmanlılar ve Habsburglar 16. yüzyıl boyunca sürecek esaslı bir emperyal rekabete girişecek ve peşlerinden dönemin diğer siyasi ve askeri aktörlerini de sürükleyerek bir cihan hakimiyeti kavgası vereceklerdi. Her ne kadar Türkçe tarih yazımında bu rekabetin Akdeniz ayağı gerek dil engelleri, gerekse kaynakların eksikliği nedeniyle ihmal edilmişse de Osmanlılar ve Habsburglar’ın kozlarını sadece Macaristan ovasında değil, aynı zamanda Akdeniz sularında da paylaştığı unutulmamalıdır.
Accepted: 2014-06-06T15:13:59Z

Kuzey Afrika'da Yeni Ibadi Elyazmalari - Nāmī, ʿAmr Khalīfa al- (İslami İlimler Dergisi, 2015)
Keywords: Bibliothèques – Djebel Nefousa

Kanuni Dönemi Denizcilerinden Ali Pertek (Pörtük) Bey’in Askerî Faaliyetleri - Kirca, Ersin (Mavi Atlas, 2018)

Le rachat de captifs espagnols à Alger au XVIe siècle. Le cas de la rédemption de Diego de Cisneros (1560-1567) - Chaulet, Rudy; Ortega, Olga (Cahiers de la Méditerranée, 2013)

Identità e identitarismi berberi in Nord Africa : ricostruzione storica/storiografica della questione berbera - Roggero, Caterina (Humanitas, 2019)
Keywords: Berbérisme – Afrique du Nord

The Names of the Jews of Lybia During the Italian Occupation : Gender, Society, and Culture - Henshke, Yehudit (La Rassegna mensile di Israel, 2017)
Keywords: Judaïsme – Djebel Nefousa

Erratum to: Developing a Collaborative Strategy to Manage and Preserve Cultural Heritage During the Libyan Conflict. The Case of the Gebel Nāfusa - Nebbia, Marco; Leone, Anna; Bockmann, Ralf; Hddad, Mftah; Abdouli, Hafed; Masoud, Ahmed M.; Elkendi, Nader M.; Hamoud, Hassan M.; Adam, Salah S.; Khatab, Moncif N. (Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2016)
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

Al-Kharusi Kahlan: Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb. Edition and Study - Tilier, Mathieu (Bulletin critique des Annales islamologiques, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Daniel Panzac, La République de Venise et les Régences barbaresques au XVIIIe siècle. Un exemple de relation Nord-Sud en Méditerranée occidentale, Éditions Publisud, 2015. - Chiffoleau, Sylvia (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2017)
ISBN: 9791032001141 Number: 141
Keywords: Recension

Daniel Panzac, La République de Venise et les Régences barbaresques au xviiie siècle. Un exemple des relations Nord-Sud en Méditerranée occidentale, édition établie, présentée et annotée par Salvatore Speziale, avant-propos de Michele Brondino, Paris, Publisud, 2015, 356 p. - Hocquet, Jean-Claude (Cahiers de la Méditerranée, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

El espionaje hispánico después de Lepanto: el proyecto de fray Diego de Mallorca - Varriale, Gennaro (Studia Historica. Historia Moderna, 2014)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes – Djerba

Une lecture de l’histoire moderne des ibadites de l’île de Djerba - Merimi, Mohamed (Horizons maghrébins, 2017)
Keywords: Lîmis; mosquée (Ajim; Djerba); Monuments – Djerba; Tâjdît; Mosquée (Fâtû; Djerba)

Lair of Corsairs on the Djerba Island in the First Half of the Sixteenth Century - Jaguś, Patryk (Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Zeszyty Historyczne, 2018)
This article concerns the activities of the brothers Oruk and Hayreddin Barbarossa during they residence on the North African island of Djerba. Before the Red Beard brothers occupied the kingdom of Algiers and made themselves his kings, they gave themselves under the protection of the ruler of Tunis. He offered them the island of Djerba, where the corsairs made their first base. From there, they carried out expeditions to the entire central and western Mediterranean.
Leże korsarzy na wyspie Dżerbie w pierwszej połowie XVI wieku
Keywords: Ottomans – Djerba

Les cadrans signés « Ahmad al-ʿUmarī » (Tunisie, XVIIIe siècle) - Jarray, Fathi; Mercier, Eric (Cadran Info, 2016)
Keywords: Jami al-Kabir; mosquée al- (Hachene; Djerba); Monuments – Djerba

Mahmoud Ben Ayyed. Le parcours transméditerranéen d’un homme d’affaires tunisien du milieu du XIXe siècle - Gharbi, Mohamed Lazhar (Méditerranée, 2015)
Keywords: Famille Bin Ayyad

Oman: Politics and Society in the Qaboos State, by Marc Valeri. Columbia University Press, 2009. 284 pages. $70. - Kechichian, Joseph Albert (Middle East Policy, 2010)
Keywords: Recension

Abdulrahman Al-Salimi and Wilferd Madelung: Early Ibāḍī Theology: Six kalām Texts by ‘Abd Allāh B. Yazīd Al-Fazārī. (islamic History and Civilization.) Cvi, 241 Pp. Leiden: Brill, 2014. €99. Isbn 978 90 04 27025 1. - Gaiser, Adam R. (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2015)
Keywords: Fazārī; ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd al-; Recension

Les Mosquees Ibadites du Djebel Nafusa. Architecture, histoire et religions du nord-ouest de la Libye (VIIIe-XIIIe siecle). By Virginie Prevost. - Sjöström, Isabella (Libyan Studies, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Trends in Religious Reform on the Arabian Peninsula - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Hemispheres, 2012)
This article comparatively assesses the relationship of Arabian Peninsula governments to modern Islamic reform movements after the formation of nation-states by the British Government in post-Ottoman Arabia. Over the last half century the region of the Arabian Peninsula has experienced an Islamic awakening that has played an integral role in the process of modernization in Arabian states. There are three aims of this study: 1) to examine the influence of the traditional Islamic schools of theology on re-shaping the identities of Arabian states. 2) to explore the degree to which the governments of the nation states and the prior political establishments informed the contemporary vision of religious reform 3) to consider the impact that the recent wealth of Arabian States, especially the wealth of the GCC countries, has had on the creation of the modern Islamic revival since the discovery of oil. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

The Colonial Pasts of Medieval Texts in Northern Africa: Useful Knowledge, Publication History, and Political Violence in Colonial and Post-Independence Algeria - Love Jr, Paul M. (The Journal of African History, 2017)
This article argues that medieval Arabic texts that were published in colonial northern Africa constitute as much a part of the history of colonialism and its legacy as that of the medieval centuries in which they were written. Using the publication history of a medieval Ibadi text and its French translations, I demonstrate how texts like it were edited, translated, and published not only for academic purposes, but also as contributions to the production of ‘useful’ colonial knowledge in Algeria. I begin with the first translation, published in 1878 alongside other ethnographic and historical studies funded by the colonial state. I then turn to the second translation, serially published between 1960–2 as its editors abandoned the country at the violent end of the colonial period. Finally, I address the Arabic editions published after independence, which recast it within a nationalist framework. Overall, I argue for the importance of addressing the colonial pasts of medieval texts in northern Africa.

A History of Modern Oman Jeremy Jones and Nicholas Ridout Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015 (301 Pages + Maps, Index) $94.99 (cloth) - Crouzet, Guillemette (Arab Studies Journal, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Adam Gaiser, Muslims, Scholars, Soldiers. The Origin and Elaboration of the Ibadi Imamate Traditions, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 203 S., ISBN 0-19-973893-9, 978-0-19-973893-9 - Aillet, Cyrille (Der Islam, 2012)
Keywords: Recension

Mandana E. Limbert, In the Time of Oil: Piety, Memory, and Social Life in an Omani Town (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2010). Pp. 264. $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper, 24.95 e-book. - Miller, Flagg (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2011)
Keywords: Recension

Early Ibāḍī Theological Arguments on Atoms and Accidents - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 2013)
Le gros de la recherche orientaliste consacrée à la littérature théologique islamique a négligé les idées théologiques Ibāḍī à portée cosmologique, ce qui a conduit à une compréhension incomplète de la théologie islamique et à un manque considérable dans la recherche occidentale. L'omission de ce mouvement important de l'Islam est compréhensible étant donné que les textes Ibāḍī ne sont accessibles, publiés, diffusés et traduits que de façon très partielle. Cette étude vise donc à combler certaines de ces lacunes dans la recherche sur la première théologie islamique. Les objectifs de cet article sont de: 1) caractériser la littérature Ibāḍī classique portant sur la théorie atomiste de la substance et de l'accident; 2) examiner les textes d'auteurs Ibāḍī du iiie/ixe siècle dialoguant et discutant avec d'autres écoles théologiques islamiques, à savoir les Muʿtazilites pré-Bahshamiyya (Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī, d. 321/933) et les Ashʿarites (Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, d. 324/936), en lien avec la théorie atomiste de la substance et de l'accident; 3) passer en revue le grand nombre d'opinions soutenues parmi les premiers théologiens Ibāḍī, et examiner les sources et les thèmes spécifiques susceptibles d'avoir influencé cette école de pensée diversifiée. Cet article cherche aussi à identifier des traits communs dans l'approche Ibāḍī durant la période de formation de la théologie islamique, et à explorer les voies grâce auxquelles ces premiers théologiens ont pu avoir accès à des thèmes cosmologiques antérieurs à l'Islam.

