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Début avril 2015 se sont tenues les conférences annuelles sur le droit islamique à Mascate, capitale du petit Sultanat d'Oman. L'occasion de découvrir la foi ibadite, ancrée solidement dans une culture, une histoire et une structure politique, certes ferme, mais dont la stabilité et la tolérance augurent de la possibilité d'un "autre" islam dans le "marché des religions" actuel.
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Oman in 1970, with the advent of Sultan Qaboos bin Said to power, became a modern country. The Sultan worked on the establishment of a civil state based on the foundations of citizenship, equality and social justice. Education, health, human services and government positions, are available to all Omanies, regardless of their origins and sects. He also ordered the issuance of a cultural journal entitled Al-Tasamoh (tolerance), which began publication in 2003. Its main objective was to promote understanding and brotherhood among international societies. Religious tolerance, as we shall see in this paper, is deeply rooted in the Omani culture. This paper explores Western perceptions of religious tolerance in Oman. In the writings of Western travellers and missionaries, the theme of 'tolerance' will be traced.
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This thesis analyzes the development of Omani-Ibadi society from preIslam to the present day. Oman represents an anomaly in the religious world because its Ibadi theology is conservative in nature while also preaching unwavering tolerance. To properly understand how Oman developed such a unique culture and religion, it is necessary to historically analyze the country by recounting the societal developments that occurred throughout the millennia. By doing so, one begins to understand that Oman did not achieve this peaceful religious theology over the past couple of decades. Oman has an exceptional society that was built out of longtime traditions like a trade-based economy that required foreign interaction, long periods of political sovereignty or autonomy, and a unique theology. The Omani-Ibadi people and their leaders have continuously embraced the ancient roots of their regional and religious traditions to create a contemporary state that espouses a unique society that leads people to live conservative personal lives while exuding outward tolerance.
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This study examines pluralism and its impact on the political and religious balance in Omani Society, whether religious, linguistic, ethnic, and confessional pluralism or geographical and cultural pluralism. It frames the issue within its geographical and historical contexts and provides an anthropological account of structural patterns in a Gulf state which has rarely been studied. The research will observe three types of discourse, each of which attempts to redefine the components of Omani society and culture. The religious discourse and its significant effect on religious tolerance is the most dynamic discourse. In this context, the convergence of sectarian religious discourse in Oman will be discussed along with the extent to which the Omani Sultanate is influenced by the widespread sectarianism in the Greater Middle East today. The cultural discourse will also be discussed in its contemporary modern form, despite being structurally, sociologically, and politically incomplete. Finally, the paper also explores political discourse and its consolidation of pluralism as a concept in Omani society.
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