The agrarian economy of Oman (132-280/749-893) in Arabic sources - Ubaydli, Ahmad (Journal of Islamic Studies, 1993)
Conclusion (p. 48): the agrarian system which existed in Oman in the period under consideration (the first Ibāḍī state, 132-280/749-893), together with fishing and pearling and maritime trade, enabled the country to establish a base for economic self-reliance. This was manifested in a tendency to resist central authority. The Aflāj irrigation system in its Omani context made it possible for its users to be more independent and to have more influence over the local authorities. Ibāḍism seems to have reflected these two tendencies well enough for the Omanis to adopt it. Both classical Arabic and Omani sources reflect this situation and, taken together, provide a detailed description which illuminates various aspects of the agrarian economy that existed in Oman during this period.
Keywords: Agriculture – Oman

Soninke-Ibāḍiyya interactions in the western Sudan c. ninth to c. eleventh century - Perinbam, B. Marie (The Maghreb Review, 1989)
This paper investigates cultural interactions between the Soninke of Ghana (or Wagadu kingdom) and the Maghribī Ibāḍiyya in the western Sudan, from about a century before, to approximately a century after the Almoravid confederation in the western Sahara. From the late 8th and early 9th centuries, the Ibāḍiyya, together with other Berberophone populations, moved south into the upper Senegal and Niger river regions, primarily engaging in commercial and missionary activities. They usually stayed in towns or Muslim quarters near urban settlements such as Tahert, Wargla, and Gao, where they came into contact with Soninke traders. The degree to which Soninke-speakers may have been influenced by the Ibāḍī religion is not clear, but available evidence suggests that some pre-Almoravid conversions occurred. However, after the 11th century, the Almoravids effectively removed most traces of the Ibāḍī doctrine (Catalogue African Studies Centre, Leiden).
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

The Saharan frontiers of Tripolitania under Ottoman Turkish rule: observations on the roots of the Aouzou strip dispute - Zimová, N. (Asian and African Studies, 1989)

Esercito italiano e guerra di Libia nelle pagine della Rivista Militare (1907-1916) - Scardigli, Marco (Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 1988)
Keywords: Invasion italienne – Libye

Outside perceptions of the Sanusi - Wright, John (The Maghreb Review, 1988)

Were the Maghribi Ibāḍiyya contributors to West-African food production? An evaluation of the evidence - Perinbam, B. Marie (The Maghreb Review, 1987)
While acknowledging that sub-Saharan Africa was the site of early food production, this paper evaluates the evidence that the production of some North-African Mediterranean and Asian food crops was introduced into West Africa by the little known Ibāḍiyya -the oldest of all Islamic sects- from Maghribian communities, possibly between the 8th and 16th centuries. In answering the question “how” or “by what process” Maghrib foods were diffused across the Sahara, the paper argues for the existence of Ibāḍī diasporas before the 10th century when Trans-Saharan commercial networks first began to be organized, thereby fueling important changes in the desert’s political economy (Catalogue African Studies Centre, Leiden).
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

البحرين وعمان - Wilkinson, John Craven (الوثيقة, 1987)
Keywords: Relations – Oman – Bahrein

The Zanzibar Archives project and its implications for the preservation of records in East and Central Africa - Thurston, Anne (African Research and Documentation, 1986)
Keywords: Zanzibar

al-ʿAlāqāt al-Tijāriyya bayna Tūnis wa’l-Sharq fī ‘l-Qarn al-thāmin ʿashar min khilāl Qaḍiyyat Qirāḍ - Zouari, Ali (Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine, 1983)

Gli ibāḍiti di Pemba - Savioli, Lorenzo (Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 1982)
Personal impressions of the author, who as a medical doctor spent 27 months in Chake, the capital of Pemba, of a small Ibāḍī community he became befriended with. One of his informants was the old sheikh Said Mohammed Mbaruk.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Una rivista italo-araba d’inizio secolo: an-Nādī (Il Convito) - Scarabel, Angelo (Oriente Moderno, 1978)

Oman and ibadi Tribal Monarchic Syndrome - Saleem Khan, M.A. (Islam and the Modern Age, 1974)
Clements 1994, 152: a detailed study of Ibadhism during its medieval and modern history in Oman. Discusses the religious and political codes of Ibadhism and the history of its development in Oman and, in particular, the relationship between the elective Imamate and the interests of the Sultanate as a monarchic institution. Oman is particularly relevant to the study of Ibadhism as it is the only country with an Ibadhi majority; Ibadhism represents a much mellowed and moderate branch of the Kharijis of the first Muslim century. The Kharijis are examined to determine the development of contemporary Ibadhism, and this is followed by an account of its spread into Oman, the development of the Imamate and the struggle for political power between the Imamate and the Al Bu Said dynasty.
Keywords: Ibadisme – Oman

Due precisazioni sul khārigismo sistanico - Scarcia, Gianroberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1965)
Keywords: Kharijisme

La professione di fede di al-Jannāwunī - Rubinacci, Roberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1964)
A study of Jannāwunī’s ʿAqīda from his K. al-Waḍʿ fī ‘l-Furūʿ, with a translation (576-595). A comparison is made with the ʿAqīda of Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Jamīʿ (see Motylinski 1905b).
Keywords: Jannāwunī; Yaḥyā b. al-Khayr; Orientalisme – Italie

Lo scambio di lettere tra Hārūn al-Rashīd e Ḥamza al-Khāriji secondo il "Ta’rīkh-i Sīstān" - Scarcia, Gianroberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1964)
Ḥamza al-Khārijī is: Ḥamza b. ʿAbdl. al-Shārī al-Khārijī, Ḥamza b. Atrak al-Sijistānī, Ḥamza b. Ādrāk (Ādarak).

La puritá rituale secondo gli Ibāḍiti - Rubinacci, Roberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1957)
A study on ritual purity (Ṭahāra) among the Ibāḍiyya, based on the following Ibāḍī sources: K. al-Waḍʿ fī ‘l-Furūʿ of Jannāwunī; Qanāṭir al-Khayrāt of Jayṭālī; Qawāʿid al-Islām of Jayṭālī; K. al-Īḍāḥ of Abū Sākin ʿĀmir al-Shammākhī; commentary on K. al-Īḍāḥ by [Abū Muḥ.] ʿAbdl. b. Saʿīd al-Sidwīkishī; commentary on K. al-Waḍʿ by Muḥ. Abū Sitta al-Qaṣbī (see Qaṣbī al-Nafūsī, Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. ʿUmar b. Abī Sitta); K. al-Nīl of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Yasjanī (see Thamīnī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr.).
Keywords: Jayṭālī; Ismāʿīl b. Mūsà (13..-1350); Orientalisme – Italie

Notes mozabites - Schacht, Joseph (Al-Andalus, 1957)
On Ibāḍī mosques in Ouargla, Mīzāb and at Jerba (with plans and photographs), on Ibāḍī cemeteries in Mīzāb, on style in Ibāḍī architecture, and finally some observations on “modernism and the movement of sheikh Ibr. Bayyūḍ” and on education in Mīzāb.
Keywords: Architecture – Mzab; Ghuraba; mosquée al- (Houmt Souk; Djerba); Jami al-Kabir; mosquée al- (Hachene; Djerba); Monuments – Djerba; Shaykh; mosquée al- (Houmt Souk; Djerba)

Il califfo ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān e gli Ibāḍiti - Rubinacci, Roberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1953)
Pp. 106-121: translation of a letter by ʿAbdl. b. Ibāḍ (2nd Ṭabaqa, 50-100 A.H.) addressed to ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, on the administration of Abū Bakr, ʿUmar and ʿUthmān; from Barrādī: Kitāb al-Jawāhir, Cairo 1302/1884-5, 156-167.
Keywords: Barrādī; Abū ‘l-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-; Orientalisme – Italie

Il "Kitāb al-Jawāhir" di al-Barrādī - Rubinacci, Roberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1952)
A detailed study of Barrādī’s book and a conclusion of its position among the sources for the study of the history of early Islam and the origins of the Ibāḍiyya. Rubinacci mentions in detail Barrādī’s sources and makes i.a. a comparison with Darjīnī’s Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh (103-104).
Keywords: Barrādī; Abū ‘l-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-; Orientalisme – Italie

Desert Borderlands of Oman - Thesiger, Wilfred (The Geographical Journal, 1950)
Keywords: Récits de voyage – Oman

Notizia di alcuni manoscritti ibāḍiti esistenti presso l’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli - Rubinacci, Roberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1949)
The following MSS are mentioned: Qawāʿid by Jayṭālī with glosse by Abū Sitta al-Qaṣbī; K. al-Siyar of Shammākhī; K. al-Jawāhir by Barrādī; Mukhtaṣar K. al-Khiṣāl by Abū Isḥāq Ibr. [b. Qays al-Ḥadramī]; K. al-Waḍʿ fī ‘l-Furūʿ by Jannāwunī; Qanāṭir al-Khayrāt by Jayṭālī; Mukhtaṣar by Muḥ. b. Mulūka al-Tūnisī of the same’s commentary on Durrat al-Bayḍā’ by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (see GAL S I, 778; S II, 706).
Keywords: Barrādī; Abū ‘l-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-; Jayṭālī; Ismāʿīl b. Mūsà (13..-1350)

A Further Journey across the Empty Quarter - Thesiger, Wilfred (The Geographical Journal, 1949)
Keywords: Récits de voyage – Oman

Across the Empty Quarter - Thesiger, Wilfred (The Geographical Journal, 1948)
Keywords: Récits de voyage – Oman

Berber und Ibāḍiten - Strothmann, Rudolph (Der Islam, 1928)
Contents: on the thesis of Berber inclination towards Khārijism (258-262). The Ibāḍī realm in North Africa (263-279): rulers (263-264), territory (264-265), tribes (265-267), attitude to life (267), ideals (267-269), Ibāḍī Berber women (269-272), the state (272-273), the danger of state crisis (273-274), the importance of dogmatics and jurisprudence (274-277), the national language and religious language (277-278), interaction between Ibāḍism and Berberism (278-279). Strothmann quotes mainly from: Masqueray 1878a; Basset 1899; Gautier: L’islamisation de l’Afrique du Nord. Les siècles obscures du Maghreb, Paris: Payot, 1927, which follows Ibn Khaldūn: al-Duwal al-Islāmiyya fī ‘l-Maghrib (ed. de Slane); Shammākhī: Siyar; and sometimes from: Barrādī: Jawāhir; Warjlānī: K. al-Dalīl wa’l-Burhān.
Keywords: Ibadisme – Afrique du Nord

Literatur der Ibāḍiten - Strothmann, Rudolph (Ephémérides orientales, 1927)
Short reviews, with annotations, of: al-Shammākhī: K. al-Siyar; Muḥammad b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish: Wafā’ al-Ḍamāna bi-Adā’ al-Amāna; al-Jannāwunī: K. al-Waḍʿ; ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibrāhīm al-Muṣʿabī: K. al-Nīl; Id: al-Takmīl li baʿḍ mā akhalla bi-hi K. al-Nīl; Muḥammad b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish: Sharḥ K. al-Nīl; al-Warjlānī: K. al-Dalīl; al-Jayṭālī: Qanāṭir al-Khayrāt; ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibrāhīm al-Muṣʿabī: al-Asrār al-Nūrāniyya; Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm Iṭfayyish: al-Naqd al-Jalīl li’l-ʿAtb al-Jamīl; Id.: al-Diʿāya ilá Sabīl al-Mu’minīn.
Keywords: Jayṭālī; Ismāʿīl b. Mūsà (13..-1350); Recension

L’annexion du Mzab - Rouard de Card, E. (Revue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique en France et à l’Étranger, 1897)

Cours de coutumes indigènes. Législation mozabite. Le Nil. Du mariage et de sa dissolution - Zeys, Émile (Revue algérienne, tunisienne et marocaine de législation et de jurisprudence, 1887)
Keywords: Fiqh – Mzab – 19e siècle

Narrative of a Journey into the Interior of Oman, in 1835 - Wellsted, James Raymond (The Geographical Journal, 1837)
Keywords: Récits de voyage – Oman

The Exile of Sayyid Khalid bin Barghash Al-BuSa‘idi - Frankl, P.J.L. (British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2006)
At the end of the nineteenth century Sayyid Khalid bin Barghash AlBuSa‘idi wished to rule his Swahili sultanate not as the puppet of the British but as an independent ruler. By seeking support from Germany, he provoked active opposition from Britain, then the ruling power in Zanzibar. As a result, his reign ended after only three days. This article uses material in the National Archives (Public Record Ofﬁce), Kew, and in the Seychelles National Archives, Victoria, to document the tragedy of Sayyid Khalid’s exile from 1314 AH/AD 1896 when he sought asylum in Dar-es-Salaam, the capital of German East Africa, until 1345 AH/AD 1927 when he died in Mombasa, the capital of the Kenya Protectorate. Destiny decreed that Sayyid Khalid never returned to Zanzibar.