The Essentials of Ibadi Islam. By VALERIE J. HOFFMAN. Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East. Syracuse: SYRACUSE University PRESS, 2012. Pp. xii + 344. $39.95. - Francesca, Ersilia (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 2015)
Western scholars and students with an interest in the history of Ibädi Islam and Oman are no doubt familiar with the name and some of the extensive works of the author of the book under review, in which she resumes her previous research devoted to Ibädism in Oman and Zanzibar in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During repeated research stays in Oman over a decade Hoffman collected the material for the present volume, which, as she phrases it in the introduction, "is an attempt to introduce Ibädi Islamic theology to students and scholars of Islam, mainly through annotated translations of two basic Ibädi theological texts, in order to address the general unavailability of Ibädi texts to all but the most specialized scholars of Islam" (p. 4). The relative lack of interest in Ibädi theology may be partly because Ibädi religious literature is often obscure and difficult to understand. In fact, the oldest Ibädi theological literature is mainly fragmentary intra-community correspondence: letters (generally termed sira, pi. siyar) from imams and ulema with advice and/or explanations to the members about controversial religious and political issues. Moreover, according to European works from the last century, of which the older ones rely on only a few Ibädi sources, the distinctive nature of Ibädism seems to consist chiefly of a quietist political doctrine and of a religious puritanism. However, Ibädism presents a more complex reality. First of all, its sectarian nature is not so obvious. According to tradition, the Ibädi movement derives its name from cAbd Alläh Ibn Ibäd, who broke from Khäriji extremists in circa 65 A.H. (684/5) over the attitude to be adopted toward other Muslims. The Ibädis have been wrongly identified with the Khärijls by both Western scholars and non-Ibädi Muslim authors-Ibädis are instead very distant from them in political as well as religious matters. The connection between the two stems from the fact that most of the dissident Khärijis were from the Tamim tribe to which Ibn Ibäd also belonged. Moreover, proto-Ibädis were part of the Muhakkima movement of the early Khärijis, sharing with them the principle that the rule on earth belongs to God alone (la hukma ilia li-lläh). The Ibädi distinction from orthodox or Sunni Islam should be conceived in terms of internal Islamic diversity of doctrinal belief rather than in terms of their affiliation to Khärijism. As such the Ibädis are not a sect but a school (madhhab) that kept in close contact with the Sunni community and contributed to the general debate from which Islamic law and theology began to develop during the first two centuries in the heartland of the Muslim world, namely, Basra and Kufa, but also the Hijäz. Despite its antiquity, Ibädi Islam-and particularly Ibädi theology-remains little known and has often been misunderstood. To date the best-known monographs devoted to Ibädi theology in a European language are Studies in Ibädism by 'A. Kh. Ennami (Ph.D. diss., Cambridge Univ., 1971; [Benghazi]: Univ. of Libya, 1972; [Muscat] 22005) and Introduction a l'étude de l'ibadisme et de sa théologie by P. Cuperly (Algiers: Office des Publications Universitaires, 1984). This book by Valerie Hoffman seeks to amend the gap of three decades. Her main source is a brief and clear text intended as a primer for Ibâdï students of theology, al-cAqlda al-wahbiyya by Nâsir b. Sâlim b. cUdayyam al-Rawâhï (d. 1920), a prolific scholar better known in Oman as Abu Muslim al-Bahlânï. Unfortunately he died prematurely, leaving the work incomplete. Hoffman therefore also includes a translation of the passages of Kitab MaJalim al-dln by cAbd al-cAzïz al-Thamïnï al-Muscabï (d. 1808) dealing with predestination, a fundamental topic of Ibâdï theology that is omitted in al-Rawâhï's primer. Although it would be impossible to understand the early development of the movement and the doctrinal and political disputes over issues that led to its split into several subdivisions (firqa) without a reference to Ibädism's classical sources, I should emphasize the importance of including recent Ibâdï scholarship in an account on theology. Since theology played a role historically in creating sectarian identities and in defining and safeguarding Islamic belief, it is crucial to inquire about the theological discussions and debates among Ibâdîs during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when the Ibâdï reform movement began to reconcile Islam and modernity. Through an analysis of modern Ibâdï religious literature, Hoffman sheds light on Ibâdï theological formulations on topics that differentiate Ibâdï doctrine from Sunni Islam, such as reward and punishment in the afterlife, free will and predestination, anthropomorphic description of God, the creation of the Quran, and so on. The theological tenets explicated by Hoffman are of great importance in understanding not only prevailing Ibâdï doctrine, but also their striving from the nineteenth century onward to avoid both Westernization and Islamic radicalism. Nevertheless, fundamental Islam remains an important part of Ibadism. Ibâdï ethical principles reveal a rigorous conception of life and faith. Sinful actions entail the loss of a state of purity and render the sinner unfit to participate in religious rites. This moral austerity leads the Ibâdîs to refute any kind of innovation, laxity, or modern idea and to interpret the ancient precepts in the most stringent fashion. Salvation can only be achieved through prayer, pious living, and hard work. Ibâdîs show a strong cohesion as a group outside of the mainstream; its dogmatic basis lies in the concepts of waläya and banda (association and dissociation), namely, the duty of friendliness toward individuals who fulfil the precepts of religion and, conversely, the duty of hostility against those who do not deserve to be called believers. The doctrine of waläya and banda has its counterpart in orthodox belief only as regards the general duty of solidarity with the faithful and hostility toward infidels. According to the general rule, true believers must declare beträgt from tyrants and their followers and they must not take any of them as wäll. A country governed by tyrants and unjust rulers must be declared a land of tyranny and injustice. In the early centuries of Islam, a serious threat to the exacting Ibâdï position was represented by MurjPites, who propounded the doctrine of suspended judgment on the fate of sinners in the afterlife and on the first fitna. This was wholly contrary to the Ibâdï view of TJthmän and cAlï and their rejection of the Umayyad dynasty. The contribution of MurjPism was crucial to Ibâdï development, for some MurjPï ideas penetrated the movement; they were propagated by Härün b. al-Yamän (fl. ninth century), causing a serious split in the Mashriqï Ibâdï community. He proposed a tolerant attitude to waläya and baräya, according kufr status only to those committing sins that deserved hadd punishment in this world and hell in the next. He recognized a middle way (manz.Ua bayna l-manzilatayn) for people committing sins that his predecessors, such as Abu Ayyub, considered to be major. Furthermore, Härün tied the faith to individual piety (taqwä) rather than to the strict interpretation of religious observances. On this topic, crucial for the understanding of Ibädism, Hoffman emphasizes a definite inconsistency between theory and practice in the modern Ibâdï sources. One would expect an intolerant attitude toward all those not deserving the status of "true believers," but al-Rawâhï's primer shows a high degree of tolerance toward non-Muslims (e.g., the British Colonial Office in Zanzibar) and toward nonIbâdï Muslims, who are treated like Ibâdîs where intermarriage and mutual inheritance are concerned. After tracing the history of the movement and delineating its distinctive teachings in the first part of the book (pp. 3-53), Hoffman turns the second part (pp. 55-237) over to the translation of al-Rawâhï's al-cAqlda al-wahbiyya and the third part (pp. 241-76) to the partial but valuable translation of al-Muscabï's Kitäb MaJälim al-dln. The volume concludes with a glossary, a biographical dictionary, references, and an index (pp. 279-344). The translations are generally convincing and competent. Al-Rawâhï was a great poet and mystic (his biography is on pp. 45-46) and the author of some works of prose including his cAqida, which owes its name to cAbd Allah b. Wahb al-Râsibï, one of the first Khârijî leaders, who was killed at the battle of Nahrawân. The cAqida synthesizes and popularizes Ibâdï doctrine by way of a dialogue between students and teacher in which the latter elucidates the Ibâdï principles of faith and discusses the doctrines of different Muslim schools (Sunni, Shici, Mu'tazilï, and Khârijî) as well as the differences between the North African and the Eastern (Oman and Zanzibar) Ibâdï communities. The particular importance of Hoffman's volume lies in the first translation into English of this important and interesting text. For the rest, The Essentials of Ibadi Islam is a basic introduction to Ibâdism, polished and well written, ideal for the graduate classroom or even the advanced undergraduate, and suitable for those wanting to understand Ibâdï doctrine and acquaint themselves with theological texts.
Keywords: Recension

Ibadi Theology: Rereading Sources and Scholarly Works. Edited by Ersilia Francesca. Studies on Ibadism and Oman, vol. 4. Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 2015. Pp. 331. €68. - Rodrigo, Adem (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Ibâdism: origins and early development in Oman - Hoffman, Valerie J. (Der Islam, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

L'Aventure Ibadite dans le Sud Tunisien: Effervescence d'une région méconnue (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle) - Ghazal, Amal N. (Der Islam, 2013)
Keywords: Nukkarisme; Recension

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Distinguishing Features Between Ibāḍīs and Khārijītes - Maawali, Al Muatasim Said Saif al- (Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 2019)
Keywords: Kharijisme

Ethnic, Linguistic, and Religious Pluralism in Oman: The Link with Political Stability - Ismāʿīlī, Aḥmad (AlMuntaqa, 2018)
This study examines pluralism and its impact on the political and religious balance in Omani Society, whether religious, linguistic, ethnic, and confessional pluralism or geographical and cultural pluralism. It frames the issue within its geographical and historical contexts and provides an anthropological account of structural patterns in a Gulf state which has rarely been studied. The research will observe three types of discourse, each of which attempts to redefine the components of Omani society and culture. The religious discourse and its significant effect on religious tolerance is the most dynamic discourse. In this context, the convergence of sectarian religious discourse in Oman will be discussed along with the extent to which the Omani Sultanate is influenced by the widespread sectarianism in the Greater Middle East today. The cultural discourse will also be discussed in its contemporary modern form, despite being structurally, sociologically, and politically incomplete. Finally, the paper also explores political discourse and its consolidation of pluralism as a concept in Omani society.
Keywords: Tolérance religieuse – Oman

Preparing for the Women of the Future: Literacy and Development in the Sultanate of Oman - Yusuf Issan, Salha Abdullah (Hawwa, 2010)
Abstract Human resources play a key role in socio-economic growth and development in any society. Over the past forty years, research into various educational indicators particularly adult literacy rates and population enrollment in higher education institutions, indicate significant progress made towards gender equality in Oman. Omani women have shown remarkable attainment in entrance examinations at higher educational institutions, and they have also achieved noteworthy academic performance in their respectable fields of study. Although, women have had greater success in their educational achievements, this is not reflected in their participation in the labour market.The purpose of this essay is to analyze Oman’s educational reform, its successes and challenges, relative to the overall development objectives of the country, with particular emphasis on the female population as actors in/beneficiaries of the reform.

De nouvelles données sur les origines de l’ibadisme et l’élaboration de la théorie de l’imamat - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2012)

The Berbers of the Arabs - Rouighi, Ramzi (Studia Islamica, 2011)

Oman and Omani identity during the nahḍahs: A Comparison of Three Modern Historiographic Works - Coppola, Anna Rita (Oriente Moderno, 2014)
The present article analyzes the historiographic works of three Omani ʿulamāʾ during the twentieth century. It tries to contextualize them in the historical period in which they were written, showing the peculiarity of Omani literature in the context of the Arab world. This is due to various factors: first of all the development of its history constantly characterized by the Ibadhi religion. For example the nahḍah and the reformism have taken on different meanings in Oman, especially in the modernizing era of Sultan Qābūs’s rule. Omani historiography is part and the product of this peculiarity. It narrates the changes and events in Oman and shows how the historiographer is affected by history, culture and religion.
Keywords: Réformisme – Oman

One or Three? Exploring the Scholarly Conflict over the Question of Triple riple Talāq (Divorce) in Islamic Law with Particular Emphasis on Oman - Azri, Khalid al- (Arab Law Quarterly, 2011)
This article explores Talāq, which refers to the right of men in Islam to divorce their wives, with particular emphasis upon triple Talāq. This article seeks to answer the question of how triple Talāq at one time is applied in modern-day Muslim societies, in light of contemporary socio-economic conditions. The historical events surrounding the emergence of triple Talāq in Islam demonstrates the possibility of its renewal in Islamic law. This is significant because it demonstrates that, contrary to the teaching of many Muslim scholars including contemporary Ibadī scholars in Oman, change and renewal are not inimical to Islam but rather intrinsic to it. I argue here that the inflexibility of Ibadī scholars regarding triple Talāq at one time promotes gender inequality and discriminatory practices in Oman, especially towards women. This article begins by exploring the different methods of Talāq in Islamic law. It then focuses on triple Talāq at one time (in one event). The discussion of triple Talāq at one time aims to explore the interaction between legal, economic and social factors, on one hand, and how these factors have affected the law of triple Talāq during both pre-modern and contemporary Muslim societies. Subsequently, the article will examine how contemporary Muslim scholars react to the new social and economic factors associated with triple Talāq at one time.
Keywords: Fiqh – mariage

Slaves and Silver across the Strait of Gibraltar: Politics and Trade between Umayyad Iberia and Khārijite North Africa - Gaiser, Adam R. (Medieval Encounters, 2013)
berian Umayyad relations with the Ibāḍī Rustumids and the Ṣufrī Midrārids have not been well understood. After an initial period of Khārijite rebellion against the Umayyads in the 120s/740s, in which Khārijite revolutions in North Africa spilled over into the Iberian Peninsula, profound ties developed between the Umayyad amīrs, and the Midrārid and Rustumid imāms. In the far Maghrib, where ‘Abbāsid power did not reach, trade—especially the trade in human beings—brought these erstwhile political and religious enemies together. Relationships between these groups lasted well beyond the destruction of the Midrārid and Rustumid dynasties in the early fourth/tenth century. This paper re-examines the textual and numismatic evidence for Ibāḍī, Ṣufrī, Iberian Umayyad (and even early ‘Abbāsid) relations in order to propose that strong economic interests based primarily in the slave trade underlay the political ties that developed in the late second/eighth century between these groups.
Keywords: Esclavage – Afrique du nord

Transoceanic Orientalism and Embodied Translation in Sayyida Salme/Emily Ruete’s Memoirs - Oruc, Firat (Hawwa, 2019)
Emily Ruete’s Memoirs of an Arabian Princess was first published, in German, in 1886, on the threshold of the nineteenth-century imperialist “Scramble for Africa.” Ruete’s exilic relationship with both Europe and Africa made her an insider-outsider, well positioned to capture the imperial stage of Enlightenment Orientalism in flux and transmit it across the oceans to a public who would have found the life she describes unimaginable. In relaying the story of how Sayyida Salme became Emily Ruete, the Memoirs employs a mode of translation that is simultaneously linguistic, cultural, religious, and material. In Ruete’s case, translation is an embodied act. As a translator, Salme/Ruete critically and comparatively translates Zanzibar, and by extension the “Orient,” for a Western audience by virtue of her body being able to enter into and to pass through multiple social and cultural spaces.
Keywords: Zanzibar

From Zanzibar to Zaytun: Iranian Merchants across the Indian Ocean Basin - Foltz, Richard (Iran and the Caucasus, 2018)
The role of Iranian merchants in the maritime trade of the Indian Ocean basin from antiquity up to the 16th century is often underestimated. From scholarly histories to popular culture the “Muslim sailor” is typically portrayed as being an Arab. In fact, from pre-Islamic times the principal actors in Indian Ocean trade were predominantly Persian, as attested by the archaeological data, local written records, and the names of places and individuals.
Keywords: Zanzibar

