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Scholars and students of the history and politics of the Sultanate of Oman will in all likelihood acknowledge John E. Peterson as the doyen of their field, being active in the study of this Gulf state for just over fifty years. Oman’s Transformation after 1970 is a follow-up to his 2007 book Oman’s Insurgencies, which provided a detailed historical account of the Jebel Akhdar (1955–59) and Dhofar (1963–c.1976) rebellions and the counter-insurgency campaigns Sultans Said bin Taimur (1932–70) and Qaboos bin Said (1970–2020) waged with British support to defeat them.Over the past fifty-five years, Oman has evolved from an impoverished tribal state under Britain’s informal imperial influence to a fully sovereign, prosperous, but absolute monarchy. It has close ties to the Western powers and other members of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), while playing an active role in regional diplomacy and preserving a semblance of neutrality (Oman has, for example, acted as a mediator between the US and the Islamic Republic of Iran and has tried to broker peace between the Houthis and their enemies in Yemen). Although the Sultanate did experience some internal unrest during the 2011 “Arab Spring” (442–44), it has not only emerged as one of the most stable states in the Middle East but also managed a peaceful transition of power after Qaboos’s death in January 2020. This was not an outcome that contemporary observers would have anticipated in the context of both Qaboos’s seizure of power in a palace coup in July 1970 or his regime’s struggle for survival against insurgent movements both in the Southern province of Dhofar and Northern Oman.1
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Tracing the lives, experiences, and ideas of Zanzibari Arabs through rich oral and written archives, Zanzibar Was a Country demonstrates the significance of “experiences in diaspora” to Indian Ocean postcolonial national belonging (2). Belonging, in Mathews’ rendering, refers to both “sentiment” —the idea of Zanzibar as a sovereign state and collective attachment to it—and citizenship—recognized political status and the infrastructures that produce it. The book makes two key intersecting interventions: first, by examining the political economy of citizenship from the era of developmental colonialism to the hydrocarbon-fueled developmentalism of the Arabian Gulf, Mathews presents an important analysis of decolonization as an economic process in which the tensions of the late colonial era continued. Second, he explores the complex and diverse articulations of Zanzibari-Omani belonging that emerged among diasporic Zanzibaris in this context, both in individual memory and through a vibrant vernacular historiography. This is a book that takes seriously not just the memories of its interlocutors, but their scholarship; their own endeavors in writing their history.
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Résistance et Dévotion : Anciens sanctuaires ibadites de Djerba, publié par Virginie Prevost, est le fruit d’un long travail commencé en 1996 et enrichi, depuis 2009, des clichés du photographe Axel Derriks. Cet ouvrage se présente comme une étude historique et architecturale minutieuse portant sur quarante-huit mosquées de l’île de Djerba, avec pour dessein de « conserver la mémoire des anciens lieux de culte de Djerba » (p. ix). Tout au long du volume, V. Prevost souligne de manière pertine...
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