Servants of Sharīʿa: qāḍīs and the politics of accomodation in East Africa - Hashim, Abdulkadir (Sudanic Africa, 2005)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Democratic development in Oman - Jones, Jeremy; Ridout, Nicholas Peter (Middle East Journal, 2005)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1970-2020

رشيد رضا وشكيب أرسلان : الموقف من الدولة العثمانية ومن صيغة الدولة البديلة - كوثراني, وجيه (التسامح, 2004)
Keywords: Réformisme

Madkhal ilà Adab al-Riḥlāt fī ʿUmān. Dirāsa Waṣfiyya li’l-Raḥḥāla al-Brīṭāniyyīn, 1626-1970 - Hajri, Hilal al- (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 2003)
Keywords: Récits de voyage – Oman

al-ʿAlāqāt al-Duwaliyya li-ʿUmān. Shawāhid min al-Māḍī - Hinā’ī, ʿAbd al-Malik al- (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 2003)
Keywords: Politique étrangère – Oman

Les débuts d’une revue néo-salafiste: Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb et al-Fatḥ de 1926 à 1928 - Mayeur-Jaouen, Catherine (Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2002)
Keywords: Réformisme

Giolitti e San Giuliano di fronte alla questione della chiusura dell’impresa di Libia: annessione o protettorato? - Ferraioli, Gian Paolo (Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 2001)
La décision prise par le gouvernement italien, en octobre 1911, de ne pas donner le status de protectorat à la Libye constitua une des principales causes de la transformation de la guerre italo-turque en une guérilla longue et tragique entre les Arabes de Libye et les Italiens. En effet, le choix de Giolitti d'annexer directement la Libye au Royaume d'Italie poussa les Arabes à se joindre aux Turcs pour combattre contre le commun ennemi "chrétien". Pourquoi donc l'Italie rejecta-t-elle la formule du protectorat, si cette formule pouvait prévenir un tel danger? Cet article cherche à répondre à cette question, en analysant surtout la politique clairvoyante du ministre des Affaires étrangères du quatrième gouvernement Giolitti, le marquis Antonino di San Giuliano, qui fut réellement sur le point de mettre fin à la question de Libye avec un protectorat.
Keywords: Invasion italienne – Libye

Tombs and their inscriptions from Nizwā and al-Ḥaymalī, Sultanate of Oman - Ibrahim, Moawiyah (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 2001)
Keywords: Archéologie – Oman

Sorting out the Tribes: The Creation of Racial Identities in Colonial Zanzibar's Newspaper Wars - Glassman, Jonathon (The Journal of African History, 2000)
on the debates and discussions by which Zanzibari intellectuals crafted locally compelling concepts of racial nationalism. These debates occurred in two phases. The first involved promotion of the idea of exlusionary ethnic nationalism. This was accomplished largely by the elite literati, affiliated with the Arab Association and Zanzibar National Party, who immagined a national community defined by class-bound criteria of arabocentric “civilization”. In the second phase, poorly educated propagandists affiliated with the African Association countered with their own vision of exclusionary ethnic nationalism, one that immagined the nation in explicitly racial terms. Most of the article phocuses on the second of these phases, examining debates from the popular newspapers of the 1950s, [especially the racial nationalists of Afrika Kwetu and the elite nationalists of Mwongozi. The latter was edited by Ali Muhsin al-Barwani].
Keywords: Zanzibar

Iḍā’āt min al-Shiʿr al-ʿUmānī - Hajri, Hilal al- (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 1999)
Poetry of: Muḥ. b. ʿAbdl. al-Maʿwalī; Hilāl b. Saʿīd b. ʿArrāba; ʿAlī b. Thābit al-Sāsānī; Saʿīd b. Muḥ. al-Kharūṣī al-Ghishrī; Abū ‘l-Shayba Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbdl. b. Ḥumayyid al-Sālimī; Aḥm. b. Sul. b. al-Naẓar.
Keywords: Poésie – Oman

al-Khiṭāb al-Thaqāfī al-ʿUmānī fī Sharq Ifrīqiyā. Al-Taḥlīl al-Naqdī li-Ṣidām Khiṭābayni wa-Dalālātihi al-Ijtimāʿiyya - Ḥarrāṣī, ʿAbdallāh al- (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 1999)
A (very) theoretical analysis of Sālimī, Abū Muḥ. ʿAbdl. b. Humayyid: Badhl al-Majhūd fī Mukhālafat al-Naṣārà wa’l-Yahūd (see Mashriq). As the author puts it, he tried to show the interaction between language and the social context within which language is used, or, in other words, to show the link of language and rhetorics with the social structure of Omani society at the time al-Sālimī wrote this work.

al-Dawla al-Yaʿrubiyya (1624-1744). Manẓūr Khaldūnī - Hinā’ī, ʿAbd al-Malik al-; Ḥarrāṣī, ʿAbdallāh al- (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 1998)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1624-1742

Le commentaire coranique de Hūd b. Muḥakkam/Muḥkim - Gilliot, Claude (Arabica, 1997)
Pp. 181-182: Hūd’s Tafsīr seems to be a kind of abstract of the Tafsīr of Yaḥyà b. Sallām al-Baṣrī (d. 200/815 in Egypt), who was born in 124/742 in Baṣra and who lived for a period of time in Kairouan. He was accused of being a Murji’ite.
Keywords: Coran – Commentaires – 9e siècle; Hawwārī; Hūd b. Muḥkim al-

Professor Tadeusz Lewicki, January 28, 1906 - November 22, 1992 - Kubiak, Wladyslaw (Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 1997)
Necrology. A list of Lewicki’s works up to 1993 (partly the same as Zajaczkowski, Folia Orientalia, 11, 1969, 7-47) by Wlodzimierz Zajaczkowski and Urszula Lewicka-Rajewska (pp. 11-53). A list of Lewicki’s works prior to 1970 has been published by Zajaczkowski 1969.
Keywords: Lewicki; Tadeusz (1906-1992)

al-Munākh al-ʿIlmī wa’l-Adabī fī Tārīkh Ṣūr - Darwīsh, Aḥmad (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 1996)

al-Shaykh Abū l-Yaqẓān wa-Kitābuhu “Sulaymān al-Bārūnī” - Ḥasanī, Muḥammad al-Hādī al- (Al-Muwāfaqāt, 1996)
Keywords: Abū ‘l-Yaqẓān; Ibrāhim (1888-1973); Bārūnī; Sulaymān al- (1870-1940)

A Zanzibari waqf of books: the library of the Mundhiri family - O’Fahey, R.S.; Vikør, Knut S. (Sudanic Africa, 1996)
Scattered among the Arabic books and MSS section of the Zanzibar Archives are a number of books written by, or which contain ownership of Waqfiyya notices written by, various members of the Mundhirī family. The Mundhiris were cultivated scholars through at least three generations, who not only collected and endowed MSS, but also wrote them. The family was established in the Malindi quarter of Zanzibar city before Sayyid Saʿīd b. Sulṭān finally settled on the island in 1832. ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Mundhirī did most to establish and consolidate the Waqf of books. Although only fragments of his work survive, what we do have gives much information about the intellectual climate in Zanzibar at the end of the 19th century. A list of titles included in the Waqf is included in the article.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Salim b. Zekvan’ın Sîre adlı eserindeki Mürcie ile ilgili kısmın tercümesi - Kutlu, Sönmez (Ankara Üniversitesi Ilâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1994)
[A translation of the part on al-Murji’a in Sālim b. Dhakwān’s work entitled Sīra].

Primitive Islam and architecture in East Africa - Horton, Mark (Muqarna, 1991)
Keywords: Architecture – Zanzibar

Ottoman reaction to the European "scramble for Africa" : the defence of the hinterland of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica - Gall, Michel Le (Asian and African Studies, 1990)
Keywords: Djebel Nefousa – 1551-1911

Le manuscrit no. 277 de l’ancienne collection ibāḍite du feu Zygmunt Smogorzewski de Lwów - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1990)
Contains K. al-Siyar of Abū ‘l-Rabīʿ Sul. b. ʿAbd al-Salām al-Wisyānī (pp. 1-189), Anonymous: Siyar al-Mashāyikh (pp. 190-344), and no title and no author, but must be a copy of the second part of K. Al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma of Abū Zak. Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr al-Warjlānī (pp. 345-416).
Keywords: Manuscrits – Lviv

Les noms propres berbères employés chez les Nafūsa médiévaux (VIIIe-XVIe siècle). (Observations d’un arabisant). Quatrième partie - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1990)
Keywords: Linguistique – Djebel Nefousa

Per una storia della stampa in Algeria: da "L’Estafette d’Alger" (1830) ai giornali della Repubblica Algerina Popolare e Democratica (1989) - Manduchi, Patrizia (Oriente Moderno, 1990)
Keywords: Journalisme – Mzab

The Ottoman Government and the Sanusiyya: A Reappraisal - Gall, Michel Le (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1989)
The historiography of the Sanusiyya, if one can apply such a term to the literary crop of roughly a century dealing with this North African tarīqa (pl. turuq, Sufi brotherhood), falls into three distinct categories. The earliest writings appeared in the 1880s, thirty years after the tariqa had taken root in Cyrenaica (then the Ottoman province of Benghazi). The works of French authors such as Charmes, Rinn, Duveyrier, Le Chatelier, and co-authors Depont and Coppolani were all marked by the concerns of the French colonial and protectorate authorities in Algeria and Tunisia. According to Duveyrier, a Saharan explorer of repute and the crudest exponent of this group's views, not only were the Sanusis a band of fanatics given to murdering innocent missionaries and explorers, but they were also in the vanguard of the turuq inspired by the Pan-Islamic rhetoric of the Ottoman sultan and aligned against French colonialism in Muslim North Africa. Only this combination of factors could account for the pervasive and determined resistance to French policies in the region. Along with the Sanusiyya, Duveyrier singled out for attack a North African sheikh and confidant of the Ottoman sultan, Muhammad Zafir al-Madani. Charmes, Rinn, Le Chatelier, and Depont and Coppolani, while less vitriolic in their tone, certainly had the same general approach. The analysis of this “Algerian school” was dismissed at the turn of the century by two eminent Orientalists, Christiaan Snouck Hugronje and Carl Heinrich Becker. A generation later, European fears of the turuq diminished in the wake of World War I, as new ideologies and forces came to dominate a transformed Pan-Islamism. This notwithstanding, some of the suppositions of the early French authors were adopted by later scholars and have since been quoted and requoted.
Keywords: Tripoli – 1551-1911

Les noms propres berbères employés chez les Nafūsa médiévaux (VIIIe-XVIe siècle). (Observations d’un arabisant). Troisième partie - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1989)
Keywords: Linguistique – Djebel Nefousa

الرحالة البرتغاليون في الخليج العربي خلال القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر - الحمداني, طارق نافع (الوثيقة, 1989)
Portuguese, Turkish, British and Arab published sources are treated, as well as source-material and foreign and Arab studies. The Omani sources have almost neglected the events of the Portuguese invasion of the Arab Gulf altogether. Possible reasons for this are given by Ghannām 1979 (here pp. 205-204). Ḥamadānī, Ṭāriq Nāfiʿ al-: Dirāsa fī ‘l-Wathā’iq wa’l-Maṣādir al-manshūra ʿan il-Ghazw wa’l-Sayṭara al-Burtughāliyya fī ‘l-Khalīj al-ʿArabī. Al-Wathīqa (Bahrain), 6th year nr. 12 (Jum. I 1408/Jan. 1988), 80-103.
Keywords: Relations – Oman – Portugal