The Omani-Zanzibari Family: Between Politics and Pedigree in an Empire on the Rim - Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa (Hawwa, 2018)
Through a multi-sited ethnological lens, this article highlights the influences of political and economic dynamics on the Omani-Zanzibari family construction. It explores the fluid nature of the Omani-Swahili identity, the role of the family institution in regulating morality and sexuality, and the impacts of political events and forces on the development of multiple family configurations. It further analyzes key societal concepts such as marriage, legitimacy, succession, post-forced-displacement adaptation, and evolutionary identity. Through a qualitative study, the author uses fieldwork in Oman and Zanzibar, a range of primary archival sources, dialogues with prominent Omani-Zanzibari personalities, and published and private personal memoirs reflecting key historical periods in the development of Omani-Zanzibari identities to speak to the themes of the Omani polity that are unique to the Gulf.
Keywords: Moeurs et coutumes – Zanzibar

Islamic Law, Gender, and Social Change in Post-Abolition Zanzibar - Kapteijns, Lidwien (Islamic Africa, 2016)
Keywords: Recension; Zanzibar

Islamic Law, Gender, and Social Change in Post-Abolition Zanzibar, written by Elke E. Stockreiter, 2015 - Stiles, Erin E. (Islamic Law and Society, 2016)
Keywords: Recension; Zanzibar

Islamic Law, Gender, and Social Change in Post-Abolition Zanzibar, written by Elke E. Stockreiter - McMahon, Elisabeth (Journal of Religion in Africa, 2016)
Keywords: Recension; Zanzibar

“The Ignorant Do Not Belong to Any Particular Sect”: Legal Practice and Social Identities in Colonial Zanzibar - Stockreiter, Elke E. (Islamic Law and Society, 2016)
Omani and British reforms of Zanzibar’s judiciary date back to the 1820s, when the abolition of the slave trade justified Western control of the sultanate’s political economy. The sultan enacted the abolition of slavery as a legal status in 1897, seven years after Zanzibar had become a British protectorate. Through the lens of a 1948 inheritance case, I analyze how colonial judicial reforms shaped the negotiation of grievances and the judges’ interpretations of social equality. As members of the colonial elite, both Muslim and British judges were embedded in a racialized social hierarchy. Their reasoning not only exposes the continuous marginalization of former slaves but also attests to ex-slaves’ ability to assert material power. While a Muslim and a British judge used different hermeneutics, both validated the marriage of a Hadrami water carrier to a former slave, thereby affirming his entitlement to a share of his wife’s estate.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Revisiting the Legality of the Union between the Republic of Tanganyika and the People’s Republic of Zanzibar - Said, Said N. (African Journal of Legal Studies, 2019)
Abstract While every year the people of the United Republic of Tanzania witness the new anniversary of the Union between the former Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, this paper intends to examine how strong its legal foundation stands. The union was established by the two leaders; Nyerere for Tanganyika and Karume for Zanzibar. After their signatures, the agreement was required for ratification at Zanzibar and Tanganyika legislative bodies. Only Tanganyika ratified. Surprisingly, even though Zanzibar did not ratify, the union was made. On this background foundation, the union legality has been repeatedly criticized. While those who question the legality of the union stick on the point of ratification, those who consider its legitimacy, assert that the question of validity has waned due to the period the union has survived. The findings in this article argue otherwise, in fact, the issue has grown to such extent that it haunts everyone in Tanzania.
Keywords: Zanzibar

“It is Your Right to Buy a Divorce”: Judicial Khuluu in Zanzibar - Stiles, Erin E. (Islamic Law and Society, 2019)
Abstract Judicial khuluu (<Ar. khulʿ ) in Zanzibar differs from judicial khulʿ in Arab countries that have recently introduced it through legislative reform. In Zanzibar’s Islamic courts, khuluu is used primarily as a judicial mechanism for ending a marriage when a judge determines a wife to be responsible for the breakdown of the marriage. Zanzibari women rarely file for khuluu because it is expensive and is associated with a woman’s failure in her marriage. Herein, I explain why judges in Zanzibar regard khuluu as a punitive measure that can be used to end a marriage when a woman is determined to be responsible for the marital discord, or when there are no grounds for judicial dissolution through fasikhi (<Ar. faskh , annulment). I also show that judges view khuluu as a right that a woman can exercise to extricate herself from marriage, a right that judges sometimes encourage in court.
Keywords: Zanzibar

An Exaggeration of Qur’an by the Baghdadi Mu‘tazilite: Studying Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Manuscripta Orientalia, 2014)
The objective of this paper is to shed the light to the series of manuscripts of the treatise al-Mutashabih fi al-Qur’an ( Ambiguous [ayat] in the Qur’an ) by Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi, Mu'tazilte scholar of Baghdad. The problem discussed is the exaggeration of the Qur’an which was the point of sharp theological debates. We know comparatively well the Mu'tazilte works produced in Basra while the work by Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi reflects comprehensively the school of Baghdad. The journey of the treatise through the Muslim world as presented by its manuscripts started from Central Asia, they appeared in Yemen and Oman and finally in one of the European libraries.
Keywords: Coran – Commentaires

The Influence of Ibadi Siyar Manuscripts on the Orientalists'' Understanding of the History of Early Islamic Theology - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Manuscripta Orientalia, 2017)
The article is devoted to the achievements and approaches of specialists, mostly American, British, German, French and Italian in the analysis of Ibadi siyar and the new perspectives of the research connected with the analysis of the MSS material. The general tendency in the field now is to follow the footsteps of Van Ess, Madelung and Cook, and rather than developing new theories and hypotheses, to seek out and identify well documented texts that will offer a reliable picture of Islamic thought before the 3rd/9th century. To provide a clearer general context, the texts could also be rearranged in historical order and grouped on the basis of the ideas they present. Most works produced by the different Ibadi groups during the early period are not representative of particular literary genre. However, we do not have precise data on the Islamic material on ‘ilm al-kalam that has been discovered so far from the period up to the end of the 3rd/9th century. Because of the importance attached to siyar by Ibadi ‘ulama’ during the 10th/16th and 11th/17th centuries Ibabi schools began to seek out their roots and collect early manuscripts and works of literature on the Ibadi legacy... The article is devoted to the achievements and approaches of specialists, mostly American, British, German, French and Italian in the analysis of Ibadi siyar and the new perspectives of the research connected with the analysis of the MSS material. The general tendency in the field now is to follow the footsteps of Van Ess, Madelung and Cook, and rather than developing new theories and hypotheses, to seek out and identify well documented texts that will offer a reliable picture of Islamic thought before the 3rd/9th century. To provide a clearer general context, the texts could also be rearranged in historical order and grouped on the basis of the ideas they present. Most works produced by the different Ibadi groups during the early period are not representative of particular literary genre. However, we do not have precise data on the Islamic material on ‘ilm al-kalam that has been discovered so far from the period up to the end of the 3rd/9th century. Because of the importance attached to siyar by Ibadi ‘ulama’ during the 10th/16th and 11th/17th centuries Ibabi schools began to seek out their roots and collect early manuscripts and works of literature on the Ibadi legacy. The latter were copied and preserved per se without diluting them or considering them in the context of the other Islamic schools. That is why the Ibadi school was able to remain united and steadfast in the face of the contemporary modernization movements which continue to this day. Most of the compilations of the texts that are currently in our possession comprise not more than ten volumes in all. Scholars and copyists have rearranged each of these manuscripts, so that each copy has a different number and sequence of siyar texts. The existing text formats raise the important question of whether Ibabi siyar are actually a literary genre. Until now nobody has really studied siyar in such a way that their specific genre characteristics have been defined in detail.

The Notion of Sunna: An Eclectic Reading in the Ibadhi Legacy - Kindī, Aḥmad al-; Bouzenita, Anke Iman (International Journal of Islamic Thought, 2018)

Early Ibāḍī Literature: Abu l-Mundhir Bashīr b. Muḥammad b. Maḥbūb Kitāb al-Raṣf fi l-Tawḥīd, Kitāb al-Muḥāraba and Sīra, by Abdulrahman al-Salimi and Wilferd Madelung (eds.) - Gaiser, Adam R. (Ilahiyat Studies, 2010)
Keywords: Recension

The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam, by Valerie J. Hoffman - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Ilahiyat studies, 2013)
Keywords: Recension

A Reading in the Applied Ibāḍī Fiqh of International Relations: The Directive of Imām al-Ṣalt (d. 275/888) to His Army Concerning Socotra - Bouzenita, Anke Iman (Ilahiyat Studies, 2019)
Keywords: Fiqh; Vie politique – Oman – 9e siècle

Arabskie plantacje goździków na Zanzibarze i Pembie w XIX w.: uwarunkowania społeczne i kulturowe - Żbik, Sebastian (Afryka, 2017)
The article analyses the Arab clove plantations on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba in the nineteenth century. The aim of this analysis is to show the functioning of a non-European model of plantations using slave labour. The author presents the organisation of work on the clove cultivation and characterises the owners and the workforce. He describes not only changes that affected this system in the nineteenth century, but also indicates the extent to which the plantations themselves contributed to the social and economic transition of the islands. The Arab model of plantation is shown compared to the similar systems in the Americas, highlighting common features of this institution as well as its unique elements on Zanzibar and Pemba.
Keywords: Esclavage – Zanzibar

Mağmāğ et les sept savants : la création du Dīwān al-ʿazzāba - Prevost, Virginie (Acta Orientalia, 2012)
Keywords: Fiqh – Traité – 11e siècle

Grammaire de la teggargrent (berbère parlé à Ouargla) - Delheure, Jean; Ochoa, Juan Antonio; Ould-Braham, Ouahmi (Études et Documents Berbères, 2019)
Keywords: Linguistique – Ouargla

Écouter le conte d’un manuscrit penser avec une copie d’une chronique ibadite de la bibliothèque Barouni à Djerba - Love Jr, Paul M. (Études et Documents Berbères, 2016)
Keywords: Bibliothèques – Djerba

A note on texts from the library of Adolphe de Calassanti-Motylinski (1854-1907) - Love Jr, Paul M. (Études et Documents Berbères, 2019)
Keywords: Manuscrits – Etats-Unis; Manuscrits – Lviv; Orientalisme – France

Djerba and the Limits of Rustamid Power. Considering the Ibāḍī Community of Djerba under the Rustamid Imāms of Tāhert (779-909CE) - Love Jr, Paul M. (Al-Qantara : Revista de Estudios Arabes, 2013)
This article is aimed at analyzing the medieval and modern source material dealing with the history of Djerba under the Rustamid Imāmate in an attempt to clarify the nature of both the historical and historiographical relationship between them. It will begin by discussing the available primary and secondary source material, including the historiographical challenges they present. An analysis of the textual and archeological evidence connecting the Rustamids and Djerba will follow. Next, it will attempt to synthesize the scattered bits of evidence available in the historical record in an effort to present a clearer picture of Djerba in the Rustamid period. On the basis of this textual and archeological evidence, it will be argued that Djerba was home to an ibādī community independent of the government in Tahert for the majority ‒if not all‒ of that Imāmate’s existence ‒distinguishing the island from the surrounding areas of the Djerid (in southern Tunisia), parts of Aghlabid Ifrīqiya and the Jebel Nafūsa. Furthermore, it will be shown that evidence suggests this independence was not only a political, but also a religious one. Este ensayo analiza las fuentes de origen medieval y moderno sobre la historia de Ŷarba en el Imāmato rustamí en un intento de aclarar la naturaleza de la relación histórica e historiográfica entre ellos. Se empieza por discutir las fuentes primarias y secundarias disponibles, incluyendo los retos historiográficos que plantean y se presenta a continuación un análisis de las evidencias textuales y arqueológicas que conectan a los rustamíes con Ŷarba. Se intenta después sintetizar las piezas dispersas de la evidencia disponible en el registro histórico con el fin de presentar una imagen más clara de Ŷarba durante el período rustamí. Con base en esta evidencia textual y arqueológica, se argumentará que Ŷarba era hogar de una comunidad ibādí independiente del gobierno en Tāhert durante la mayor parte (si no en su totalidad) de la existencia del Imāmato, distinguiendo así la isla de los alrededores del Ŷarid (en el sur de Túnez), partes de la Ifrīqiya Aglabí y el Ŷabal Nafūsa. Se muestra por último que la evidencia sugiere que esta independencia no era solamente política, sino religiosa.
Keywords: Monuments – Djerba; Tâjdît; Mosquée (Fâtû; Djerba)

