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The M’zab Dorsal in central Algeria is an excellent example of early intraplate folding within the Sahara platform. The Ghardaïa region, located in the center of this mountainous assortment, has two aquifers for water supply: one shallow in the cretaceous layers and another deeper in the continental intercalary sandstone layer. Groundwater recharge is critical for environmental sustainability and water security. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive interpretation of fracture in this region as well as to determine the mechanisms by which water is transported between the highly fractured surface layer of cretaceous limestone and the deep subsurface reservoir. Laboratory and field investigations reveal an evolution from Na-Cl-SO4 water facies in the upstream region to Na-Ca-SO4 type facies in the downstream region, which occurs in Senonian and Barremian reservoirs. The study examines the region’s hydrological history and reconstructs paleo-recharge environments through hydrodynamic and structural analyses of rock cracks and fractures in the cretaceous exposure. The complex network of surface and underground fractures forms a complicated interconnected system that influences groundwater movement, storage, and availability. The density of fractures in rigid substrates influences the aquifer’s recharge capacity, allowing for faster infiltration and more water storage. Understanding fracture density and connectivity is critical to assessing aquifer recharge dynamics. The findings indicate that water table recharges in the M’zab Dorsal region are less intense than in the past, owing to structural and geological changes caused by fissuration and fracture. Therefore, a careful strategy for utilizing the drinking water table is primordial.
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Les ressources d’eau d’oued M’Zab sont des eaux souterraines non renouvelables à cause du climat sec de la région. Une compagnie d'échantillons de 18 puits de différentes points de l’amont vers l’aval du la vallée d’oued M’Zab. Les analyses physico-chimiques ont été faites en laboratoire (ADE), et l’Indice de Qualité de l’Eau (IQE) a été calculé à l’aide d’un programme Excel basé sur les équations mathématiques internationales et des normes algériennes. Les résultats montrent que l’eau de la région est globalement de bonne qualité avec un IQE moyen de 48,06, 62 % des puits en eaux de bonne qualité et 38 % en eau de mauvaise qualité. Les bonnes qualités d’eau se trouvent principalement à Daïa et Ghardaïa, tandis que les mauvaises qualités sont observées à l’aval, surtout à El’ Atteuf , zone agricole où se trouve les eaux stagnantes et l’activité agricole. Tous les échantillons dépassent les normes algériennes pour les sulfates et la dureté tandis que les éléments de pollution sont négligeables à cause de la forte minéralisation.
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The traditional architecture in the M'zab Valley was a real response to the needs of the natural community and a direct reflection of its lifestyle, nature of activities, environmental requirements, individual and collective life practices within the intellectual system and its natural framework. Therefore, we do not find any part in this architecture that does not serve a specific function or symbolize a certain goal, considering that all material production in this society is a homogeneous and harmonious expression between needs, aspirations, goals, religious values, organizations and interactive social relationships with nature and climatic factors. Thus, architectural production in general and traditional housing in M'zab specifically testify to all these values and ideas manifested in their patterns, plans, units and architectural elements, It was necessary to study the impact of these social organizations and practices on the traditional dwelling in M'zab, considering it as a fundamental urban unit in shaping its palaces and a real product that reflects the values and ideas of this society. And since the dwelling is part of this human production, its relationship with social practice is a strong and organic relationship.
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