Les sources ibāḍites de l’histoire médiévale de l’Afrique du Nord - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Africana Bulletin, 1988)
Lewicki mentions the following works, with references to translations of them and articles related to them: - The chronicle of Ibn al-Ṣaghīr of which we find extracts in Abū ‘l-Faḍl Abū ‘l-Qāsim al-Barrādī and in Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥm. al-Shammākhī; - Kitāb al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma by Abū Zakariyyā’ Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr al-Warjlānī; - Kitāb al-Siyar by Abū ‘l-Rabīʿ Sul. b. ʿAbd al-Salām al-Wisyānī; - Siyar al-Mashāyikh by an anonymous author; - Dhikr Asmā’ baʿḍ Shuyūkh al-Wahbiyya, an appendix to Shammākhī’s Kitāb al-Siyar; - Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Saʿīd al-Darjīnī: Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh; - Abū ‘l-Faḍl Abū ‘l-Qāsim al-Barrādī al-Dammarī: Kitāb al-Jawāhir al-Muntaqāt; - Tasmiyat Mashāhid al-Jabal by an anonymous author, in Shammākhī’s Siyar; - Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-Shammākhī: Kitāb al-Siyar; - Ibn Salām b. ʿUmar (see Schwarz 1986, apparently not yet known to Lewicki); - Motylinski 1908b.
Keywords: Prosopographie – Afrique du Nord

Les communautés ibāḍites au Maghreb: réflexions sur leur rapport au pouvoir, à la sexualité et à la mort - Gouja, Moncef (Peuples Méditerranéens, 1986)
Keywords: Moeurs et coutumes – Ibadisme

Muslim Responses to French Imperialism: An Algerian Saharan Case Study - Holsinger, Donald C. (The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1986)
The political events that preceded French occupation of Mīzāb, based mainly on French archivial materials. The awkward position of the Mīzābīs between French superior military power, which could easily destroy their trading activities in the North if they would not submit to French demands, and the threat of attaques on them by rebels in the South and their nomadic supporters if they would openly submit to the French and support them. This dilemma led to fierce internal strife in Mīzāb.
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Algérie

L’eau de vendredi. Droits d’eau et hiérarchie sociale en Sharqiya (Sultanat d’Oman) - Le Cour Grandmaison, Colette (Études rurales, 1984)
Keywords: Agriculture – Oman

Réponse de Richard Bulliet [à Gianfranco Fiaccadori] - Bulliet, Richard W. (Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 1983)
sur la question du donatisme
Keywords: Donatisme

Kharidjites et donatistes - Fiaccadori, Gianfranco (Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 1983)
Keywords: Donatisme

Taxation des corporations professionnelles d’Alger à l’époque turque - Hoexter, Miriam (Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 1983)
The permanent Muslim population of Algiers and the Jewish community, as well as the Barrāniyya (people from outside the city) are mentioned. The Barrāniyya were organized in six corporations: people from Mīzāb, Biskra, Djidjilī, Laghouat, the tribe of Mzīṭa, and the liberated blacks. Sources for this study have been: books of travellers and foreign consuls residing in Algiers in the period in question (end 17th century-1830), registers of the Turkish government of Algiers, including the Tachrifāt, and documents and official publications of the first years of the French occupation.
Keywords: Commerce – Mzab

العلاقات الأقتصادية والثقافية ببن الدولة الرستمية وبلدان جتوب الصحراء الكبرى وائرها في نشر الإسلام هناك - الحرير, ادريس صالح (مجلة البحوث التاريخية, 1983)
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

Omani relations with East Africa before the arrival of the Portuguese - Kirkman, James S. (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 1982)
Keywords: Relations – Oman – Afrique de l'Est

Personal names in the regional areas of the Sultanate of Oman. Materials for the study of Arabic anthroponymy - Oman, Giovanni (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1982)
This is the third study on the Arabic anthroponomy of the Sultanate of Oman. It concerns the personal names of the telephone subscribers of 17 regional areas which form the third part of the telephone directory of the Sultanate, taken as a basis for the research. The first study dealt with the personal names of the Southern Region (Personal names in the Southern Region (Ẓufār) of the Sultanate of Oman. Oriente Moderno (Rome), vol. 60 (1980), 181-195), while the second included the names of the so called Capital Area (Cahiers d’Onomastique Arabe. Paris: CNRS, 1981). On pp. 529-530 a list of regions with the particular religious beliefs of the tribes, as far as information was available.
Keywords: Dhofar

Migration, Commerce and Community: the Mīzābīs in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Algeria - Holsinger, Donald C. (The Journal of African History, 1980)
The Mīzāb is an Ibādī community consisting of seven cities clustered in an arid rocky region 350 miles south of Algiers. Having established these settlements nearly a millennium ago, the Mīzābīs, as the inhabitants came to be known, struggled against formidable environmental odds and managed not only to survive but to prosper. By the sixteenth century the Mīzāb had become an important northern Saharan market. During the following centuries, the Maghrib witnessed a remarkable movement of Mīzābī men to coastal cities where they attained prominence in a variety of professions while leaving their roots firmly implanted within their distant oasis community. Following a brief historical background to settlement in the Mīzāb, this article sketches the ecological constraints of an urban community in a region virtually devoid of resources. It then traces the history of the commercial dispersion to the North during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the probable causes of emigration. The Mīzābīs were forced by environmental constraints to seek outside sources of support. Their rise to prominence in the Regency of Algiers may have been related to declining Saharan commerce and new commercial opportunities in the North. The organization and function of Mīzābī corporations in Algiers and other northern cities are described. Finally, this article relates an Ibāçī reform ethic to Mīzābī commercial success and concludes with some reflections on religious ideology and environmental demands as contributing factors to the long-term Mīzābī role in commerce.
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Algérie

Trade routes of the Algerian Sahara in the nineteenth century - Holsinger, Donald C. (Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 1980)
A study of the impact of French imperialism on northern Saharan trade. Mīzāb’s important role in this trade
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Algérie

Iʿtiqādāt al-Muʿtazila wa’l-Qadariyya wa’l-Ṣifatiyya wa’l-Ḥashawiyya wa-Firaqihā min K. al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān, Ta’līf Abī Saʿīd Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Azdī al-Qalhātī - Ibn ʿAbd al-Jalīl, Muḥammad (Ḥawliyyāt al-Jāmiʿa al-Tūnisiyya, 1980)
Chapters 25, 37-43 from K. al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān. based on MS Or. 2606 in the British Museum and on a MS in Makt. al-Quṭb. Chapters 26-36, that treat non-islamic “sects”, are left out; chapters 44-50, on the remaining islamic sects, will hopefully be published soon.

Politics and religion in ʿUmān: a historical overview - Kaylani, Nabil M. (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1979)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman

Les origines et l’islamisation de la ville de Tādmakka d’après les sources arabes - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, 1979)
the town of Tādmakka was an important Berber market lying on the southern edge of the Sahara in the area of the Adrar of Hoghas. The vast ruins of this town called El Souq are still visible. Tādmakka maintained relations at a great distance. According to al-Bakrī (1068), the caravan routes linked it with the towns of Qayrawān and Tripoli on the one hand and with the great political and trade centres of the western Sudan, Kawkaw (Goa) and Ghāna (Kumbi Saleh), on the other. Tādmakka was already flourishing in the 9th century. It was there that was born about 884, Abū Yazīd Makhlad b. Kaydād, the famous “man with an ass”, who was the son of a Berber merchant from Bilād al-Jarīd and belonging to a branch of the Zanāta. The Ibāḍī sources note also the presence of other Berber-Ibāḍī merchants from Zanāta, sometimes very rich. According to Ibn Ḥawqal (973-975) the inhabitants of the kingdom of Tādmakka called Banū Tānmak (Tādmak) belonged to a branch of the Ṣanhāja and were of black origin crossed with whites. On the contrary, the inhabitants of the capital of the kingdom, whom Yāqūt calls Zakrām (Akrām, for Aghram: castle) were of Zanāta origin. They were mostly Ibāḍī merchants from Djerid and other Ibāḍī districts of North Africa. As for the Ṣanhājan inhabitants of the Tādmakka kingdom, they long remained pagans and only became Moslem in the year 1109-1110, after the islamization of the town of Ghāna.
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

Hâricîliğin doğuşu ve fırkalara ayrılışı - Fiğlali, Ethem Ruhi (Ankara Üniversitesi Ilâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1978)
[The arising of Khārijism and its break-up into sects].
Keywords: Kharijisme

The significance of the slogan Lā Ḥukma illā li’llāh and the references to the Ḥudūd in the Traditions about the Fitna and the murder of ʿUthmān - Hawting, Gerald R. (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1978)
Keywords: Fitnah

Ibâdiye’nin siyâsî ve itikâdî görüşleri - Fiğlali, Ethem Ruhi (Ankara Üniversitesi Ilâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1976)
[The political and religious ideas of al-Ibāḍiyya].

Hadramaut, Oman, Dhufar: the experience of revolution - Kelly, J.B. (Middle Eastern Studies, 1976)
Keywords: Dhofar

Les noms propres berbères employés chez les Nafūsa médiévaux (VIIIe-XVIe siècle). (Observations d’un arabisant). Deuxième partie - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1974)
Keywords: Linguistique – Djebel Nefousa

Les noms propres berbères employés chez les Nafūsa médiévaux (VIIIe-XVIe siècle). (Observations d’un arabisant). Première partie - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1973)

The Ibāḍites in Arabia and Africa - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Cahiers d'Histoire Mondiale, 1971)
The Ibāḍī community at Basra in the seventh to ninth centuries and the origins of the Ibāḍī states in Arabia and Africa. The Ibāḍīs in North Africa and the Sudan to the fourteenth century. On p. 81 a map of the Ibādī realm in North Africa in the Middle Ages. P. 99 note 77: the Ibāḍī collection of Smogorzewski in Lwów is now in Cracow. See Būʿaṣbāna 1991.

Un État soudanais médiéval inconnu: le royaume de Zāfūn(u) - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Cahiers d'études africaines, 1971)
The kingdom of Zāfūn was probably situated in the southern Sahel, between the Senegal river and the ruins of Koumbi Saleh. It became independent in 1076 A.D., after the Almoravids had conquered Ghana. Its flourishing started in the second quarter of the 12th century, when the king succeeded in dominating several nomadic Berbers in the western Sahara, who were part of the confederation of the Almoravids. In this period an important commercial route between western Sudan and the western Maghrib was realised. In 1150 the domination of the king of Zāfūn over the petty black states of the western Sudan ceased and the kings of Ghana overpowered Zāfūn again (Catalogue African Studies Centre in Leiden).

Les origines de l’Islam dans les tribus berbères du Sahara occidental: Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr et ʿUbayd Allāh ibn al-Ḥabḥāb - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Studia Islamica, 1970)

Un royaume ibāḍite peu connu: l’État des Banū Masāla (IXe s.) - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 1968)

Ibâdilere ait bazı metinler - Kutluay, Yaşar (Ankara Üniversitesi Ilâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1967)
[Some Ibāḍi texts]. On Qalhātī, Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Saʿīd: K. al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān fī Sharḥ Iftirāq al-Firaq wa’l-Adyān, of which vols. 2 and 3 (in one binding) are in the library of the British Museum (Or. 2606; Rieu 1894, 121-124); Kutluay says (p. 148) that he intends to publish at the first available opportunity the last part of the section on the history of the Madhāhib, with a Turkish translation. Furthermore, Kutluay mentions, with short observations: Ibn al Naẓar’s Dīwān (British Museum, Or. 2434, 73 ff.; Rieu, 209); Ḥaḍramī, Abū Isḥāq Ibr. b. Qays’s K. mā lā yasaʿu Jahluhu (British Museum, Or. 3744, 117 ff; Rieu, 762); a titleless work by Darwīsh b. Jumʿa al-Maḥrūqī of which only 19 chapters of the total of 87 are present (British Museum, Or. 2085, 70 ff.); a Sharḥ on the Dīwān of Ibn al-Naẓar, of which the author is not clear and of which the first volume is missing (British Museum, Or. 2915, 193 ff.). Of the first two works Kutluay mentions the contents.

Sur le nom de Dieu chez les Berbères médiévaux - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1966)
The old-Berber name for God, equivalent of Allāh, was Yākush/Yākūsh or Yūsh. It is not known whether this was a pre-islamic name that was later identified with Allāh, or a new term created for the idea of the One and Unique God. References are being made to i.a. Lewicki 1934a, Marcy 1936 and Motylinski 1905a.