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of the Commercial Activities in Desert Cities: A Case Study of Ghardaia, Algeria - Addoun, Tayeb; Hadeid, Mohamed (The Arab World Geographer, 2019)
The spatial distribution of the commercial activities in cities is very important in contemporary urban research and studies. Such inquiry seeks to detect the efficiency and sufficiency in meeting the needs of clients and customers. In this study, the evaluation styles and methods of these activities, distribution patterns, were multiplied and varied between a simple descriptive visual analyses and extending to geographic statistical analysis. This is related to the nature of the data used in the measurement of these phenomena and in the clarification of their role in urbanscape organization. The prime aim of this research focuses on the city of Ghardaia (an Algerian desert city) after it became markedly characterized by the phenomenon of commercial polarization and the multiplicity of population frequency to involving size and varied directions. The study endeavors to recognize the distribution pattern of commercial activities across the urban texture using a variety of statistical indicators, among them: a commercial density indicator, a commercial attraction and concentration indicator, and in addition to employ Kernel analysis to determine the spatial concentration of commercial activities in the Ghardaia cityscape, through multiple types of commercial activities.
Keywords: Urbanisme – Mzab

Ibadism in the Studies of ʿAli Yahya Muʿammar - Yildiz, Harun (Hemispheres, 2019)
Keywords: Muʿammar; Ali Yahya (19XX-1984)

A forgotten collection: the Libyan ethnobotanical exhibits (1912-14) by A. Trotter at the Museum O. Comes at the University Federico II in Naples, Italy - De Natale, Antonino; Pollio, Antonino (Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2012)
Keywords: Botanique – Djebel Nefousa

American Mission activities in Libya 2005–16: report - Kane, Susan; Raynolds, William; Carrier, Sam (Libyan Studies, 2017)
Abstract This essay outlines the capacity-building work of the American Archaeological Mission to Libya between the years 2005 and 2016. This work was made possible by grants from the US Embassy to Libya, the US State Department Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP) and the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs in Washington, DC. The principles and objectives underlying our capacity-building programme were inspired by the 2003 UNESCO World Heritage Centre Mission Report by Giovanni Boccardi, in particular his recommendation that the Libyan Department of Antiquities obtain training in the best modern cultural heritage management practices via sustained partnerships with external professionals and organisations. يضع هذا التقرير خطوطاً عريضة لبناء القدرات الذي تقوم به بعثة الآثار الأمريكية إلى ليبيا بين الأعوام 2005–2016. إن المنح التي قدمتها السفارة الأمريكية في ليبيا وصندوق السفراء لحماية التراث (AFCP) ومكتب شؤؤون الشرق الأدنى في واشنطن جعل هذا العمل ممكناً. إن المبادئ والأهداف الأساسية لبرنامج بناء القدرات قد استوحيناها من تقرير جيوفاني بوكاردي لبعثة اليونسكو للتراث العالمي، وبالأخص توصيته بأن تقوم دائرة الآثار الليبية بالحصول على أفضل تدريب في إدارة الموروث الثقافي الحديث وذلك عن طريق شراكات مستدامة مع مهنيين ومؤسسات من الخارج .
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

Local hosting and transnational identity - Hoffman, Katherine E. (Forced Migration Review, 2012)
Initially, as groups of migrant workers crossed into Tunisia en route to the airport on the Tunisian island of Djerba, Tunisian villagers organised cooking crews, with men cooking together in community centres and women cooking separately in their homes. The shared language and similar customs facilitated Libyan integration into Tunisian villages and small towns. Since pre-schoolaged Libyan children in the Nafusa Mountains usually only speak Tamazight, Libyan women felt reassured living among Tamazight speakers.

Virginie Prevost: Les mosquées ibadites du Djebel Nafūsa. Architecture, histoire et religions du nord-ouest de la Libye (viiie/xiiie siècle). (Society for Libyan Studies Monograph, 10.) xxi, 232 pp. London: The Society for Libyan Studies, 2016. ISBN 978 1 900971 41 6. - Aillet, Cyrille (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

Zwara (Zuwārah) Berber - Gussenhoven, Carlos (Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2018)
Zwara Berber is a variety of Nafusi (ISO 639-3; Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016) which belongs to the eastern Zenati group within northern Berber (where Berber is the scientific term for Tamazight), a branch of Afro-Asiatic. Zwara (Zuwārah, Zuwara, Zuāra, Zuara, Zouara) is a coastal city located at 32.9° N, 12.1° E in Libya. The speakers refer to themselves as / a t ˈ w i l . l u l / (also / a j t ˈ w i l . l u l /) ‘those of Willul’ and to their specific variety of the language as / t .ˈ w i l . l u l t / ‘the language of Willul’. Having no official status during the Italian colonization of Libya and the first period after the country's independence in 1951, repression of the language became severe after the Cultural Revolution of 1973. Its propagation through teaching and the media fell under a constitutional ban on the denial of the Arab identity of the state, and qualified as such as treason, a capital offense. Until the revolution of 2011 (‘17 February’), the language was therefore not spoken in cultural, educational or governmental domains and could not be taught, printed or broadcast. The number of Tamazight speakers in Libya is estimated at 184,000 in Lewis et al. (2016) and at 560,000 by Chakel & Ferkal (2012). In the absence of a municipal register, the number of inhabitants in Zwara is uncertain. A conservative estimate is between 50,000 and 100,000, which is also the number of speakers of the Zwara variety. Other than through exposure by radio and television, children learn Arabic only from age six, when attending school. Speakers have variable L2 Arabic competence depending on exposure to the language.
Keywords: Linguistique – Zouara

Expressing Entitlement in Colonial Algeria: Villagers, Medical Doctors, and the State in the Early 20th Century - Clark, Hannah-Louise (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2016)
A second petition originated in the commune mixte of La Meskiana in July 1917 (see Fig. 3). Official figures from the turn of the century recorded an estimated population of 57,802 seminomadic "natives" and 1,919 Europeans spread over 448,480 hectares. It took administrative orders at least two days to reach the administrator of La Meskiana from the prefecture of Constantine, which was situated 220 kilometers away. The duwwar sixty or seventy kilometers distance from the infirmary in La Meskiana were barely accessible by mule tracks. Whereas the previous petition united the European, Muslim, and Jewish inhabitants of Châteaudun-du-Rhumel, the Muslim landowners, tradesmen, and their servants who signed the shikaya from La Meskiana did so independently of Europeans and Jews. Seventy-three individuals signed the shikaya, which was written in a mixture of classical Arabic and Arabic dialect. It was probably drawn up by Salah bin [illegible] bin Gharbal al-Jarbi, whose signature resembles the handwriting of the text closely. The petition drew a considerable portion of its support–nine of its total seventy-three signatures–from men belonging to families from the Tunisian island of Djerba (Jarba).
Keywords: Emigration – Djerba – Algérie – 20e siècle; Ibn Ghurbal; Salah

“Mirages de l'outre-mer”: Postcolonial Travel in Rachid Boudjedra's Topographie idéale pour une agression caractérisée - Livi Yoshioka-Maxwell (Research in African Literatures, 2018)

Nizwa Fort: Transforming Ibadi Religion through Heritage Discourse in Oman - Sachedina, Amal (Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 2019)
Since becoming a nation-state in 1970, Oman's expanding heritage industry has included the restoration of castles and citadels, including the fort at Nizwa. The fort was once the administrative and juridical center of the Ibadi Imamate (1913–58). As the site of sharia adjudication, it sanctioned a past of primarily moral nature, oriented toward God and salvation and grounded in Ibadi doctrine and practice. This mode of history implied that everyday interactions and relationships could be assessed through exemplary forms of morality, as embodied by virtuous forbears. Yet the heritage project in modern Oman has treated history and Islam as seemingly separate, erasing formal awareness of the sociopolitical and ethical relationships that once characterized Ibadi rule. Today, the historical work done by the fort as a heritage site entails a progress-oriented future, reconfiguring Ibadi Islam in the process.
Keywords: Monuments – Oman

The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam by Valerie J. Hoffman (review) - Brown, Jonathan (Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

The Essentials of Ibadi Islam by Valerie J. Hoffman (review) - Timani, Hussam S. (Islamic Africa, 2014)
Keywords: Recension

أقوال قتادة : مخطوط إباضي ثمين من جزيرة جربة - Ess, Josef van (دراسات, 2012)

Book review: The Ibadis in the Region of the Indian Ocean. Section One : East Africa, written by Heinz Gaube - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2015)
"Book review: The Ibadis in the Region of the Indian Ocean. Section One : East Africa, written by Heinz Gaube" published on 04 Mar 2015 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Book review: Oman and Overseas éd. Michaela Hoffmann-Ruf et Abdulrahman al-Salimi, written by Oman and Overseas - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2015)
"Book review: Oman and Overseas éd. Michaela Hoffmann-Ruf et Abdulrahman al-Salimi, written by Oman and Overseas" published on 04 Mar 2015 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Ibāḍī Manuscripts at the Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie: Descriptions, Watermarks, and Implications - Love Jr, Paul M. (Journal of Islamic Manuscripts, 2016)
This article offers descriptions of a handful of manuscripts by Ibāḍī Muslim authors held in the Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie (BnT). In addition to the manuscript descriptions, it discusses some of the implications of these and other Ibāḍī manuscripts for the study of the medieval and early modern Ibāḍī traditions in Northern Africa. More specifically, it highlights the previously overlooked potential of manuscript evidence to illuminate our understanding of the formation and long-term maintenance of the Ibāḍī tradition in the Maghrib from the medieval period up to the 20th century.
Keywords: Manuscrits – Tunis

Ibadi Theology : Rereading Sources and Scholarly Works, written by Ersilia Francesca - Prevost, Virginie (Arabica, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Ibadi Theology. Rereading sources and scholarly works, written by Ersilia Francesca - Demichelis, Marco (Oriente Moderno, 2016)
"Ibadi Theology. Rereading sources and scholarly works, written by Ersilia Francesca" published on 18 Nov 2016 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb. Edition and Study, written by Kahlan Al-Kharusi, 2016 - Rebstock, Ulrich (Die Welt des Islams, 2018)
"Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb. Edition and Study, written by Kahlan Al-Kharusi, 2016 " published on 16 Mar 2018 by Brill.
Keywords: Recension

Ibadis on (and in) the Margins: Manuscript Notes from the Buffalo Agency in Early-Modern Cairo - Love Jr, Paul M. (Journal of Islamic Manuscripts, 2018)
From at least the 17th century onward, a sizeable Maghribi Ibadi community lived, studied, and worked in the city of Cairo, centered around a trade agency, school, and library known as the ‘Buffalo Agency’ (Wikālat al-Jāmūs). Over nearly four centuries, this agency served as a hub for Ibadi intellectual activity and manuscript production. Despite its place of prominence in the history of early-modern Ibadi communities, manuscripts are some of the only surviving evidence of its existence. Using manuscript notes from and catalog data on manuscripts either held at the agency’s library or copied there, this article suggests that Ibadis were far from the small, isolated minority community in northern Africa they are often imagined to have been. Instead, the story of the Buffalo Agency points to the ways in which Ibadis very much belonged to the intellectual and commercial worlds of Sunni-dominated Cairo from the 17th–20th centuries.
Keywords: Manuscrits – Le Caire

Algeria: Ghardaia - a Ghost Town (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2014)
Keywords: Conflits – Mzab

Algeria: Ghardaia Tension (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2014)
Keywords: Conflits – Mzab

Assessment of the effect of modern transformation on the traditional settlement ‘Ksar’ of Ouargla in southern Algeria - Sebti, Moufida; Alkama, Djamel; Bouchair, Ammar (Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2013)
Keywords: Architecture – Mzab

The Manufacture of Raw Brick from the Saharan Sand-Based Mortar of Ouargla (Located in the Septentrional Sahara, Algeria) for use in Arid Regions - Leghrieb, Youcef; Mitiche, Ratiba; Bentebba, Mohammed Taher; Djouhri, Mohammed; Kriker, Abdelouahed (Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2012)
Keywords: Artisanat – Ouargla

