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"There are ongoing efforts in anthropology to decolonise its history and give fairer space to marginalised traditions. This book examines the history and institutionalisation of anthropology in the Maghreb, the Mashreq and the Gulf, in an open and collaborative manner and from various perspectives. Its primary focus is two-fold: first, to reorient the anthropological focus towards studies conducted in the region, particularly on the conditions conducive to the institutionalisation of anthropological knowledge; second, to shed light on anthropological studies in languages other than English offering different theoretical and epistemological perspectives"-- Provided by publisher.
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This paper investigates the anthropological research on Omani society, represented by a package of studies conducted by two American anthropologists: Dawn Chatty and Mandana Lambert. Working on these studies allows us to trace certain characteristics of the American anthropological research focused on the Global South, and on the Middle East in particular. These studies followed an anthropological approach that is usually devoted to culture and practical issues in areas like health, administration, and economic development. They date back to the 1990s and reflect the moment in which they were written and the interests of the two researchers in the phenomena that caught their attention. Therefore, the topics pursued were prevalent in a society undergoing transformation or on the path to development following the ascent of Sultan Qaboos bin Said to the throne in 1970.
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This dissertation is about a town in Southern Arabia and the ways that gendered sociality and infrastructural transformation meet and become mediated through peoples' understandings of local history and religious values. Focusing on the mundane social world of neighborhood women in the town of Bahla in the oil-rich state of the Sultanate of Oman, I analyze how memories and interpretations of urban life play out in relation to people and practices understood to be at the margins of shifts that have come to define a town's contemporary history. The subjects of this dissertation are housewives, divorcees and widows who inhabit the town through their daily visiting, exchanges and stories. Their activities and conversations demonstrate unintended effects and re-workings of development projects, discourses and policies, as well as multiple, subtle and contradictory ways that the past is entangled in daily lives. Each chapter of this dissertation is structured along two intersecting axes. On the one hand, I focus on the material structures and technologies that Bahlawis associate with development and modernity, and, on the other, I examine related aspects of the mundane social world of women. Tacking back and forth between the two allows me both to investigate the materiality of abstract notions such as development and modernity, and to provide an account of the mundane and quotidian. Examining the material incarnations of development, such as settlement patterns and roads, plastic thermoses, abundant coffee, schools and piped water entangled in women's daily encounters, as well as discourses (including religious) surrounding these icons of development illustrates the complex ways they are helping to shape and being shaped by gendered sociality. Bringing these two axes together highlights how gendered sociality is not only, as numerous studies on women's networks have illustrated, a site in which one can observe social organization or mechanisms of solidarity and hierarchy. This dissertation argues that the configurations of sociality are also historically contingent as well as objects of shifting discourses, notions and practices of development, domesticity, heritage, history and religion.
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