Survivances chez les Berbères médiévaux d’ère musulmane de cultes anciens et de croyances païennes - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1966)
On the last pagans among the Berbers in the period of the 8th-11th century A.D., the cult of rocks, stones and water, the belief in protective ghosts and in mythical demons, the cult of footprints and trails of blood, and on magical admonitions and prohibitions. The main sources for this study are Ibn Sallām through Shammākhī: K. al-Siyar, Basset 1899 (which is based on Shammākhī, o.c., 598-600), and Masqueray 1878a (Warjlānī, Abū Zak. Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr: K. al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma).

Prophètes, devins et magiciens chez les Berbères médiévaux - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1965)

Traits d’histoire du commerce transsaharien: Marchands et missionnaires ibāḍites en Soudan occidental et central au cours des VIIIe-XIIe siècles - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Etnografia, 1964)
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

Ibaditica I. Tasmiya shuyūkh Nafūsa - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 1961)
Based on Anonymous: Dhikr Asmā’ baʿḍ Shuyūkh al-Wahbiyya, in appendix to Shammākhī: Siyar (pp. 588-598), complemented with other sources, notably Darjīnī: Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh, Shammākhī: Siyar, Masqueray 1878a, and other Siyar books. First Lewicki treats a short list of authors mentioned at the end of Dhikr Asmā’ baʿḍ Shuyūkh al-Wahbiyya (pp. 89-94), then he edits and comments on the text of Tasmiyat Shuyūkh Nafūsa, which constitutes the first part of Dhikr Asmā’ and which contains a list of more than 90 personalities of the tribe Nafūsa (pp. 94-120).
Keywords: Linguistique – Djebel Nefousa

Quelques extraits inédits relatifs aux voyages des commerçants et des missionaires ibāḍites nord-africains au pays du Soudan occidental et central au Moyen Âge - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1960)
Extracts with detailed annotations from: - Abū Zakariyyā’ Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr al-Warjlānī: Kitāb al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma (4-7); - Abū ‘l-Rabīʿ Sul. b. ʿAbd al-Sallām al-Wisyānī: Kitāb al-Siyar (10-17); - Anonymous: Siyar al-Mashāyikh (18-27). On pp. 2-4, 7-10, 17-18 detailed information on the authors and on the MSS (from the Smogorzewski collection, in 1960 in Cracow).
Keywords: Commerce transsaharien

Les Ibāḍites dans l’Arabie du Sud au moyen-âge - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1959)
Based mainly on Sunnī sources. Furthermore, i.a., on: - Shammākhī: Siyar; - Darjīnī: K. Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh; al-Siyar al-ʿUmāniyya; - ʿAbdl. b. Ḥumayyid al-Sālimī: al-Lumʿa al-Murḍiya; - Masqueray 1878a, Chronique d’Abou Zakaria; - Abū Isḥāq Ibr. b. Qays al-Ḥaḍramī: Dīwān al-Sayf al-Naqqād.
Keywords: Ibadisme – Yemen

Un document ibāḍite inédit sur l’émigration des Nafūsa du Jabal dans le Sāḥil tunisien au VIIIe/IXe siècle - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Folia Orientalia, 1959)
Keywords: Emigration – Djebel Nefousa – Tunisie

The rise of Khārijism according to Abū Saʿīd Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Azdī al-Qalhātī - Kafafi, Muḥammad (Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts, 1952)
A short description of contents and abbreviated translation of the section that deals with the Khawārij from al-Qalhātī: al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān (MS in the British Museum, Or. 2606; see for a description Rieu 1894, 121-124). Wilkinson 1976a, 143: ... Thus one soon learns that Abū Saʿīd is inevitably Abū Saʿīd Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Kudamī and so could never be confused with Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Qalhātī, as the British Museum cataloguer (Sup. Cat. of Arab MSS, 1894, 121-124) has done.
Keywords: Kharijisme

Une langue romane oubliée de l’Afrique du Nord. Observations d’un arabisant - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 1952)
Keywords: Monuments – Djerba; Sidi Jmur; mosquée (El Groo; Djerba)

Ibād’ite ou Abād’ite? - Jean, Henri (Bulletin des études arabes, 1942)
Conclusion: according to lexicons and dictionaries the pronunciation is “Ibāḍiyya”. In the spoken language the custom was “Abāḍiyya”. Under the influence of the printed texts, there is a tendency towards “Ibāḍiyya” in the spoken language. See also Bulletin des Études Arabes, nr. 5 (Nov.-Dec. 1941), p. 146. O.c. 1943, p. 19: Dalet, from Algiers, says that in al-Kāmil of al-Mubarrad (ed. Wright, Leipzig 1864) five times ʿAbdl. b. Ibāḍ al-Murrī can be found (pp. 604, 1-9; 615, 1-3, 10-11; 618, 1,11).
Keywords: Linguistique

Ẓufār in the Middle Ages - Guest, R. (Islamic Culture, 1935)
Keywords: Dhofar

Une chronique Ibāḍite “Kitāb as Siyar” d’Abū ‘l-Abbās Aḥmad ash-Shammākhi, avec quelques remarques sur l’origine et l’histoire de la famille des Shammākhis - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Revue des Études Islamiques, 1934)
Keywords: Prosopographie – Afrique du Nord

S.p. Zygmunt Smogorzewski - Lewicki, Tadeusz (Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 1933)
Keywords: Smogorzewski; Zygmunt (1884-1931)

De la tutelle et des absents en droit mozabite - Hureaux, F. (Revue algérienne, tunisienne et marocaine de législation et de jurisprudence, 1927)
Translation of parts of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Thamīnī’s K. al-Nīl: Book 9, chapter 4, section 1, section 2; Book 16, chapter 23, section 1, section 2; chapter 24, section 1, section 2; chapter 25.
Keywords: Fiqh – traité – 18e siècle

Les Sofs chez les Abadhites et notamment chez les Beni Mzab - Huguet, Jacques (L’Anthropologie, 1910)
Keywords: Moeurs et coutumes – Mzab

Il diritto ereditario musulmano secondo la dottrina degli arabi ibāḍiti di Zanzibar e dell’Africa orientale - Guidi, Ignazio (Rivista Coloniale, 1906)
A translation of Sachau 1894 (his translation from Basyāwī’s al-Mukhtaṣar). Il diritto ereditario musulmano secondo la dottrina degli arabi ibāḍiti di Zanzibar e l’Africa Orientale. Rome: Istituto Coloniale Italiano, 1906, (59 pp.).
Keywords: Fiqh; Zanzibar

Origines et migrations des tribus berbères et particulièrement des Beni-Mzab - Huguet, Jacques (Revue de l’École d’Anthropologie de Paris, 1906)

Recherches sur les habitants du Mzab - Huguet, Jacques (Revue de l’École d’Anthropologie de Paris, 1906)

Les villes mortes du Mzab - Huguet, Jacques (Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 1903)

Sur le Kitab n Nil - Huguet, Jacques (Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 1902)

The Ṣuḥār Paradox: Social and Political Mobilisations in the Sultanate of Oman since 2011 - Valeri, Marc (Chroniques yéménites, 2015)
Les mouvements de revendication politique et sociale qui ont agité le sultanat d’Oman en 2011 et 2012 sont les plus importants que le pays ait connus depuis la fin de la guerre du Dhofar dans les années 1970. Le fait que les manifestations les plus sérieuses soient survenues dans la ville de Ṣuḥār, au riche passé commercial, semble paradoxal. Laissée-pour-compte de la modernisation centralisatrice mise en œuvre par l’État après 1970, la ville avait vu l’implantation du port industriel à la fin des années 1990, qui se voulait la vitrine internationale de la diversification économique du pays, comme une aubaine. Cet article replace les manifestations qui se sont déroulées à Ṣuḥār dans la perspective de la transformation fulgurante, en l’espace de quelques années, de cette petite ville de province en capitale industrielle du pays. Plus largement l’étude du cas de Ṣuḥār permet de se pencher sur les racines socio-économiques du « printemps omanais » de 2011, ainsi que sur les réponses apportées par le régime à un mouvement populaire qu’il n’avait pas anticipé et porteur de conséquences majeures à long terme pour la légitimité du régime.
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1970-2020

L’énigme du Maydān : présentation d’un genre poétique omanais - Audebert, Claude; Bakhouch, Mohamed (Chroniques yéménites, 2015)
Keywords: Littérature – Oman

Chronologie des événements en Oman en 2006 - Valeri, Marc (Chroniques yéménites, 2007)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1970-2020

Something Stirring under the Still Waters of Oman: Tightening the Grip or Revitalizing the Monarchy? - Valeri, Marc (Chroniques yéménites, 2007)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1970-2020

Les cités-États swahili et la puissance omanaise (1650-1720) - Vernet, Thomas (Journal des africanistes, 2002)
Based mainly on documentation from Lisbon archival centres. Abstract: between 1650 and 1698, some Swahili cities or factions saw the emerging Omani power as an ally to back their struggle against Portuguese imperialism; Oman was a trading partner in full expansion and, at the time, a source of political support. However, after 1698, when the Swahili Coast had come under Omani control, a strong resentment spread against the new occupying force which was accused, as were the Portuguese, of threatening the political and economic independence of the Swahili city-states.
Keywords: Relations – Oman – Afrique de l'Est

Note di teologia ibāḍita - Moreno, Mario (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1949)
Based on ʿAbdl. b. Ḥumayyid al-Sālimī: Bahjat al-Anwār: Sharḥ Anwār al-ʿUqūl fī ‘l-Tawḥīd. In the margin of the first volume of his K. Ṭalʿat al-Shams ʿalà ‘l-Alfiyya, Cairo n.d. Comparisons are being made with: Ism. b. Mūsà al-Jayṭālī’s Qanāṭir al-Khayrāt; Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf b. Ibr. al-Warjlānī’s K. al-Dalīl li-Ahl al-ʿUqūl; ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Muṣʿabī’s Sharḥ ʿalà ‘l-Qaṣīda al-Nūniyya al-musammāt bi’l-Nūr. Moreno researches the similarity of the Ibāḍī theological doctrines in the East and in the West, making also comparisons with the Muʿtazilites.
Keywords: Jayṭālī; Ismāʿīl b. Mūsà (13..-1350); Orientalisme – Italie

Les Algériens à Tunis - Marty, Germaine (Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 1948)
An evaluation of 1939 put the number of Algerians living in Tunis at 13.000: 3.800 from the region of Constantine, 1350 from Algiers, 500 from Oran, 2300 Swāfa (people from the Oued Souf), 2000 from Ouargla, 2100 from Twāt, 765 Mīzābīs. In 1947 these figures were: 12.000, 7000 (incl. Kabyle Berbers), 15 or 20 completely assimilated families, 10.000, 6000, 7000-8000, 700-800. Pp. 328-334 on the Mīzābīs.
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Tunisie

The role of the Azdite Muhallabid family in Marw’s anti-Umayyad power struggle. An historical re-evaluation - Herbert, Mason (Arabica, 1967)

Muslim politics and resistance to colonial rule. Shaykh Uways b. Muḥammad al-Barāwī and the Qādiriyya brotherhood in East Africa - Martin, Bradford G. (The Journal of African History, 1969)
In East Africa there had been signs of the Ibāḍī movement seeking common grounds with other Islamic resistance to colonial rule, notably with the Qādiriyya (Wilkinson 1987b, 245).
Keywords: Zanzibar

‏الذاكرة العائلية وواقع مجموعات مستاوى في جزيرة جربة خلال القرنين 18 و 19م - المريمي, محمد (Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 2002)
Based mainly on some 16 documents of the Āl al-Saṭūrī, provided by Saʿīd al-Sāṭūrī, of which the oldest goes back to 1220/1805-6 and the latest to the twentieth century, and on oral information. Also on documents related to Jerba in the Tunisian National Archives. This article studies the family memory of the Āl al-Sāṭūrī, with regard to the historical memory of the Mistāwa community of Jerba. Many Mistāwa families have forgotten that they belonged, until fairly recently, to al-Ibāḍiyya, while scholars of al-Ibāḍiyya al-Wahbiyya state that there was no difference between al-Wahbiyya and Mistāwa (or Nukkār; two groups at Jerba, the Mistāwa are followers of ʿAbdl. b. Yazīd al-Fazārī al-Baṣrī, and the others followers of Khalaf b. Samaḥ); both were Ibāḍis (Ibn Yaʿqūb, Sālim and Qāsim Qūja 1985). The Saṭūrī family, as did many other Mistāwa families, climbed up the social ladder by becoming Mālikīs.
Keywords: Djerba – Empire ottoman; Nukkarisme