Italian scholars on Ibadism - Francesca, Ersilia (Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio, 2017)
Il contributo è incentrato sull’apporto che studiosi italiani del secolo scorso hanno dato ad una migliore comprensione dell’Ibadismo. Laura Veccia Vaglieri, Carlo Alfonso Nallino, Mario Martino Moreno, Roberto Rubinacci, insieme a Vanna Cremonesi e Generosa Crupi La Rosa sono stati tra i primi a sottolineare l’importante contributo degli Ibaditi al pensiero islamico e, più in generale, alla formazione della cultura islamica. I risultati da essi raggiunti - al di là delle conclusioni di ciascuno studioso – sono di fondamentale importanza poiché attraggono l’attenzione su questioni cruciali come il passaggio di idee e dottrine all’interno della comunità musulmana. Nonostante la sua antichità, l’Islam Ibadita continua ad essere poco conosciuto e mal compreso. Spesso si riducono le sue peculiarità ad alcune dottrine politiche e ad un certo “puritanesimo” religioso. Ma il quadro è molto più complesso. La scuola ibadita ebbe fin dalle origini uno sviluppo parallelo ma autonomo rispetto alle scuole sunnite, basato sull’apporto di proprie autorità e giuristi. Gli Ibaditi hanno un ricco patrimonio letterario che risale fino alle origini dell’Islam, il cui studio è di grande potenzialità per una migliore comprensione sia dell’Islam in generale sia dell’apporto Ibadita in particolare.
Keywords: Orientalisme – Italie

Oman and Ibadism from a Religious Regional Perspective - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio, 2017)
Questo paper affronta il tema dell’identità Omanita e l’ideologico religioso Islamico Ibadita. Fra gli elementi principali che caratterizzano l’Oman, si possono considerare: 1. La sua particolare configurazione geografica. 2. La sua popolazione multi-culturale e multi-religiosa sin da epoche antichissime e precedent l’Islam stesso. 3. La dottrina Islamica Ibadita. Conseguentemente, in primo luogo l’Autore si sofferma sulle particolari connotazioni geografiche dell’Oman e suoi molteplici ‘paesaggi’, i quali hanno indubbiamnete avuto un profondo impatto sugli habitat umani e la loro organizzazione all’interno delle diverse nicchie ecologiche del Paese, risalendo a secoli se non a millenni or sono. Riguardo a quest’ultimo aspetto, una delle principali connotazioni è stata quella del tribalismo e le sue complementarietà all’interno di una cornice che, in Oman, è sempre stata caratterizzata da multi-culturalità e multi-religiosità. Quindi, con l’avvento dell’Islam, un nuovo fattore si è imposto sulla scena storica omanita: l’Ibadismo e le sue dinamiche. Dopo un breve schema storico e in ampia parte riferendosi al paper precedente, il discorso puntualizza i principî base dell’Ibadismo e della sua evoluzione nel tempo, il ruolo giocato in Oman nel corso dei secoli, il suo impatto sulla società locale e il modello politico-istituzionale che esso ha contribuito a forgiare e modellare. Si tratta di una eredità culturale tramandata nei secoli fino ad oggi. Infine, l’Autore dà un rapido ma chiaro affresco dell’Ibadismo e del suo ideologico religioso oggi, il rapporto fra questa ideologia religiosa e il concetto di Modernità tecnologica e sociale, Corano e principî guida religiosi di fronte alle diversità, la risposta Ibadita di fronte a un nuovo modello di società inter-religiosa e inter-etnica.

Eisener, Reinhard (Hg.): Today’s Perspectives on Ibadi History. Hildesheim/Zürich/New York: Georg Olms 2017. 349 S. m. Abb. 4° = Studies on Ibadism and Oman 7. Hartbd. € 68,00. ISBN 978-3-487-15152-6. - Rebstock, Ulrich (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 2019)
Keywords: Recension

Ahmed E. Souaiaia . Anatomy of Dissent in Islamic Societies: Ibadism, Rebelllion, and Legitimacy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. xv + 228 pages, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth US$100.00 ISBN 978-1-13737-160-7. - Hoffman, Valerie J. (Review of Middle East Studies, 2016)
Keywords: Recension

Abdulrahman al-Salimi / Heinz Gaube (eds.): A New Collection Dedicated to Ibadism and Oman: A Review of the First Four Publications (2013–4) - Aillet, Cyrille (Der Islam, 2015)
Keywords: Recension

On Ibadism, written by Angeliki Ziaka - Jomier, Augustin (Arabica, 2017)
Keywords: Recension

John C. Wilkinson: Ibâḍism. Origins and Early Development in Oman. (Oxford Oriental Monographs.) xxxvii, 472 pp. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. ₤90. ISBN 978 0 19 958826 8. - Ess, Josef van (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2011)
Keywords: Recension

John C. Wilkinson, Ibâḍism: Origins and Early Development in Oman, Oxford Oriental Monographs (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2010). Pp. 500. $185.00 cloth. - Madelung, Wilferd (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2012)
Keywords: Recension

Is Islamic tourism a viable option for Tunisian tourism? Insights from Djerba - Carboni, Michele; Perelli, Carlo; Sistu, Giovanni (Tourism Management Perspectives, 2014)
Keywords: Tourisme – Djerba

The Sālim Bin Yaʿqūb Ibāḍī Manuscript Library in Jerba, Tunisia: A Preliminary Survey & Inventory - Love Jr, Paul M. (Journal of Islamic Manuscripts, 2017)
Keywords: Bibliothèques – Djerba

The Stone Age in Northwestern Libya: Observations Along a Pipeline - Parenti, Fabio; Mengoli, Davide; Natali, Luca (The African Archaeological Review, 2015)
More than 500 km, from the Mediterranean coast to the Hammada al-Hamra, were surveyed in 2002-'03 along the AGIP-Gas pipeline. Several morphological units were crossed: the Jefara, the Jebel Gharbi and the Hammada al-Hamra. This paper reports the location of more than 60 surface sites, with special attention to Lower and Middle Stone Age assemblages, by far the most represented periods. More than 6,500 lithic artifacts have been collected spanning from Mode 1 to the Late Stone Age. The survey was carried out on foot, along a narrow band of around 50 m width for 80 % of the pipeline, representing an extraordinary sample from the coast to the northern desert and, more extensively, in the Wafa area on the Hammada plateau, where stone quarries, fireplaces and important lithic scatters were documented. On the whole, the assemblages, compared with the main Stone Age sites of Northern Africa, seem older in the very southern sector, well into the Hammada, whereas sites on the Jebel cliff and immediately south are dominated by Middle and Late Stone Age cultural traits. The survey proved to be both a good tool for planning development projects and an important occasion for the study of a relevant region of Northern African prehistory. Plus de 500 km du gazoduc AGIP ont été prospectés en 2002-'03, de la côte méditerranéenne jusqu'à la Hammada al-Hamra, sur plusieurs unités morphologiques: Jefara, Jebel Gharbi, Hammada al-Hamra. Cette prospection a permis de décrire plus de 60 gisements de surface, la plupart attribués au Paléolithique inférieur et moyen (phases culturelles le plus fréquemment rencontrées). Plus de 6500 artefacts lithiques ont ainsi été récoltés, de l'Oldowayen au Late Stone Age. La prospection s'est faite à pied, le long d'une bande étroite de 50 m sur 4/5 du parcours, ce qui représente un échantillon extraordinaire, de la côte jusqu'au désert septentrional, et plus en détail dans la région de Wafa, sur le plateau de l'Hammada, où des ateliers de taille, foyers et autres sites de surface ont été trouvés. Les sites sembleraient plus anciens dans la partie méridionale du secteur, bien à l'intérieur de la Hammada. Sur les abords du Jebel, et immédiatement au Sud, les sites du Pleistocène supérieur dominent, Middle et Late Stone Age. Le potentiel archéologique de cette région est analysé dans le cadre de la préhistoire paléolithique nord-africaine.
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

Muslim Poets under a Christian King: An Intertextual Reevaluation of Sicilian Arabic Literature under Roger II (1112–54) (Part I) - Miller, Nathaniel A. (Mediterranean Studies, 2019)
Throughout the twelfth century, a number of Arabic-speaking Muslims produced poetry in the court of the Normans of Sicily. This article examines literary figures active under Roger II in the context of their interlocutors, professional colleagues, and other contemporaries around the western Mediterranean and North Africa. It argues that, in this context, most of the Sicilian Arab literary figures were only secondarily poets, their primary role being within a chancery or other administrative milieu, and that they continued to assert an undiminished Islamic identity, although living under Christian rule. This identity is mirrored in the intertextual play on topoi (maʿānī) found in Sicilian Arabic poetry, which was heavily engaged with cultural activity around the Mediterranean.
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes – Djerba

Chinese porcelains and the decorations of Omani mihrabs - Goffriller, Martin S.; Hongjiao, Ma; Bandyopadhyay, Soumyen; Henderson, Julian (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2015)
This paper explores the history of the Chinese porcelain trade in Oman with the aim of gauging the impact of these wares on Oman's religious architecture. The large quantities of porcelain surface finds from the interior and the comparatively unusual reliance on them for the decoration of prayer niches, in the presence of equally valuable wares from Persia and elsewhere, suggest an elevated status for these objects, which is not necessarily a product of their immediate monetary value. Chemical and stylistic analyses were carried out to determine the dates and provenance of the ceramics studied, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of their introduction into the Omani market and their relation to religious design schemes.
Keywords: Archéologie – Oman

Que mangeaient les lotophages ? Contribution de l’ethnobotanique maghrébine à l’interprétation d’un passage de l’Odyssée - Bellakhdar, Jamal (Revue des Etudes Anciennes, 2016)
Keywords: Botanique – Djerba

Aperçu des stratégies des communautés ibadites du Maghreb dans la conservation et la valorisation du patrimoine manuscrit - Mestaoui, Soufien (Horizons maghrébins, 2017)
Keywords: Bibliothèques – Djerba; Bibliothèques – Mzab; Manuscrits – Djerba; Manuscrits – Mzab

Para una biografía de Lope de Figueroa : notas críticas y nuevas aportaciones. Parte primera: hasta la jornada de Djerba y el final de su cautiverio por los Turcos (1564) - Leonardi, Salvatore (Revista de historia militar, 2013)
Keywords: Invasions chrétiennes – Djerba – 1560

Stock discrimination of two insular populations of Diplodus annularis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sparidae) along the coast of Tunisia by analysis of otolith shape - Trojette, M.; Ben Faleh, Abderraouf; Fatnassi, Manel; Marsaoui, Bochra; Mahouachi, Nour El Houda; Chalh, Abdellah; Quignard, Jean-Pierre; Trabelsi, Monia (Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 2015)
Keywords: Entomologie – Djerba

I Berberi nella Libia post-Gheddafi: il caso del Jebel Nefusa tra storia e presente - Morone, Antonio M.; Pagano, Chiara (Il Politico, 2015)
Keywords: Berbérisme – Djebel Nefousa

The radicalization of heritage in Tunisia - Rey, Virginie (International journal of Islamic architecture, 2018)
Since the so-called 'Jasmine Revolution' of 2009 in Tunisia, the idea of heritage has been destabilized following a series of attacks on religious and cultural sites across the country by militant Salafi groups. Thus far, sites of Jewish heritage have been the most affected. Cultural heritage from Tunisia's rich ancient history, redolent for certain Islamists with associations of Jahiliyya, has also been targeted. The well-publicized attack on the Bardo Museum in March 2015 was perhaps the most famous symbol of this trend. However, less publicized have been attempts to reclaim some sacred sites, resulting in the occupation of local mosques on the island of Djerba and in the town of Le Kef. In the wake of these events, some Djerbian civilians have stood up to defend what they consider as intrinsic parts of the patrimonial identity of their island. But as they have been defending these mosques against extremist groups, new considerations related to their preservation have surfaced, calling into question their very patrimonialization. In the context of this radical politicization of Tunisian heritage, this article explores the struggle over who defines the meanings and uses of heritage in Tunisia and the new challenges and opportunities that Salafi attacks have created for the heritage sector since the revolution.
Keywords: Architecture – Djerba; Monuments – Djerba; Talâkin; Mosquée (Ghizen; Djerba); Tâjdît; Mosquée (Fâtû; Djerba)

Dragut, un Corsario enemigo, Admirado y Temido - Martin Corrales, Eloy (Studia Historica. Historia Moderna, 2014)

La politique coloniale à l'égard des juifs : l'expulsion des Kabla, banquier de Djerba, au milieu des années trente - Sahbani, Karima (Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine, 2012)
Keywords: Judaïsme – Djerba

The Transformation of Religious Learning in Oman: Tradition and Modernity - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2011)
The last fifty years mark a period of great change in the role of religious leadership and education in the Sultanate of Oman. The country moved from bifurcated leadership between an Imam and a Sultan to a single political authority. These decades also witnessed the modernisation of the state. These factors combined to reshape the place of religion and religious education in society. Whereas previously religious leaders had relative autonomy and more direct political influence, now they were brought under the auspices of the government with their focus circumscribed to religious matters. The structures and foci of religious education were then reshaped so that tradition provided a platform for progress and the more zealous ideologies emerging in the region could be held at bay. This has permitted Oman to modernise and engage with a global society in an amicable, non-sectarian, manner.
Keywords: Enseignement – Oman

Revolting Women? Early Kharijite Women in Islamic Sources - Baugh, Carolyn (Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies, 2017)
The Kharijites were an early movement of anti-government activists, self-proclaimed pious rebels who began their protests in the seventh century of the common era. Their initial complaint was against ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān (d. 656 CE), the third Caliph, for what they perceived as abuses of power and improper execution of Divine Law. Throughout Islamic history, many groups have appeared to protest deeply corrupt systems and injustices. Many women participated vigorously in anti-government protests, many going so far as to take up arms. Even today, any group engaged in governmental protest or anti-government activities might easily be dubbed Kharijites and thus dismissed as “extremist.” This paper focuses on women in Kharijite movements of late antiquity. The sources for this inquiry are early writers including Jāḥiẓ (d. 869 CE), Mubarrad (d. 900 CE), and Ṭabarī (d. 923 CE), with reference to the modern-era biographical compendium of ʿUmar Riḍā al-Kaḥḥāla. The three women discussed span three generations of Kharijite activity. Each of the three has a story with the ruler of the time. For Qaṭām, it is a story of revenge against the Caliph ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (d. 660 CE). For Baljāʾ, it is one of political protest against the Caliph Muʿāwiya (d. 680 CE), directed against his governors Ziyād ibn Abīhi (d. 673 CE) and his son ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ziyād (d. 686 CE). And for Ghazāla, it is a story of a year of battle and bloodshed during the rule of the Umayyad Caliph ʿAbd al-Mālik ibn Marwān's (d. 705 CE) tyrannical governor, al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf (d. 714 CE). The ways these deeply opinionated and activist women are depicted provide telling insight into how Muslim historiography has grappled with women revolutionaries.
Keywords: Kharijisme

African Identities, Afro-Omani Music, and the Official Constructions of a Musical Past - Harthy, Majid H. al- (The World of Music, 2012)
Based on dissertation research in the port city of Sur, historically significant both for trans-oceanic seafaring and trade, and more specifically for its connection to the east coast of Africa, this article analyzes the African-derived performance genres that dominate Sur's music scene within an ever-elusive concept of Africa. The sacred healing rituals zār, mikwarā, and ṭambūra; and the secular genres, mdema, and fann is-ṣawt have been renamed funūn taqlīdīya or traditional arts, national nomenclature that collects the myriad traditions of the country while marginalizing differential identities. Rhetorically, Suri musicians not only adopt, they also emphasize their national Omani identity, while expressing their African identity as of the "other." Musically, however, their approach to performance, including the use of Swahili texts, the predominance of body movement, and multi-layered musical textures produced by a variety of instruments from East Africa, reveals, I argue, the musicians' African identity as a "self." The seemingly binary "self" identities articulated by Suri musicians through two differing modes of expression (rhetoric and performance) illustrate not only the problematic nature of the concept of Africa in Oman, but also highlights how simplistically the African presence in Oman has been treated in the music scholarship of this country.
Keywords: Musique – Oman

The Musical Design of National Space and Time in Oman - Rasmussen, Anne K. (The World of Music, 2012)
This article unpacks ethnographic research conducted in 2010–2011 and in 2012 among cultural activists and reformers who are using music as a generative force toward the development of collective identities in a geopolitical space. I analyze three domains of cultural production and consider how the Sultan's initiatives have resulted in the embodiment of artistic consumption and connoisseurship that are required for musical life in the public sphere: first are the Sultan's privately controlled military bands, Arab music ensembles, and symphony orchestra; second are public arts festivals that nurture and celebrate traditional music and dance; third is the domain of Omani popular music facilitated by Arab regional interculturalism and media flows that depend significantly on practitioners from Egypt, Iraq, and other Gulf states. I show how these domains of music and dance work to enable the imagination of a cultural space and time for Oman and its historical and contemporary relationships with the Arab world, Africa, Asia, and "the West." The ethnographic focus on the Salalah Festival in the Dhofar province, provides a close-up shot of the workings of the state at the local level in a context that is both far from the control of the capitol city, Muscat, but that also reproduces many of the relations of dominance and resistance that is an inevitable artifact of political power and cultural policy.
Keywords: Musique – Oman

On the Decks of Dhows: Musical Traditions of Oman and the Indian Ocean World - Ulaby, Laith (The World of Music, 2012)
This article situates the musical traditions of Oman in the broader context of the Arabian Peninsula and Indian Ocean. Trade, slavery, and pilgrimage prompted the creation of networks that extended across the Indian Ocean for hundreds of years and facilitated deep and lasting cultural exchanges. Oman has played an important role in these networks and this is deeply reflected in many of the local musical traditions. Since about the middle of the 20th century, countries in the Arabian Gulf (sometimes referred to as the GCC, Gulf Cooperation Council, plus Yemen) have made strides toward establishing independent nationalism in the contemporary race for unique identities; however, their histories, peoples, and musical traditions, particularly those of nomadic Bedouins and coastal seafaring populations, have overlapped for many centuries. I attempt to sketch out some comparisons, particularly in terms of performance practice, between Oman and the rest of the Gulf States with a focus on maritime music, the music that occurred "on the decks of dhows," the traditional sailing vessel of the Arabian Gulf. My theoretical grounding for this article engages with frameworks for cultural transmission and explores their relevance to the Gulf. By looking at historical accounts and previous scholarship, alongside ethnographic research, I describe some of the conduits for sharing musical influence with the broader Indian Ocean cultural space. Lastly, I critically examine some of the historiographies that have been created around these exchanges and their valence to the political economy of cultural heritage in the region.
Keywords: Musique – Oman

Music in Oman: an Overture - Harthy, Majid H. al-; Rasmussen, Anne K. (The World of Music, 2012)
Keywords: Musique – Oman

Mutation du mode d’occupation du sol à Djerba: le cas de deux familles ibadites de Guellala - Bielawski, Mathilde (Horizons maghrébins, 2017)
Keywords: Urbanisme – Djerba

The Sufris of Sijilmasa: toward a history of the Midrarids - Love Jr, Paul M. (The Journal of North African Studies, 2010)
Keywords: Sufrisme

special issue on Ibāḍī Islam: Introduction - Kharusi, Kahlan al- (The Muslim World, 2015)
Keywords: Kharijisme

Between Trend and Necessity: Top-Down Entrepreneurship Promotion in Oman and Qatar: Between Trend and Necessity - Ennis, Crystal A. (The Muslim World, 2015)
Keywords: Commerce – Oman

The Origins and Contemporary Approaches to Intra-Islamic and Inter-Religious Coexistence and Dialogue in Oman - Leonard, Douglas R. (The Muslim World, 2015)
Keywords: Tolérance religieuse – Oman

Mysticism, Rationalism and Puritanism in Modern Omani Ibāḍism (18th–Early 20th Century) - Hoffman, Valerie J. (The Muslim World, 2015)
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/muwo.12091

Omani Fatwas and Zanzibari Cosmopolitanism: Modernity and Religious Authority in the Indian Ocean - Ghazal, Amal N. (The Muslim World, 2015)
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/muwo.12087
Keywords: Réformisme – Zanzibar

Ibāḍī Discussions on Conversion and Commitment - Kondo, Yohei (The Muslim World, 2015)

Early Ibāḍī Creed in the 2nd/8th Century: A Study of Wā'il Bin Ayyūb's “Nasab Al Islam” (“the Lineage of Islam”) - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (The Muslim World, 2015)
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/muwo.12088
Keywords: Foi – Traité – 8e siècle

The Ibāḍī Approach to the Methodology of Qur'anic Exegesis - Albayrak, Ismail; Shueili, Sulaiman bin Ali bin Amir al- (The Muslim World, 2015)
In recent times, research on the Ibāḍī tradition by both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars has increased, but has not yet shed light on the wider significance of this tradition. While the primary focus of researchers has been on the Ibāḍī tradition as a school of thought, its important contribution to various Islamic disciplines is still neglected. For this reason, there is a serious need for a comprehensive study of the Ibāḍī works on Islam, especially as new manuscripts are continually being discovered. When we look at Ibāḍī Islamic literature in general and compare Ibāḍī jurisprudence and theology, we realise that the poorest and most unexplored field of study consists of the Ibāḍī works on exegesis (tafsīr). The once inaccessible and insufficient amount of Ibāḍī sources and materials may have accounted for this lack of interest; however, today, materials related to Ibāḍī exegesis and understanding are becoming available. In this article, we focus on the methodology of Qur'anic exegesis with reference to commentators from the Ibāḍī tradition. As far as we know, this paper is a first in this field of research, and will discuss the primary features of the Ibāḍī method, its similarities to and differences from other exegetical approaches, and its original contributions.
Keywords: Coran – Commentaires

On Being An Ibāḍī - Wilkinson, John Craven (The Muslim World, 2015)
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/muwo.12095

Ibāḍī Law and Jurisprudence - Francesca, Ersilia (The Muslim World, 2015)
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/muwo.12089
Keywords: Fiqh

Le M’zab : de la pentapole à la métropole - Maachou, M. (Bulletin des sciences géographiques, 2013)
Keywords: Urbanisme – Mzab

Urbanisation de la vallée du M’zab et mitage de la palmeraie de Ghardaïa (Algérie) : un patrimoine oasien menacé - Bensalah, Imen; Yousfi, Badreddine; Menaa, Nadjat; Bougattoucha, Zohir (Belgeo, 2018)
Keywords: Urbanisme – Mzab

Recherches sur les édifices ibadites du Djebel Nafūsa - Prevost, Virginie (Acta Orientalia Belgica, 2014)
The Nafūsa Mountains, known as a stronghold of Berber Ibadism, have developed an extremely rich vernacular architecture. Little rural mosques abound in the jabal, which may occasionally go back to the eight or ninth centuries AD. Some mosques are associated with scholars or chiefs quoted in mediaeval Ibadi texts, or with the Christian past of the region. Many are semi-subterranean and present in the prayer hall noteworthy decorations carved out of the plastering. The three remaining communal fortified granaries also are of particular interest. All those Ibadi buildings will be studied in a forthcoming publication.
Keywords: Architecture – Djebel Nefousa

Des femmes au Maghreb : regards d'une ethnologue sur cinquante ans d'études et de recherches - Lacoste-Dujardin, Camille (Hérodote, 2010)

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plant in Djerba island, Tunisia - Ben Salah, Myriam; Barhoumi, Tarek; Abderraba, Manef (Arabian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2019)
Objective :The aim of this study was to document the diversity and use of natural plants in the island of Djerba (Tunisia) in traditional pharmacopoeia and other uses in order to develop an ethnobotanical catalogue that could subsequently be the subject of scientific research.Materials and Methods: The technique of semi-structured interviews was used with people originating and residing or not in Djerba. Occasional conversations and direct observations were exploited for one year.Results: We have identified 86 plants out of 122 mentioned belonging to 80 genera and 43 families. Asteraceae were the most important family represented by 13 species followed by Lamiaceae and Poaceae (7 species each). The results showed that 45 species have medicinal uses (52.32%). Leaves were the most used parts (59% of species for medicinal use). Decoction was the most common method for preparing remedies.Conclusion: This study provides an important source of information for flora valorization in the studied region. The results could form a database for the search of new natural substances with added value.
Keywords: Botanique – Djerba

« Et il les envoya prêcher le royaume de Dieu et guérir les malades... » (Luc, IX, 2). Soigner les populations au Sahara : l'hôpital mixte de ghardaïa (1895-1910) - Fredj, Claire (Histoire et missions chrétiennes, 2012)
Keywords: Missionnaires – Algérie