Religious discourse in the poetry of Abū Muslim al-Bahlānī - Maḥrūqī, Muḥammad al- (Journal of African Cultural Studies, 2001)
This article presents themes and techniques of the religious discourse of Abū Muslim al-Bahlānī. Al-Bahlānī was an Omani poet, born in Oman in 1860 who spent most of his life in Zanzibar where he died in 1920. His poetry is a good example of a strong link between art and politics. While the themes are centred around criticizing society and aiming to instigate revolution against people who do not follow Islamic laws, the techniques create harmony in the structure of this discourse. The author argues that this poetry is based on Ibāḍī sulūk, which itself can be considered as an extension of the Kharijite trend. Although, sulūk is linked with zuhd as a way of giving less value to this life, sulūk has some other implications which do not exist with zuhd. Hence, sulūk is not only a way of worshipping God, it is also a set of ideas which aim to change society and establish an Ibāḍī imamate. This attitude can be found with some sulūk leaders such as Jā'id al-Kharūṣī and Sa'īd al-Khalīlī.
Keywords: Poésie – Oman

Quelques documents sur la corporation des Mozabites d’Alger dans les premiers temps de la conquête (1830-1838) - Lespès, René (Revue Africaine, 1925)
A critical study with reference to a letter of Mīzābīs in Algiers to the commander of the French occupying forces intended to keep the priviliges they had acquired under the Turks.
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Algérie

The physical geography of South-Eastern Arabia - Lees, G.M. (The Geographical Journal, 1928)

La révolte d’Abū Yazīd au Xe siècle - Le Tourneau, Roger (Cahiers de Tunisie, 1953)
A new treatment of this event, narrated in Masqueray 1878a and Darjīnī: Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh, on the basis of several (non-Ibāḍī) sources.
Keywords: Ibn Kaydad

The Arabs in Zanzibar: from Sultanate to People’s Republic - Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. (Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, 1986)
Keywords: Zanzibar

The Azāriqa in Islamic heresiography - Lewinstein, Keith (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1991)
Keywords: Azraqisme

Making and unmaking a sect: the heresiographers and the Ṣufriyya - Lewinstein, Keith (Studia Islamica, 1992)
Given the later importance of these Ṣufrite groups as Ibāḍī rivals, the heresiographers had to account for their origins and offer a doctrinal rationale for their existence. It was in this context that Ibn al-Aṣfar and the satellite sects were born (o.c., 96).
Keywords: Hérésiographie – Sufrisme

Personal memories, revolutionary states and Indian Ocean migrations - Limbert, Mandana E. (MIT Electronical Journal of Middle East Studies, 2005)

Muslim-Christian encounters in late nineteenth-century Zanzibar - Hoffman, Valerie J. (MIT Electronical Journal of Middle East Studies, 2005)
On Bishop Edward Steere in Zanzibar (1864-1882) and a treatment of al-Mundhirī’s refutation of al-Kindī’s treatise.
Keywords: Zanzibar

The other “Andalus”. The Omani elite in Zanzibar and the making of an identity, 1880s-1930s - Ghazal, Amal N. (MIT Electronical Journal of Middle East Studies, 2005)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Note sur Zanzibar et la côte orientale d’Afrique - Germain, Adrien (Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, 1868)
Keywords: Zanzibar

Quelques mots sur l’Oman et le sultan de Maskate - Germain, Adrien (Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, 1868)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1866-1868

Review: Enver Pascha: (1918) Um Tripolis. München: Hugo Bruckman Verlag, 1918, (101,1pp.; 22,5x15 cm., paper) - Wright, John (The Maghreb Review, 1987)
Keywords: Recension

Entre foi et compromis tribal : L’entrée de la région d’Oman dans l’islam - Moez, Dridi (Chroniques yéménites, 2007)

As’ila ḥawla Ḥukm al-Nabāhina fī ʿUmān - Būḥajjām, Muḥammad b. Qāsim Nāṣir (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 2004)

Les travaux de T. Lewicki concernant le Maghrib et en particulier les Ibāḍites - Canard, Marius (Revue Africaine, 1959)
Keywords: Recension

Guma isyanı öncesinde Fransa’nın Trablusgarb siyaseti - Çaycı, Abdurrahman (Belleten, 1982)
[France’s Tripolitania policy before the rebellion of Ghūma]

Moufdi Zakaria, nationaliste algérien et chantre du Maghreb arabe - Collot, Claude (Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 1978)
Keywords: Biographies – Mzab – 20e siècle

La réaction kharidjite et la naissance des royaumes indépendants du Maghreb (IIe-IIIe H./VIIe-IXe J.C.) - Chaouech, Salaheddin (Revue de la Faculté des Lettres de Tetouan, 2001)
Keywords: Kharijisme

Le comportement économique des musulmans. Une exception: les Mozabites - Chabert, Alexandre (Revue d’Histoire Économique et Sociale, 1961)
A survey of Mīzābī commercial activity in Mīzāb and, especially, outside Mīzāb, with official statistical data
Keywords: Commerce – Mzab

Maurice Bouviolle, peintre-écrivain du M’zab, Beauvais, 1893-Marseille, 1971 - Cazenave, Élisabeth (Le Saharien, 2005)
Keywords: Biographies – France

Découverte à Tihert-Tagdempt d’un “Dénéral” d’époque fatimide - Cadenat, Paul (Revue Africaine, 1959)
Keywords: Numismatique – Tahert

Remarques sur le recueil ibadite-wahbite Siyar al-masa’ih : retour sur son attribution - Amara, Allaoua (Al-Andalus Magreb, 2008)
Keywords: Prosopographie – Afrique du Nord

Içimizdeki öteki: tefsirde Hâricî (Ibâdî) algılamasına dair genel bir değerlendirme - Albayrak, Ismail (Usûl, 2005)
Internal outsider: re-evaluating the notion of Khawārij (Ibāḍīs) in exegetical tradition. The author describes the notion of Khawārij in classical Tafsīrs (Suyūṭī, Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Qurṭubī etc.). While discussing the closeness of Ibāḍī Fiqh to Sunnī Fiqh, the author refers to the Tafsīr of Hūd b. Muḥakkim al-Hawwārī and Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish’ Taysīr al-Tafsīr and Hīmyād al-Zād (see Maghrib), as well as to Saʿīd b. Aḥm. b. Saʿīd al-Kindī’s al-Tafsīr al-Muyassar (see Mashriq). This article is concerned with reasons why the Khawārij, having lost their power and followers, are seriously criticized in Sunnī exegetical tradition. Perhaps Muslim intellectuals try to establish some kind of self-control to prevent any disorder in the Muslim community. Thus they label every movement that causes trouble among the Muslims as “Khārijite”. The notion of the Khawārij remained unchanged through the ages in classical literature, and was even repeated by Muḥ. Ḥusayn al-Dhahabī (q.v.) in his al-Tafsīr wa’l-Mufassirūn. Finally the author puts the question why the Ibāḍīs, who do not have the characteristics of the primitive Khawārij, today still are often called Khawārij.
Keywords: Coran – Commentaires

Hicrî II. asırda rivayet üslubu (III) er-Rabî’ b. Habîb (ö. 175-180) ve rivayet-dirayet açısından el-Câmi’i - Erul, Bünyamin (Ankara Üniversitesi Ilâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003)
[Tradition methods in the 2nd century A.H. (III) al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb (d. 175-180) and his al-Jāmiʿ in the light of the Riwāya-Dirāya relationship].

The spatial dichotomy of Swahili towns: the case of Zanzibar in the nineteenth century - Sheriff, Abdul Mohamed Hussein (Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 2002)
Keywords: Archéologie – Zanzibar

The Anglo-Sanusi war (1915-1916) - Bernini, Simone (The Maghreb Review, 2001)
Keywords: Invasion italienne – Libye

Review : Cook, Michael: (2000) Commanding right and forbidding wrong in Islamic thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, (xvii, 702 pp.; 23x15 cm.). ISBN 0521661749. - Sajjad, Rizvi (Transcendent Philosophy, 2001)
Keywords: Recension

The Arab and Swahili culture in historical perspective. Some important links in “The history of the Mazrūʿīs in East Africa” by Shaykh al-Amīn b. ʿAlī al-Mazrūʿī - Soghayroun, Ibrahim (Sudanic Africa, 2001)
This paper presents Shaykh al-Amīn’s history of the Mazrūʿīs -an Omani tribe which was brought to Mombasa in about 1698- and evaluates its intellectual legacy to East Africa. Although the manuscript concentrates on the history of the Mazrūʿīs in East Africa, it comprises considerable material pertaining to other groups that played an important role in the history of the area. The Mazrūʿī history describes the interal factional struggles in Oman and its impact on East African Arab and Swahili communities. It also sheds light on the Portuguese and their policy during the period of their domination of the East African coast.
Keywords: Zanzibar

A tale of three shambas. Part II. - Bang, Anne K.; Vikør, Knut S. (Sudanic Africa, 2000)
In this article three cases before the Sultan’s Court for Zanzibar and Pemba are presented over inheritance involving the possession of shambas, farms and farmhouses in the agricultural areas (from the Zanzibar National Archive, files HC8/1-140). For the Ibāḍiyya, the main legal text was K. al-Nīl wa-Shifā’ al-ʿAlīl of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Muṣʿabī al-Thamīnī (1130-1223/1718-1808). To this, the most frequently used commentary was Sharḥ al-Nīl by Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish (1260-1332/1820-1914). Another much used work on Ibāḍī inheritance law was the Mukhtaṣar by the Omani author Abū ‘l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Bisyawī. Pp. 8-9: information on the Ibāḍī Qāḍī ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Mundhirī (1866-1925).
Keywords: Zanzibar

min Maṣādir al-Tārīkh wa’l-Thaqāfa, al-Siyar al-ʿUmāniyya - Salimi, Abdulrahman al- (نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, 2000)
Sālimī’s article is based on the following sources: - A MS collection in three volumes in MNHC, dated 1299/1881, dedicated to al-Sayyid Barghash b. Saʿīd, Sultan of Zanzibar. (See Mashriq, Anonymous: Siyar al-ʿUlamā’ al-Ibāḍiyya al-Maḥbūbīyyīn). - A MS collection in one volume in Makt. al-Sālimī, dated 1120/1708, entitled K. al-Siyar. (See Mashriq, Anonymous: K. al-Siyar (2)). - A MS collection of three parts in one volume in the possession of Aḥm. b. Nāṣir al-Sayfī in Nizwà, dated 1141/1728. (See Mashriq, Anonymous: al-Siyar al-Ibāḍiyya). - Ibn Baraka: K. al-Taqyīd, a MS in Makt. al-Sālimī, dated 972/1564. - A microfilm in the library of Cambridge University (Or. 1405), entitled al-Siyar al-ʿUmāniyya. (see Mashriq, Anonymous: Hinds Xerox). MS collections, Sālimī has not seen: - A MS collection in the library of the former Imam Ghālib b. ʿAlī al-Hinā’ī in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. (See Mashriq, Anonymous: al-Siyar wa’l-Jawābāt). - MS in the library of the University of Lwów. (See Mashriq, Anonymous: al-Siyar al-ʿUmāniyya). Printed works that contain i.a. Siyar: - Khurāsiyyīnī, Saʿīd b. Aḥm.: Fawākih al-ʿUlūm fī Ṭāʿat al-Ḥayy al-Qayyūm. (See Khurāsiyyīnī). - Kāshif: (ed.) al-Siyar wa’l-Jawābāt li-ʿUlamā’ wa-A’immat ʿUmān. (See Mashriq, Kāshif). - Sālimī: Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān. - Baṭṭāshī, Sayf b. Ḥamūd: Itḥāf al-Aʿyān fī Tārīkh baʿḍ ʿUlamā’ ʿUmān (q.v.). The Omani Siyar are a kind of short theological and/or political memoranda of not more than 20 to 30 fos. that present a personal viewpoint on a certain subject. They can be seen as an archive of memoranda and correspondence on a variety of crises and subjects. The Omani Siyar contain: an opinion of a scholar on a certain subject or event; correspondence between parties in which they discuss a certain subject; writings or answers or exchange of opinions between scholars to explain a certain question, a kind of epistles we see especially during the period of the split into Rustāqiyya and Nizwāniyya parties; registration of events in a certain period, or sometimes writings on famous Imams, scholars and jurists, i.e. a kind of biographies. On the contrary, the Ibāḍīs of North Africa use the term Sīra in the sense of biography; a Sīra in the Omani sense of the word, they most often call Kitāb (letter). At a certain point in time, the term Sīra took on a different meaning with the Omani historians, for the first time, as far as we know, with Ibn Qayṣar in his Sīrat al-Imām Nāṣir b. Murshid al-Yaʿrabī (Imam 1043-1059/1624-1649), which is a biography. The compilation of epistles as a kind of literary genre probably began in the 11th/17th century, and all later Omani historians made use of the older Siyar in their works. The epistles in these compilations are not aranged chronologically nor according to subject and they contain also non-Omani epistles. With regard to the historical importance of the Omani Siyar, see for example Wilkinson 1976a, 1978b (see Anonymous: Jawhar al-Muqtaṣir) and 1981, Fārūq ʿUmar Fawzī 1979a, ʿUbaydlī in the introduction to his edition of Kashf al-Ghumma (1985), and Cook 1981 (to which Crone and Zimmermann 2001 can be added). A chronological arrangement of more than 126 epistles, with an indication of their subjects and explanatory remarks (pp. 10-36): I. First period: from the beginnings of the Islam until the collapse of the First Imamate in Oman (280/893-4): (i) The period of Medina and the Ṣaḥāba (6 epistles). (ii) The period after the murder of Caliph ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān (35-45/656-665) (7 epistles). (iii) The period of formation of Ibāḍī political, theological and juridical thought in al-Baṣra (18 epistles). (iv) Epistles composed during the reigns of the Imams Ghassān b. ʿAbdl. al-Fajḥī (192-207/808-823) and ʿAbd al-Malik b. Ḥumayyid al-ʿAlawī (208-226/823-841) (7 epistles). (v) Epistles composed during the reign of Imam al-Muhannā b. Jayfar al-Fajḥī (226-237/841-851) (4 epistles). (vi) Epistles composed during the reign of Imam al-Ṣalt b. Mālik al-Kharūṣī (237-272/851-886) and when Muḥ. b. Maḥbūb b. al-Raḥīl (d. 260/874) arrived in Oman (10 epistles). II. Second period: starting from the deposing of Imam al-Ṣalt b. Mālik (272/886) This period saw internal strife in Oman between Nizāriyya and Qaḥṭāniyya tribes and ideological differences of opinion on the rules of the Imamate between the Rusṭaq and the Nizwà parties, of which the former supported Imam al-Ṣalt b. Mālik while the latter took up a moderate position between the supporters of the Imam and his opponents. The first Imamate in Oman collapsed at the hands of Muḥ. b. Nūr/Būr, Abbaside governor of Bahrain. (i) Epistles of the Rusṭāq school (15 epistles). (ii) Epistles of the Nizwà school (5 epistles). (iii) Epistles of opponents of Imam al-Ṣalt b. Mālik (2 epistles). III. Third period: the Second Imamate in Oman (320-549/923-1154). (i) Epistles composed in the period between the reigns of the Imams Abū ‘l-Qāsim Saʿīd b. ʿAbdl. (320-328/931-940) and al-Khalīl b. Shādhān (407-425/1016-1033) (6 epistles). (ii) The period of liberation of Oman from foreign occupiers and of commercial expansion in the Indian Ocean and East Africa, as well as expansion of the Imamate into Ḥaḍramawt and Yemen (12 epistles, among which a compilation of three from Imam Rāshid b. Saʿīd). (iii) Epistles composed towards the end of the Second Imamate (19 epistles). IV. Fourth period: from the Nabāhina state (549-1043/1154-1624) to the Yaʿāriba state (1624-1741). (i) The period of the Nabāhina (10 epistles). (ii) The period of the Yaʿāriba (6 epistles, among which a compilation of four epistles of Imam Nāṣir b. Murshid to his governors). Nearly the same article in Nizwà, nr. 2 (July 1999) (http://www.nizwa.com/volume19/p62_78.html.). See Salmi 2001, chapt. 1 (pp. 1-45). See Salimi, Abdulrahman 2010a (pp. 124-160, a chronological arrangement of 140 epistles).

A tale of three shambas. Shāfiʿī-Ibāḍī legal cooperation in the Zanzibar protectorate. Part I. - Bang, Anne K.; Vikør, Knut S. (Sudanic Africa, 1999)
In this article three cases before the Sultan’s Court for Zanzibar and Pemba are presented over inheritance involving the possession of shambas, farms and farmhouses in the agricultural areas (from the Zanzibar National Archive, files HC8/1-140). For the Ibāḍiyya, the main legal text was K. al-Nīl wa-Shifā’ al-ʿAlīl of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Muṣʿabī al-Thamīnī (1130-1223/1718-1808). To this, the most frequently used commentary was Sharḥ al-Nīl by Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish (1260-1332/1820-1914). Another much used work on Ibāḍī inheritance law was the Mukhtaṣar by the Omani author Abū ‘l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Bisyawī. Pp. 8-9: information on the Ibāḍī Qāḍī ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Mundhirī (1866-1925).
Keywords: Zanzibar

Monumental Evidence of the Ancient Jewish Community at Sohar (Oman) - Costa, Paolo M. (ARAM Periodical, 1999)
Keywords: Judaïsme – Oman

From the individualism to the community’s power: the economic implications of the Wilāya/Barā’a dynamic among the Ibāḍīs - Francesca, Ersilia (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1999)
At the end of the article, p. 75: among the Mozabites, Wilāya and Barā’a represent a religious transformation of tribal politics. The notables’ authority could not exist without a social structure founded in the clan. Each clan designates its representatives in the Jamāʿa and its notables, who direct the group’s business, form a restricted assembly which meets in the presence of one of the members of the Ḥalqa (Bourdieu 1962, 41-42). This connection between religious solidarity and agnatic groups’ power assures that community ties remain very strong even among emigrants. Particularism and individualism are banished and each Ibāḍī has a strong feeling of belonging to “the chosen people”, distinguished by their rigor and intransigence. In terms of organization of entrepreneurial activity, the solidarity existing among the Mozabites is converted into commercial cooperation. The business establishments in the Tell are generally the property of the family group, and in most cases the employees are members of the owner’s family or else come from the same clan or city. This family organization of the business enterprise, thanks to the very limited costs, allows the Mozabites to sell at competitive prices. Moreover, mutual aid is praticed in every possible occasion (Bourdieu 1962, 48; Chabert 1961, 348). In this way, fidelity to the traditional social structure, far from being an obstacle to their competitiveness in the capitalistic system, rather favours it and makes it easier.

Thalāthu Rasā’il Makhṭūṭa ḥawla al-Ibāḍiyya al-Mīzābiyyīn bi’l-Jazā’ir fī ‘l-ʿAhd al-ʿUthmānī - Baḥḥāz, Ibrāhīm (Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine, 1998)
The Ottoman period in Algeria was from 1515-1830. These three letters are from the private library of Muḥ. al-Ḥājj Saʿīd b. Ayyūb in Ghardaïa, Mīzāb. The first letter (Dhū ‘l-Qaʿda 1206/1792) contains a complaint from the Mīzābīs to the Dāy Bābā Ḥasan (1791-1798) about the intention of Ṣāliḥ Bāy, Bāy of Constantine (1771-1792), to subdue the Mīzābīs and their families, to lead their women and children into captivity, and subsequently to exterminate them, probably for no other reason then their belonging to the Ibāḍī Madhhab. The second letter (Muḥarram 1207/Aug. 1792) is a letter of thanks for the Dāy’s help. The third one (end of Ṣafar 1207/1792), to al-Ḥājj ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf, Siḥr of the Dāy and their mediator with the Dāy, “expresses the acknowledgment of what is beautiful by its writers”; it contains the aforementioned complaint and the Mīzābīs’ gratitude.
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Algérie

The dead ostrich. Life and trade in Ghadāmes (Libya) in the nineteenth century - Haarmann, Ulrich (Die Welt des Islams, 1998)
Keywords: Commerce – Ghadames; Droit coutumier – Ghadames

Review : Cilardo, Agostino: (1996) Diritto ereditario islamico delle scuole giuridiche sunnite (Ḥanafita, Malikita, Shāfiʿita e Ḥanbalita) e delle scuole giuridiche Zaydita, Ẓāhirita e Ibāḍita: casistica. Rome/Naples: Istituto per l’Oriente “C.A. Nallino”/Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dpt. di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, 1996, (701 pp., 24x17 cm.). - Rebstock, Ulrich (Die Welt des Islams, 1997)
Keywords: Recension

Les Pays Bas et la guerre de Libye (1911-1912) - Bono, Salvatore (Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine, 1995)
On international diplomatic efforts to put an end to the Italian-Turkish conflict. The Dutch initiative took place mid-December 1911.
Keywords: Invasion italienne – Libye

Les communautés noires du Mzab - Daddi Addoun, Yacine (Saharan Studies Association Newsletter, 1995)
Thesis in progress at the Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (INALCO), Paris. For reference to the Ibāḍī point of view on slavery, Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish’ work Sharḥ al-Nīl wa-Shifā’ al-ʿAlīl is used.

Arabizing the Omani intelligence services: Clash of cultures? - Eickelman, Dale F.; Dennison, M. G. (International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 1994)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1970-2020

Review: Schwartz, Werner: (1986) Kitāb Ibn Sallām. Eine ibāḍitisch-maghribinische Geschichte des Islams aus dem 3./9. Jahrhundert. Hrsg. von Werner Schwartz und Shaikh Sālim ibn Yaʿqūb. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag (in Kommission von: Orient Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Beirut), 1986, (168 pp., 24,5x17,5 cm.). ISBN 3-515-04497-3. - Adīb, D. (Mideo, 1993)
Keywords: Recension

Mosques, merchants and landowners in Zanzibar stone town - Sheriff, Abdul Mohamed Hussein (Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 1992)
In the old “stone town” of Zanzibar west of the former creek there are about fifty mosques, mostly built during the 19th century. By studying these mosques, this paper reconstructs the growth and economic and social history of the town. It demonstrates that merchants as well as landowners supported the construction of mosques and that the construction of mosques was an important aspect of urban development. An examiniation of the growth of Zanzibar town shows that, from the latter part of the 18th century, Zanzibar began to develop as the centre of a commercial empire based on the twin foundations of transit trade and plantation agriculture. The history of the mosques can be divided into several phases, of course with some overlap. First the Sunnī mercantile tradition and the mosques built during this phase are described. By the 1840s, a new phase is discernible in mosque construction, a phase dominated by the Ibāḍī tradition with its unique architectural features reflecting Ibāḍī dogmas and practices. Finally, attention is paid to Ibāḍī-Sunnī interaction (Catalogue African Studies Centre, Leiden). At Zanzibar, the Ibāḍīs were a minority sect that tended to be gradually absorbed by the Shāfiʿī denomination. Generally the two denominations lived together in perfect harmony. Only under Sultan Barghash b. Saʿīd (Sultan 1870-1888), who was under the influence of the Ibāḍī Imamate movement in Oman, an Ibāḍī Nahḍa occurred which lead to some tension between Ibāḍīs and Sunnīs (pp. 17-19).
Keywords: Zanzibar

Muslim land and water law - Wilkinson, John Craven (Journal of Islamic Studies, 1990)

Islam et politique coloniale en Libye - Bono, Salvatore (The Maghreb Review, 1988)

La Libia nella "Revue du Maghreb" (1916-1918) - Bono, Salvatore (Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 1988)

La mosquée et la noce à Beni Isguen - Chikh, Slimane (The Maghreb Review, 1988)
Keywords: Droit coutumier – Mzab