Ibâḍî Reformism in Twentieth-Century Algeria : The Tafsîr of Shaykh Ibrâhîm Bayyûḍ - Hoffman, Valerie J.; Shueili, Sulaiman bin Ali bin Amir al- (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2012)
Shaykh Ibrâhîm b. ‘Umar Bayyûḍ of Wâdî Mzâb (1899-1981), leader of Ibâḍî reformism in Algeria after the death of Muḥammad b. Yûsuf Aṭfiyyash (1820-1914), delivered a public commentary on the Qur’an from 1935-1980, which was recorded beginning with Sûra 17:70. Shaykh Bayyûḍ claimed to follow the goals and methodology of Muḥammad ‘Abduh and Rashîd Riḍâ’s Tafsîr al-Manâr. This article analyzes Shaykh Bayyûḍ’s commentary in comparison to, on the one hand, Aṭfiyyash’s two Qur’an commentaries (Hamayân al-zâd ilâ dâr al-ma‘âd and Taysîr al-tafsîr), in order to determine its relationship to earlier modern Ibâḍî reformism, and, on the other hand, to Tafsîr al-Manâr, in order to determine its relationship to that strand of Sunni reformism. It finds that Bayyûḍ’s commentary, like Tafsîr al-Manâr, promotes Islamic unity and eschews theological dogmatism, while attacking customs deemed antithetical to Islamic teaching and making sometimes lengthy digressions on topics of contemporary social and political importance. Nonetheless, Bayyûḍ remains faithful to Ibâḍî doctrine on topics on which Ibâḍîs and Sunnis differ, and there is little evidence that he argued for Islam’s compatibility with liberal values ; on the contrary, at several points in his commentary he states that modern ideas and customs constitute a real threat to Islam.
Keywords: Bayyūḍ; Ibrāhīm ibn ʿUmar (1899-1981); Coran – Commentaires – 20e siècle

Tensions of nationalism: The Mzabi student missions in Tunis and the politics of anticolonialism - Ghazal, Amal N. (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2015)
Abstract This article examines the significant yet largely overlooked role of the Mzabis, a community from the northern edges of the Algerian desert, in Algerian and Tunisian anticolonialism and nationalism. In so doing, it pursues two aims: first, to shed light on the importance of Tunis to the politicization of the Mzabis in the 1920s and to their induction into local and regional anticolonial and national movements; and second, to highlight the tensions of subsuming regional identities into overarching national identities by focusing on Mzabi political activists’ negotiation of the relationship between the Mzab and Algeria as a national project. The article also explores the spectrum of political possibilities and alternatives envisioned by Mzabis as they participated in religious reform, anticolonial, and nationalist movements. This spectrum, I argue, conveys the fluid relationship between local, national, and regional identities, thus undermining teleological readings of national identity formation.
Keywords: Réformisme – Mzab

Ibāḍism: History, Doctrines, and Recent Scholarship: Ibāḍism - Hoffman, Valerie J. (Religion Compass, 2015)

The Field of In Between - Stein, Sarah Abrevaya (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2014)
In the spring of 1902, Miryam bint Lalu Partush appealed to military representatives in Ghardaïa, in the Mzab Valley (a valley of five fortified oasis cities in the northern Algerian Sahara, six hundred kilometers south of Algiers), for the paperwork that would allow her to undertake a six-month pilgrimage to Jerusalem with her husband, the wealthy merchant Musa (Moshe) bin Ibrahim Partush. Miryam Partush was unusual in possessing the means for such a rare, costly voyage; but notwithstanding her class, Partush's legal status was typical of most Muslims and southern Algerian Jews in Algeria. She was not a citizen, nor did she hold official papers of any kind. When Miryam Partush appealed to the military authorities in Ghardaïa, then, she was appealing for many things: for the right to leave her native valley and travel to the port of Algiers; for the papers that would allow her to cross colonial boundaries; and for the documentation that would register her liminal legal identity. Authorizing her travel, Algeria's governor-general named Partush a “non-naturalized Jew from the Mzab.” Thus did Partush embark on her six-month journey with a negative legal identity: this Jewish woman was definable, in the eyes of the law, only by what she did not possess.
Keywords: Judaïsme – Mzab

Counter-currents: Mzabi independence, pan-Ottomanism and WWI in the Maghrib - Ghazal, Amal N. (First World War Studies, 2016)

Youth and activism in Algeria. The question of political generations - Hadj-Moussa, Ratiba (The Journal of North African Studies, 2019)
Keywords: Vie politique – Mzab

Interdiction des emblèmes berbères et occupation des espaces symboliques : amazighité versus algérianité ? - Tilmatine, Mohand (L'Année du Maghreb, 2019)
Keywords: Berbérisme – Algérie

Revendications morales et politiques d’une révolte. Les émeutes du Mzab en Algérie (2013-2015) - Dufresne Aubertin, Laurence (L'Année du Maghreb, 2017)
Keywords: Conflits – Mzab

« Des perles dans leur coquillage » ? Les femmes et la réinvention du patriarcat dans l’Algérie coloniale (1882–1962) - Jomier, Augustin (Hawwa, 2019)
L’anthropologie des années 1960–1970 et l’apologétique musulmane véhiculent des visions fixistes des femmes au Maghreb. Combinées à la rareté des sources, ces idées font obstacle à la connaissance historique. À partir du cas du Mzab, une région du nord du Sahara algérien à la population majoritairement berbérophone et ibadite, cet article propose des pistes pour historiciser la condition des Algériennes durant la période coloniale. Là où Elizabeth Thompson a montré que le patriarcat a été réinventé et renforcé dans la Syrie mandataire par l’alliance des élites locales et de l’administration, cet article montre que la médiation de maîtresses femmes au Mzab a été indispensable au renforcement de la domination masculine. Un groupe de femmes savantes et pieuses, nommées les laveuses des mortes, y enseignaient la religion aux femmes et secondaient les lettrés ibadites dans leur mission. Elles furent les indispensables agents de la domination masculine, et virent leur agency accrue.

Acridid (Orthoptera: Caelifera) diversity in agriculture ecosystems at three locations in the Mzab valley, Septentrional Sahara, Algeria - Zergoun, Youcef; Guezoul, Omar; Sekour, Makhlouf; Bouras, Noureddine; Holtz, Michael D. (Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 2019)
Caelifera is one of the largest and most diverse group of insects, and they are the dominant Orthoptera in agriculture ecosystems. We present here an inventory of Acridid fauna of the agricultural ecosystems in the Mzab valley (Septentrional Sahara, Algeria). Grasshoppers were sampled with quadrats in Béni Isguen, Ghardaïa and El-Atteuf, and we have expressed the species richness, sampling effort and relative abundance. The method used is that of quadrats sampling. The results revealed the presence of 27 species, divided into three families, Acrididae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae. Among these families, we found that Acrididae are most diverse with six subfamilies. The subfamily Oedipodinae with 10 species was the most abundant, while the subfamily Tetriginae was the least abundant (represented by a one species). The value of the diversity index showed that the cultivated area of Béni Isguen is the most favorable for the development of many Caelifera. The abundance of grasses and low intensity of agricultural activity in this environment favors the presence of Acridid. We found that the Acridid community depends mainly on the nature and richness of vegetation cover, the intensity of agricultural activity and the type of irrigation. Keywords: Grasshopper, agricultural ecosystem, biodiversity, North Africa, Sahara
Keywords: Entomologie – Mzab

Spatial pattern of Islamic settlements of kampung Kauman Malang in the perspective of typical Mzab - Junara, Nunik; Sugeng, Triyadi S (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018)
Keywords: Recension

L'insertion des Mozabites d'Algérie dans les territoires d'accueil - Gueliane, Nora (Sociétés Plurielles, 2019)
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Algérie

Les réseaux étendus d’un archipel saharien. Les circulations de lettrés ibadites (XVIIe siècle-années 1950) - Jomier, Augustin (Revue d'histoire moderne contemporaine, 2016)
Cet article dévoile dans la longue durée les circulations de lettrés (oulémas) ibadites du Mzab et leurs échanges, entre le Sahara, les centres urbains du Maghreb et ceux du Moyen-Orient. Saisis à partir de l’Algérie colonisée, ces flux intellectuels, commerciaux et matériels (lettres, manuscrits, imprimés…) paraissent à première vue marginaux. À une tout autre échelle, ils constituent pourtant une plate-forme d’observation de liens transrégionaux et transimpériaux sous-estimés. Ces déplacements et ces échanges esquissent une aire et des flux migratoires qui enjambent le seuil chronologique des conquêtes coloniales. Ils font voler en éclat l’image d’un islam local et dénaturalisent le cadre algérien et colonial en donnant à voir, parmi les populations d’Algérie, des rapports à l’espace qui excèdent ceux construits en situation coloniale.

Islam, pureté et modernité. Les « innovations blâmables » en débat au Maghreb, 1920-1950 - Jomier, Augustin (Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 2018)
Keywords: Vie intellectuelle – Mzab

Tafilalt in the Mzab Valley – Algeria. A sustainable urban project in arid environment - Diafat, Abderrahmane; Madani, Said (urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 2019)
Abstract This paper aims to display a promising experience of designing a new community project based on the Mozabit old traditions to found their Ksour (plural of Ksar). The faith and “self-reliance” as ancient customs of the Mozabit society have led the Oases to survive in a hostile Saharan environment. Tafilalt project aims to respect the traditional architecture and values while creating architecture worthy of the sustainable development. The community in Bani Isguen city initiated the project in 1997, planning to create a new neighborhood for Bani Isguen ksar in order to alleviate the housing shortage in the Mzab Valley. The self-help, solidarity and collective work of this community allow low-income households to have access to affordable housing. The methodical approach fulfills a thorough analysis of the different steps concerning the process from the definition to the construction of such a collective project. This quite successful designed project tends to enhance the local urban environment and empower the community ties. A set of guidelines and recommendations are made in order to improve the design process and urban strategies of any alike coming projects. , Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma experiência promissora de criação de um novo projeto comunitário baseado nas antigas tradições mozabitas para fundar seus Ksour. A fé e a “autoconfiança” como costumes antigos da sociedade Mozabita levaram os Oásis a sobreviver em um ambiente hostil do Saara. O projeto Tafilalt visa respeitar a arquitetura e os valores tradicionais, criando uma arquitetura digna do desenvolvimento sustentável. A comunidade na cidade de Bani Isguen iniciou o projeto em 1997, planejando criar um novo bairro para Bani Isguen ksar, a fim de aliviar a escassez de moradias no Vale do Mzab. A autoajuda, a solidariedade e também o trabalho coletivo desta comunidade permitem que as famílias de baixa renda tenham acesso a moradias populares. A abordagem metodológica baseia-se na análise das diferentes etapas do processo, desde a definição do projeto até a construção desse projeto coletivo. Este projeto bem-sucedido foi projetado para melhorar o ambiente urbano local e fortalecer os laços comunitários. Um conjunto de diretrizes e recomendações será feito a fim de melhorar o processo de design e as estratégias urbanas de projetos similares.
Keywords: Urbanisme – Mzab

The Mzab foggara: an original technique for collecting the water rising - Remini, Boualem; Achour, Bachir; Ouled Belkhir, Cheikh; Baba Amar, Dahmane (Journal of Water and Land Development, 2012)
Abstract This paper describes for the first time an original foggara, different from the classical foggara (foggara of Gourara) which collects water from the Intercalary Continental aquifer. Located in the middle of the Mzab River, this hydraulic system called the Mzab foggara is intended to exploit the flood waters. Two missions were carried in 2009 and 2010 in the Mzab Valley to describe the hydraulic system. The Mzab foggara constitutes of a gallery of ovoid form 200 m long equipped with 9 air shafts and a 900 m long seguia. The foggara of the Mzab River can drain water flow of 5 m3·s-1 to irrigate western part of the palm plantation of Ghardaia (located 600 km south of Algiers).