Review : Cianferotti, Giulio: (1984) Giuristi e mondo accademico di fronte all’impresa di Tripoli. Milan: Giuffrè, 1984, (167 pp.). (Quaderni di Studi Senesi, raccolti da F. Liotta). ISBN 88.14.00356.4. - Piccinelli, Gian Maria (Oriente Moderno, 1987)
Keywords: Recension

Ibāḍī political and administrative organisations in the stage of secrecy with special reference to North Africa - Khulayfāt, ʿAwaḍ Muḥammad (The Maghreb Review, 1986)

Quelques remarques sur l’activite des Roustemides au Maghreb Central dans le domaine de l’urbanisme - Dąbrowski, Leszek M. (Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 1985)
Keywords: Urbanisme – Mzab

A description of Masqat and Oman anno 1673 A.D./1084 Q. - Floor, Willem (Moyen Orient et Océan Indien, 1985)
P. 1: in 1672 two merchants, representatives of the Dutch East Indies Company, drew up two rather detailed reports on the manner of government and trade in Masqat and Oman. The descriptive parts of their reports are appended here in translation, because they provide us with unique information on that part of the world, which hitherto was unknown. The reasons for drawing up the reports, the activities which led the Dutch to visit Masqat and those which resulted from these visits will be discussed in what follows and will cover the period between 1666 and 1676.
Keywords: Récits de voyage – Oman

Falaj-Oasen in Sharqiya, Inner-Oman - Scholz, Fred (Die Erde, 1984)
Summary: Little is known about the genesis and the spacial structure of the settlements in Inner-Oman, South-east Arabia. The present paper describes the situation of the settlements and oases in the central region of Inner-Oman by means of three case studies. The older oases and their villages show a more irregular spatial pattern than the younger ones, owing to the social-tribal structures of the settlers, their religious customs and the existing water laws. The existence of all oases in Inner-Oman depends upon an underground watercollecting-system, the so-called Falaj, which has been common throughout Inner-Oman since several centuries. On the Ḥārithī-oases al-Darīz, al-Qābil and al-ʿIzz; the Ḥajariyyūn-oases al-Mintirib, al-Ghabbī, Jāḥis, Shāhiq and Hawayah (Ḥawiyya).
Keywords: Irrigation – Oman

Notes de lecture - Cuoq, Joseph (Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 1983)
French translation of pp. 517-518 of Ṭallāy’s edition of Darjīnī’s K. Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh. (See Ṭallāy 1974). Translation of pp. 457-458 of Shammākhī’s K. al-Siyar. Translation from al-Bakrī’s K. al-Masālik wa’l-Mamālik. All three texts treat the conversion to Islam of the king of Mali.
Keywords: Recension

ʿAqīdat Abī Sahl Yaḥyà/La ʿAqīda d’Abū Sahl Yaḥyà - Cuperly, Pierre (Cahiers de Tunisie, 1983)
Edition and translation. Arabic text pp. 41-47, an introduction (much the same as Cuperly 1979, 67-74); text of the ʿAqīda: pp. 48-69, 55-84; French translation of the ʿAqīda: pp. 70-94, 85-119.
Keywords: Foi – Traité

ʿAqīdat Abī Sahl Yaḥyà/La ʿAqīda d’Abū Sahl Yaḥyà - Cuperly, Pierre (Cahiers de Tunisie, 1982)
Edition and translation. Arabic text pp. 41-47, an introduction (much the same as Cuperly 1979, 67-74); text of the ʿAqīda: pp. 48-69, 55-84; French translation of the ʿAqīda: pp. 70-94, 85-119.
Keywords: Foi – Traité

First contacts between the Netherlands and Masqat or, a report on the discovery of the coast of Oman in 1666: translation and introduction - Floor, Willem (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1982)
Keywords: Relations – Oman – Pays-Bas

Un document ancien sur l’urbanisme au Mzab - Cuperly, Pierre (Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 1981)
Arabic text and translation of the last chapter (112-118) of the third part of Kitāb Uṣūl al-Arāḍīn by Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Abī ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Abī Bakr [al-Nafūsī]. Mainly on irrigation.
Keywords: Urbanisme – Mzab

Religious tradition, economic domination and political legitimacy: Morocco and Oman - Eickelman, Dale F. (Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 1980)
Oman, as it has been cut off from its neighbours and from western influence unto recent years, seems the right country for studying so-called traditional Islam. But, as soon as it is approached from the ethnographic and social historical point of view, the notion of tradition appears more complex than that can be extracted from religious texts and authorities. It is replaced by that of traditions where political and religious powers interfere. Although many ethnic groups and various religious identities coexist, Oman’s religion is mainly the Ibāḍī Islam marked by an egalitarianism convenient to the “tribe” organization and by the imamate leadership. The social organization and the religious rule were, however, influenced by involvement in maritime trade and dominions in East Africa. Sociological comparisons with Morocco enlight the complex relations which exist and have existed between religion, social organization, economic and political power.

Germany And The Turco-Italian War, 1911–1912 - Wrigley, W. David (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1980)
The events of the Turco-Italian War (1911–1912) presented several complex problems for Germany's diplomatic and economic policies in the Near East. First, the War served as a test of strength for the Triple Alliance, because the Wilhelmstrasse (German foreign ministry) had guaranteed to maintain Italian interests in Tripolitania, but the hostilities threatened to spread into Macedonia where the Wilhelmstrasse had guaranteed Austrian interests. If the status quo of the Balkans was disturbed by the War, then an Austro-Russian diplomatic struggle might ensue, thus requiring German support for Austria-Hungary. The Germans were forced to support Italian interests in Tripolitania, while simultaneously preserving Austrian interests in the Balkans. Under these circumstances, could Germany preserve the solidarity of the Triple Alliance against internal dissension?
Keywords: Invasion italienne – Libye

Hommage à Abū ‘l-Yaqẓān - Chikh, Slimane (Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord, 1979)
Keywords: Abū ‘l-Yaqẓān; Ibrāhim (1888-1973)

Ibadisme et société: la délibération des ʿAzzāba de Beni Isguen (27 Ram. 1399/20 août 1979) - Chikh, Slimane (Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord, 1979)
The author places the text (182-186) in its religious, economic and social context. It concerns rules for more restrained marriage ceremonies. Mīzāb, situated between the oil and gas fields of Hassi R’mel and Hassi Mesaoud, has seen a spectacular economic flourishing. The influx of tourists, of workers from the North, modern communications and other modern developments have a serious impact on the relative isolation of the Mīzāb and on its traditional social structure.
Keywords: Droit coutumier – Mzab; Moeurs et coutumes – Mzab

Secret diplomacy and the Cyrenaican settlement of 1917 - Cole, Simon M. (Journal of Italian History, 1979)

The Municipal Council of Tunis, 1858–1870: A Study in Urban Institutional Change - Cleveland, William L. (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1978)
Throughout the nineteenth century, the cities on the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean, Tunis, Alexandria, Beirut, Smyrna, and Istanbul among them, experienced an influx of foreign communities which, combined with an increase in the indigenous populations and new urban policies on the part of certain rulers, tended to disrupt customary patterns of urban relationships. Although the scholarship of recent years has provided a new awareness of the network of interrelationships which held together the segments of medieval Islamic urban society, studies on the nineteenth-century changes in those relationships as represented by the policies of Muhammad ῾Alī, Aḥmad Bey, and the Ottoman Tanzimat reformers, have tended to focus more on aspects of state and government than on cities as such. Yet cities, especially capital cities, reflect most intensely periods of social and institutional transition.
Pp. 52-53: Mozabites possess the concession to sell charcoal in Tunis
Keywords: Emigration – Mzab – Tunisie

Harvard archaeological survey in Oman, 1973: Sohar and the sea trade of Oman in the tenth century AD. - Williamson, Andrew (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 1974)
Keywords: Archéologie – Oman

Arab-Persian land relationships in late Sasānid Oman - Wilkinson, John Craven (Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 1973)
Papers from the 6th Seminar for Arabian Studies, held at the Institute of Archaeology, London, 27th-28th September 1972. Clements 1981, 64: this paper concentrates on late Sassanid rule in Oman during the 6th century A.D., when the Arabs evicted Sassanid ruling classes following the arrival of Islam and thus gained real control over the land. The writer examines the social structure during the period of Sassanid rule, and considers the hypothesis that the system of land utilization and irrigation was well established before the Arabs took over. “Maintaining their tribal organizations and bedu attitudes, there is no reason to suppose that the Arabs did anything to expand the prosperity of the land or create new establishments in pre-islamic times any more than they did when they became masters of the land".

Interview du Cheikh Ibrahīm Bayyuḍ sur l’organisation des Ibaḍites au Mzab - Cuperly, Pierre (Etudes Arabes, 1972)
In my possession a stencilled copy entitled: Muqābala maʿa al-Shaykh Ibrāhīm Bayyūḍ bi’l-Qarāra (Mīzāb), Yawm al-Sabt 13 Māris 1971/ Interview du Cheikh Ibrahīm Bayyuḍ à Guerara le 13 Mars 1971, (pp. 26-39, 40-52).*
Keywords: Bayyūḍ; Ibrāhīm ibn ʿUmar (1899-1981)

L’Ibaḍisme au XIIème siècle: la ʿAqida de Abu Sahl Yaḥyà - Cuperly, Pierre (Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 1972)
Cuperly gives a biography of the author, a list of his works (with additions and corrections to Schacht 1956, 375-398), a general analysis of the Risāla and a description of each chapter, and a translation of extracts, with notes.
Keywords: Foi – Traité – 12e siècle

Muḥammad Aṭfayyash et sa Risāla shāfiya fī baʿḍ tawārīkh ahl Wādī Mizāb - Cuperly, Pierre (Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 1972)
Cuperly gives a biography of the author, a list of his works (with additions and corrections to Schacht 1956, 375-398), a general analysis of the Risāla and a description of each chapter, and a translation of extracts, with notes.
Keywords: Atfiyyash; Muhammad b. Yusuf (1821-1914); Prosopographie – Afrique du Nord

Notes on Some Members of the Learned Classes of Zanzibar and East Africa in the Nineteenth Century - Martin, Bradford G. (African Historical Studies, 1971)
P. 525: this short paper is an attempt to draw a profile, to describe some of the features of the ʿUlamā’ class of Zanzibar and East Africa, based on the biographies of seven prominent members of this class who lived in the 19th century. These men show a wide range of interests, from poetry to juridprudence, from commerce to mysticism. Two of them might be described as “radicals”; the others were fairly conventional. In passing I have made a few comments on some significant points: the history of the “old Arabs” in East Africa, the role of the ʿUlamā’ class in the Muslim society of this time and place, the relations of the “learned” to trade and government, the interconnections of the two Muslim sects, Ibāḍīs and Shāfiʿīs, the literary and educational accomplishments of the ʿUlamā’, the participation of some of the ʿUlamā’ in the Qādirī and Shādhilī revivals of the 1880s and 1890s, the extent of Pan-Islamic influence in Zanzibar and East Africa. I would like to suggest a few priorities for further research in this field. The seven scholars who are treated are the Sunnī ʿUlamā’: Muḥyī ‘l-Dīn b. ʿAbdl. al-Qaḥṭānī al-Wā’ilī (c. 1790-1869), Manṣab b. ʿAlī (1863-1927), ʿAlī b. ʿAbdl. b. Nāfiʿ al-Mazrūʿī (1825-1894), ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Amawī (1832-1896), ʿAbdl. b. Muḥ. Bā Kathīr al-Kindī (b. 1864), Aḥm. b. Sumayṭ (1861-1925), and the Ibāḍī scholar ʿAlī b. Khamīs b. Sālim al-Barwānī (1852-1886) (pp. 534-535), who became a Sunnī and was imprisoned for that by Sayyid Barghash. He had studied under the leading Ibāḍī Qāḍīs of Zanzibar in Barghash’s time and before, Yaḥyà b. Khalfān al-Kharūṣī and Muḥ. b. Sul. al-Mundhirī, and a visiting scholar from Oman, Khamīs b. Sālim al-Khaṣībī (Khuṣaybī). Martin cites frequently from Farsy 1944 and 1942. According to Kagabo 1991, 63, Barwānī was a Sunnī and was converted to Ibāḍism by the Ibāḍī sheikh Khamīs b. ʿAlī, and became a Sunnī again.
Keywords: Zanzibar

L’Adhān presso gl’Ibāḍiti - Rubinacci, Roberto (Folia Orientalia, 1970)
Mainly based on Jannāwunī: Kitāb al-Waḍʿ fī ‘l-Furūʿ. Pp. 285-290: translation of Jannāwunī, 222-237, chapter 3, on the Ādhān. Furthermore based on the commentary on the Kitāb al-Waḍʿ by Abū Sitta al-Qaṣbī (Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. ʿUmar b. Abī Sitta al-Qaṣbī al-Nafūsī), who used mainly the Kitāb al-Īḍāḥ of Abū Sākin ʿĀmir al-Shammākhī and Jayṭālī’s Qawāʿid and Qanāṭir.
Keywords: Jayṭālī; Ismāʿīl b. Mūsà (13..-1350); Orientalisme – Italie

Un antico documento ibāḍita sul Corano creato. La Risāla dell’Imam Rustemide Muḥammad Abū ‘l-Yaqẓān - Cremonesi, Vanna (Studi Magrebini, 1966)
A study with a translation of the Risāla of the Rustemid Imam Abū ‘l-Yaqẓān (Muḥ.) b. Aflaḥ b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb in Barrādī’s K. al-Jawāhir, on the creation of the Koran.
Keywords: Barrādī; Abū ‘l-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-; Orientalisme – Italie

Deux maisons à Beni Isguen (Mzab). Étude comparative - Bisson, Guy (Travaux de l’Institut de Recherches Sahariennes, 1964)
Keywords: Architecture – Mzab

Un antico documento di vita cenobitica musulmana. La regola della ḥalqa dello shaykh Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Bakr - Rubinacci, Roberto (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1960)
A study, with a translation, of Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Bakr’s rules of the Ḥalqa, from Darjīnī’s K. Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh (MS in the library of the University of Cracow, f. 47r line 15-f. 51v). A comparison is made with the same text in Barrādī’s K. al-Jawāhir al-Muntaqāt (Cairo 1302/1884-5, 207-218).
Keywords: Barrādī; Abū ‘l-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-; Orientalisme – Italie

British intervention in Oman (Revue Égyptienne de Droit International, 1957)
Keywords: Vie politique – Oman – 1932-1970

Buraimi arbitration. Location of the frontier between Saudi Arabia and Abu Dhabi. Determination of sovereignty over the oasis of Buraimi (Revue Égyptienne de Droit International, 1954)
Keywords: Relations – Oman – Arabie Saoudite

L’Imāmato ibāḍita dell’ʿOman - Veccia Vaglieri, Laura (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1949)
La ricostituzione dell’Imamato ibāḍita nell’interno dell’ʿOmān (245); Le fonti per la storia dell’ʿOmān (247); Caratteristiche del paese (250); I principali avvenimenti anteriori alla costituzione dell’Imāmato (252); Come sorse l’Imāmato (253); L’antico Imāmato elettivo, 135-281/752-894, capitale Nezwà (256); Il periodo degli Imām sporadici (263); I Yaʿrubidi, 1034-1154/1624-1741, capitale er-Rostāq, Yabrīn, Nezwà ecc. (273); Gli Āl Bū Saʿīd o Āl Saʿīd, 1154/1741 ad oggi (278).
Keywords: Orientalisme – Italie

I trasmettitori della dottrina ibāḍita - Crupi la Rosa, Generosa (Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 1953)
A study of the chains of transmitters of the Ibāḍī doctrine from: - ʿAbdl. b. Yaḥyà al-Bārūnī: Risālat Sullam al-ʿĀmma wa’l-Mubtadi’īn, pp. 31-41. The Risāla was printed as an appendix to Sul. b. ʿAbdl. al-Bārūnī’s al-Azhār al-Riyādiyya, Cairo 1304/1886-7 (sic); - Muḥ. b. Zakariyyā’ b. Mūsà al-Bārūnī al-Qalʿawī: Nisbat Dīn al-Muslimīn, in appendix to Shammākhī: Siyar, 578-583, lith. Cairo 1301/1883-4. The chains, through a line of North-African transmitters, go back to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Rustam or Abū ‘l-Zājir Ism. b. Darrār al-Ghadāmasī, two of the five Ḥamalat al-ʿIlm who brought the Ibāḍī doctrine to North Africa, after having acquired it in Basra from Abū ʿUbayda Muslim b. Abī Karīma al-Tamīmī (1st half 2nd/8th c.). From Abū ʿUbayda Muslim al-Baṣrī some chains descend, through Abū ‘l-Shaʿthā’ Jābir b. Zayd al-Azdī [al-ʿUmānī al-Yaḥmadī al-Jawfī al-Baṣrī], ʿAbdl. b. ʿAbbās and ʿĀ’isha, to the Prophet. ʿAbdl. al-Bārūnī gives four chains of transmitters. The first begins at the end of the 6th/12th century with Maqrīn b. Muḥ. al-Bughṭūrī to end with Abū Hārūn Mūsà b. Yūnus al-Jalālamī. Then the chain bifurcates in one chain that goes back to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Rustam and another that goes back to Abū ‘l-Zājir Ism. b. Darrār al-Ghadāmasī. The second chain begins in the 8th/14th century with Abū Sākin ʿĀmir b. ʿAlī al-Shammākhī going back to Abū Hārūn al-Jalālamī. Then the chain continues with the same names as the second chain mentioned above. In essence the names of the transmittters from the eighth to the sixth century A.H. are given. The third chain begins at the end of the 10th century with Muḥ. b. Zak. al-Bārūnī al-Qalʿawī and goes back to Abū Sākin ʿĀmir al-Shammākhī. So this chain adds the names of the transmitters between the eighth and the tenth century A.H. The fourth chain of transmitters begins also at the end of the 10th/16th or the beginning of the 11th/17th century, but gives a different chain of transmitters. It begins with Abū Mahdī ʿĪsà b. Ism. and goes back to the Rustamid ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, son of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Qalʿawī gives the chains he acquired from Abū Sul. Dāwud b. Ibr. al-Tilātī al-Jarbī. These chains consist of five or six names, and they meet together at the name of ʿAbdl. b. ʿAbd al-Wāḥid al-Shammākhī, disciple of a disciple of Abū Sākin ʿĀmir al-Shammākhī. Then they follow the names in one of ʿAbdl. al-Bārūnī’s chains, especially the second one. Qalʿawī also gives his own chain of transmitters. In 961/1554 he travelled to the Jabal Banī Muṣʿab, where he learned the doctrine from Abū Mahdī ʿĪsà b. Ism. Beginning with this sheikh, the chain bifurcates from Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Bakr onwards, to meet together, via the Rustamid ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and the transmitter Abū ‘l-Zājir al-Ghadāmasī, in the famous Abū ʿUbayda. The first part of the chain and the beginnings of the bifurcations are identical to the fourth chain of ʿAbdl. al-Bārūnī. The references added to certain names in the detailed lists of transmitters (127-139) are mainly to Shammākhī: Siyar; Basset 1899; Lewicki 1934b, 74. Also: Masqueray 1878a; Motylinski 1885a, 1899, 1908a, etc.
Keywords: Orientalisme – Italie

La città di Merca e tre sue iscrizioni arabe - Cerulli, Enrico (Oriente Moderno, 1943)
Pp. 20-24: I Somali nella regione di Merca; p. 24: I Galla nella regione di Merca; pp. 24-26: I Persiani nella regione di Merca; p. 26: L’occupazione di Merca da parte del’Oman; pp. 27-28: Tre iscrizioni arabe di Merca.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Il tripolitano ibadita Suleiman el-Baruni e sue notizie sull’Oman - Veccia Vaglieri, Laura (Oriente Moderno, 1934)
An interview of the Syrian journalist ʿUmar al-Ṭībī with Sul. in Baghdad, Fatà al-ʿArab (Damascus), 25-26 Apr. 1934. A general survey of Oman.
Keywords: Bārūnī; Sulaymān al- (1870-1940)

Review of Mercier, Marcel: La civilisation urbaine au Mzab: Ghardaïa la mystérieuse. Alger: Émile Pfister, 1922, (391 p.). - Basset, Henri (Revue Africaine, 1923)
Keywords: Recension

Über die Religiösen Anschauungen der ibadhitischen Muhammedaner in Oman und Ostafrika - Sachau, Eduard (Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen an der königlichen Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1899)
Based on chapters 27, 29 and 40 of Sirḥān b. Saʿīd al-Izkawī’s Kashf al-Ghumma.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Les sanctuaires du Djebel Nefousa - Basset, René (Journal asiatique, 1899)
Text and translation of Shammākhī: Siyar, 598-600. Pp. 434-436, Arabic text. Each of the 97 translated items is enriched with many elaborate annotations and references. On pp. 427-433 Basset gives a chronological survey of governors and dynasties in Ifrīqiyā, parallel to Imams and governors of Nafūsa and Imams of Tāhert.
Keywords: Prosopographie – Djebel Nefousa

Das Gutachten eines muhammedanischen Juristen über die muhammedanischen Rechtsverhältnisse in Ost-Afrika - Sachau, Eduard (Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen an der königlichen Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1898)
The Arabic text and translation of an answer by Yaḥyà b. Khalfān b. Abī Nabhān al-Kharūṣī, Qāḍī of Zanzibar, to questions asked him about the relationship between Shāfiʿī and Ibāḍī jurisprudence in East Africa, and about the most important Ibāḍī and Shāfiʿī Fiqh books. Imbert 1903b, 19-21: an abstract of Sachau’s article. Yaḥyà b. Khalfān al-Kharūṣī was Qāḍī of Zanzibar and he answered to questions posed by Sachau [via Mr. Rössler].
Keywords: Fiqh; Zanzibar

Über eine arabische Chronik aus Zanzibar - Sachau, Eduard (Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen an der königlichen Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1898)
Sachau indicates the parts in Ibn Ruzayq’s al-Fatḥ al-Mubīn that are (almost) copied from Kashf al-Ghumma.
Keywords: Zanzibar

Muhammedanisches Erbrecht nach der Lehre der ibaditischen Araber von Zanzibar und Ostafrika - Sachau, Eduard (Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1894)
Critical analysis and translation of the chapters on the law of succession (ch. 61-77) and testament (ch. 58) in Abū ‘l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥ. b.ʿAlī al-Basyāwī’s Mukhtaṣar al-Basyawī (Zanzibar 1886). See Guidi, Ignazio 1906 for an Italian translation. Imbert 1903b: an abstract of Sachau’s translation (9-12) and a comparison with chapter 21 of Thamīnī’s K. al-Nīl, translated by Zeys 1895 (12-19).
Keywords: Fiqh; Zanzibar

Isedraten et le schisme ibadite - Duveyrier, Henri (Revue d'ethnographie, 1883)
Duveyrier mentions several MSS (pp. 207-209). The first is a MS he had discovered in the Jabal Nafūsa in 1860. It has 560 pp. The author is Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥm. b. Saʿīd al-Shammākhī. It has no title and in the Jabal Nafūsa it is, inappropiately, referred to as “Chronicle of the Nafūsa”. See Lewicki 1934b. The second MS Duveyrier mentions is an extract from a MS a Ṭālib in Ghardaïa allowed to copy in 1859, after urgent requests of more than one month, and that was given to Duveyrier secretely. It relates events that go back to the 8th and 9th centuries, starting with a war that took place in 730, when there were not yet Ibāḍī-Wahbīs, and in which took part Aḥmad b. Sulaymān and ʿĪsà b. Nūḥ, ancestors of the two tribes that (in Duveyrier’s time) made up the population of Ghardaïa, who lived in two villages of Isedraten. The MS ends with a convention in 824 on the regulation of landownership in part of Mīzāb. Then Duveyrier mentions two MSS brought from Ouargla by H. Tarry. The first one relates events in Isedraten that led to the abandonment of the village of Frān in 1197; it has as title: “This is the story of the chronicle of sheikh Ṣāliḥ b. Mūsà” (see Maghrib, Ṣāliḥ b. Mūsà). The second one gives 1274 as the date of the destruction of the villages of Isedraten; this MS starts with the words: “This is the history of Frān of Ouargla ...”.
Keywords: Ibadisme – Sedrata

Le vicende del khārigismo in epoca abbaside - Veccia Vaglieri, Laura (Rivista degli studi orientali, 1949)
Keywords: Orientalisme – Italie