Les Berbères du Jebel Nefousa dans la Libye post-Kadhafi: un perspective historique - Morone, Antonio M.; Pagano, Chiara (Libyan Affairs, 2016)
Keywords: Vie politique – Djebel Nefousa

Developing a Collaborative Strategy to Manage and Preserve Cultural Heritage During the Libyan Conflict. The Case of the Gebel Nāfusa - Nebbia, Marco; Leone, Anna; Bockmann, Ralf; Hddad, Mftah; Abdouli, Hafed; Masoud, Ahmed M.; Elkendi, Nader M.; Hamoud, Hassan M.; Adam, Salah S.; Khatab, Moncif N. (Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2016)
The paper discusses the potential of a collaborative scheme for the development of a protocol for recording and managing the cultural heritage in Libya. The critical political situation in the country urges the development of cultural heritage
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

Moschee rupestri nel Gebel Nafusa occidentale (Libia) - Dell'Aquila, Franco; Fiorentino, Giuseppe (Opera Ipogea, 2014)
Nel corso delle ultime campagne di ricerca nell’areale del Gebel Nefusa occidentale, rese possibili grazie al supporto logistico della Fondazione Wadi Adrar, sono state indagate e censite numerose opere architettoniche, sia costruite in elevato che
Keywords: Architecture – Djebel Nefousa

La moschea rupestre di Tnumayat (Gebel Garbi, Tripolitania, Libia) - Dell'Aquila, Franco; Fiorentino, Giuseppe; Bencini, Claudio (Opera Ipogea, 2011)
Wadi Adrar Foundation and Multidisciplinary Study Group “Berber Civility and Vernacolar Architecure” are performing survey missions since 2006 in the Jebel Gabi in Libya, addressed to study archaeological remnants of the ancient autochthonous civility once populating the tripolitanian mountain, to place artefacts in their historical context and finally to disseminate results. Architectural structures both constructed and digged into the rock were asessed, cave dwellings representing the majority of study cases, and showing a wide spectrum of models depending both on the various usage patterns befitting daily life, and on the geological structure of archaeological sites. Hitherto, Wadi Adrar Foundation and Multidisciplinary Study Group “Berber Civility and Vernacolar Ar chitecure” established cooperation toghether with italian Universities of Pisa and Florence, the Mediterra nean University, and with the Alrefak University of Tripoli, costituting working groups that studied, measu red and modeled several abandoned villages, Qasr, single housings and oil mills, all being both constructed or digged into the rock. In the present work the Rock Cave Mosque in Tnumayat is studied in detail, being situated in al-Khirba (the ruins) in the Kabaw neighbourhood. This individual artifact has been selected for the study as it represents an original example of Rock Cave Mosque showing fine digging technique and finely plaster bas-relief decorated interiors. A long inscription situated in the Dromos entrance trabeation allows both construction dating in 454 a.E.-1062 A.D. and customer Abd al-Malik identification. Interior is divided into three naves and a separate area reserved to women is identifiable
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

Note sul Cristianesimo nel Jebel Nafusa (Libia) - Dell'Aquila, Franco (Quaderni Friulani di Archeologia, 2010)
Remnants of an ancient Christian presence in the Libyan Jebel Nafusa can be found in the oldest Mosques and in their internal inscriptions, as well as in details in their architectural details.
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

البعثات العلمية الميزابية إلى تونس ودورها في تفعيل النهضة الفكرية الجزائرية - رحال, يمينة بن رحال يمينة بن (المجلة التاريخية الجزائرية, 2018)
مع بداية القرن 20م أخذ أبناء الوطن لا سيما الميزابيين منهم يفكرون وبجدية في الهجرة نحو الخارج في ظل حرمانهم داخل وطنهم من كل متطلبات الحياة، لا سيما الثقافية منها، بسبب وجود الاستعمار الفرنسي الذي سخر كل إمكانياته في محاولة منه لطمس هوية الشعب الجزائري، ولم يجد الجزائريون منبعا ينهلون منه مختلف العلوم ويقضون به على الجهل سوى الهجرة نحو البلاد التونسية، حيث كانت الوجهة المفضلة لهم لأسباب عدة فقصدوها إما على شكل أفراد أو جماعات في إطار ما يعرف بالبعثات العلمية الميزابية التي تمكنت من الوصول إلى تونس قبيل الحرب العالمية الأولى، واستمرت إلى غاية الستينات حيث كان لها النجاح الكبير في تكوين الطلبة تكوينا صالحا بما يخدم الوطن.
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Tunisie

Etude spatio-syntaxique des mosquées Ibadites construites au temps des I`azzâben (Azzaba) à Djerba et au Mzab - Ben Younes, Houda (Al-Sabîl, 2019)
Keywords: Architecture – Djerba; Architecture – Mzab

L’architecture des mosquées Ibadites au Mzab et à Djerba : Propriétés syntaxiques et modes de structuration - Ben Younes, Houda (Al-Sabîl, 2018)
Loin d’être « archaïque », comme certains la définissent, l’architecture vernaculaire traduit un savoir-faire qui, outre les connaissances techniques locales, révèle d’autres paramètres fondamentaux dictés par la tradition, qui lui confèrent sa spécificité par rapport à l’architecture contemporaine. Cette recherche s’intéresse au patrimoine religieux construit par les berbères ibadites dans deux régions géographiques différentes à savoir : les cinq villes du Mzab en Algérie et l'île de Djerba en Tunisie. Notre étude est basée sur la méthode de la syntaxe spatiale qui met en évidence la relation fondamentale qui existe entre la configuration d'un espace et son usage. L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est d'identifier la logique spatiale des configurations architecturales d’un échantillon de trente mosquées ibadites de Djerba et du Mzab. A travers ce travail nous essayons d’une part, d’expliquer l’organisation spatiale de la mosquée ibadite dans les deux régions d’étude. D’autre part, nous nous proposons de montrer l’existence de trois modes d’intégration qui structurent la mosquée ibadite dans l’île de Djerba et dans la vallée du Mzab : le çaḥn, le tẓalliṭ et le tẓalliṭ-tzaqqa n tẓalliṭ.
Keywords: Architecture – Djerba

«Lieu saint partagé» ou approprié? La patrimonialisation de la Ghriba de Djerba et de son pèlerinage - Jarrassé, Dominique (Al-Sabîl, 2019)
Keywords: Judaïsme – Djerba

An annotated bibliography of Arabic and Berber in Libya - Benkato, Adam; Pereira, Christophe (Libyan Studies, 2016)
The Libyan varieties of both Arabic and Berber are among the least researched in their respective fields. In order to facilitate the study of these varieties, we present an annotated bibliography of all relevant research that could be identified up until the middle of 2016. With this, we aim to identify both the gaps in current and the possibilities for future research. Studies are grouped into Arabic and Berber sections, and subgrouped according to region. For Arabic, dialects of Tripoli and western regions, Benghazi and eastern regions, Fezzan and southern regions, as well as Jewish dialects, are treated. For Berber, varieties of Zwara, the Nafusa mountains, Sokna and El-Foqaha, and Awjila, and Tuareg are treated. Short introductions highlighting the most important studies precede bibliographic references and brief comments are given when of interest. , ان اللهجات الليبية العربية والامازيغية هي من المواضيع الاقل دراسة وبحثاً في مجالهما. ومن اجل تسهيل دراسة هذه اللهجات، نحن نقدم فهرساً مذيلاً لكل الابحاث المتعلقة بذلك والتي يمكن تحديدها حتى منتصف عام 2016. بهذا، نحن نهفد الى تحديد الفجوات في الدراسة الحالية وبحث امكانية دراسات مستقبلية. جميع الدراسات مصنفة تحت بابي العرب والامازيغ ومن ثم مصنفة حسب المنطقة. بالنسبة للعربية فقد تم تناول لهجات طرابلس والمناطق الغربية، وبنغازي والمناطق الشرقية، وفزان والمناطق الجنوبية، اللهجات اليهودية ايضاً. اما بالنسبة للامازيغية فقد تم دراسة اللهجات من زوارة، وجبل نفوسة، والسوكنة والفقها واوجلة، ولهجة الطوارق . كما ادرجنا مقدمات قصيرة تسلط الضوء على اهم الدراسات تسبق المراجع الببلوغرافية وتعليقات مختصرة كلما دعت الحاجة لذلك .
Keywords: Bibliographie – Libye

An Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblage from the Cabao Formation of NW Libya - Le Loeuff, Jean; Métais, Eddy; Dutheil, Didier B.; Rubino, Jean Loup; Buffetaut, Eric; Lafont, François; Cavin, Lionel; Moreau, Fabrice; Tong, Haiyan; Blanpied, Christian; Sbeta, Ali (Geological Magazine, 2010)
Fossil vertebrates from the Cabao Formation discovered in the area of Nalut in northwestern Libya include the hybodont shark Priohybodus, the crocodilian Sarcosuchus, an abelisaurid, a baryonichine spinosaurid and a large sauropod with spatulate teeth. The Cabao Formation may be Hauterivian to Barremian in age, although an earlier Berriasian to Valanginian age cannot be excluded. Its dinosaur assemblage is reminiscent of that of the El Rhaz and Tiouraren formations of Niger and strongly differs from both the Cenomanian assemblages of Morocco and Egypt and the Late Aptian to Albian fauna of Tunisia. Fossil vertebrates may be an important tool to establish the stratigraphical framework of the poorly dated Early Cretaceous continental deposits of Africa.
Keywords: Géologie – Djebel Nefousa

Biomarker Characteristics of Potential Source Rocks in the Jabal Nafusah Area, Nw Libya: Petroleum Systems Significance - Abohajar, A.; Littke, R.; Schwarzbauer, J.; Weniger, P.; Boote, D. R. D. (Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2015)
Keywords: Géologie – Djebel Nefousa

Reflexes of the proto-Berber glottal stop in Nefusa and Ghadames - Van Putten, Marijn (Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 2015)
Keywords: Linguistique – Djebel Nefousa

Sulaiman al-Baruni Basha in the Gulf and the attempts of return to Libya - Nahed, Abdulkarim (Arab Journal for the Humanities, 2014)
This study investigates how the Italian government dealt with Sulaiman Al Baruni Basha, who was one of the most famous anti-occupation fighters in the Arab region in the modern era. Al Baruni resisted the Italian occupation of Libya and had to leave his country and settle in Oman. He moved between Oman and Iraq, where he sought medical attention. Due to hardships he and his family sustained over a long period of time, he went to the Italian Consulate in Baghdad, seeking permission to go back to his homeland. The correspondences between him and the Italian government in 1932 are diplomatic documents, which the Italian government has declassified just recently. These correspondences consist of 12 letters exchanged between the Italian Consulate in Baghdad, the Foreign Ministry in Rome, and the Ministry of Italian Colonies in East Africa. The researcher translated these letters and analyzed them, reaching the following conclusions: - Al Baruni's resistance had a serious impact on the Italian Occupation to the extent that his return to his homeland was considered a source of apprehension to the Italian government. - The documents demonstrate differences in opinions with regard to this issue. While the Italian Charge d`Affaires in Baghdad did not object to Sulaimans' return to Libya, the Ministry of Colonies was very reserved and suspicious of Al Baruni's intentions and of the impact his return would have on the people of Tripoli and Naffusa Mountain. On the other hand, the Foreign Ministry acted as a mediator between the two entities and wanted to take advantage of Al Barunis' adverse conditions. The Italian government wanted to exploit Al Baruni's condition in order to obtain information from him about Oman, given his position as a consultant to the Sultan of Oman and as a close comrade of the Imam.
Keywords: Bārūnī; Sulaymān al- (1870-1940)

The Latest Research in the Jebel Gharbi (Northern Libya) : Environment and Cultures from MSA to LSA and the First Neolithic Findings - Barich, Barbara E.; Garcea, Elena; Giraudi, Carlo; Lucarini, Giulio; Mutri, Giuseppina (Libya Antiqua, 2010)
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

Libyan-Italian Joint Mission in the Jebel Gharbi (Tripolitania) : the Holocene sequence of the Jifarah plain - Barich, Barbara E.; Lucarini, Giulio; Mutri, Giuseppina (Libya Antiqua, 2015)
Keywords: Archéologie – Djebel Nefousa

Quand on arrive sur Tatouine… Une plongée dans l’imaginaire ibadite de George Lucas. Suivi de Notes historiques sur les sites choisis par George Lucas - Collet, Olivier; Prevost, Virginie (Horizons maghrébins, 2017)
Keywords: Monuments – Djerba; Sidi Jmur; mosquée (El Groo; Djerba)

Le sacré et le fan. Étude sur l’univers science-fictionnel de Star Wars - Vincent, Frédéric (Sociétés, 2011)

Le patrimoine architectural de Djerba en péril: enquête sur la dégradation des mosquées ibadites (2002-2016) - Prevost, Virginie (Horizons maghrébins, 2017)
Keywords: Architecture – Djerba

Patrimoine cultuel bâti de l’île de Djerba (Tunisie), quand l’insularité génère la pluralité - Tobji, Najoua (RM2E - Revue de la Méditerranée édition électronique, 2018)
Keywords: Architecture – Djerba

Un témoin manuscrit de la « Mudawwana d’Abū Ġānim » en berbère - Brugnatelli, Vermondo (Études et Documents Berbères, 2016)
Keywords: Fiqh – Libye – 8e siècle; Linguistique – Djebel Nefousa

النّقد الثّقافي السّلافي: جماليات المثاقفة وتلميحات النّواة الحفيّ - المناصرة, عزالدّين (مجلة فصول, 2017)

Contribution à l’étude d’un mot voyageur : Chleuh - Agrour, Rachid (Cahiers d'études africaines, 2012)
Keywords: Linguistique

L'église orthodoxe en Tunisie - Chaillot, Christine (Le messager orthodoxe, 2012)
Keywords: Christianisme – Djerba

Genetic diseases in the Tunisian population - Romdhane, Lilia; Abdelhak, Sonia (American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2011)
Keywords: Génétique – Djerba