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3 - Convention de partenariat FEXTE entre la SONEDE, l'AFD et Aquassay pour le projet d'amélioration des performances industrielles et environnementales de deux stations de dessalement à Djerba. Cet accord d'un montant de 202.000 euros (environ 650.000 dinars) vise à améliorer les performances de l'usine de dessalement d'eau de mer de Djerba, utilisant la technologie d'osmose inverse, afin d'en réduire les consommations d'énergie et de produits chimiques, tout en augmentant la durée de vie des membranes et en réduisant les rejets en mer des eaux de nettoyage des filtres et des membranes.
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Interview - Comment optimiser la gestion des différentes ressources hydriques existantes? Comment repenser nos grandes politiques à travers le prisme de l'eau? Comment assurer la continuité de la desserte en eau ...
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The shallow aquifer of Jerba Island is particularly sensitive to sea level rise (SLR) because the island's relief is very moderate and the altitude of the piezometric surface is close to zero. Seawater intrusion is widespread along the coast, but its amplitude varies from one area to another, depending on the groundwater abstraction rate induced by different economic patterns. The freshwater lens found in the eastern part of the island is likely protected by infiltration from the return of irrigation water and some wastewater. The aquifer water balance is artificial: fresh water import from the continent and desalinated water account for 400% of rainfall infiltration. In this study, we are digitally studying the impact of sea level rise (SLR) through the implementation of a 3D-FEFLOW salinity transport model for the shallow aquifer on Jerba Island. Changes in groundwater and sea water intrusion have been estimated under various climate change scenarios (RCP 8.5 and 4.5). Recharge, abstraction, discharge into the aquifer, precipitation and groundwater requirements were projected under the same scenarios. For each scenario, piezometric and salinity maps were simulated for the years 2030, 2050 and 2100. Simulations in the model show that the Jerba aquifer is especially sensitive to any increase in groundwater abstraction or decrease in water import and/or desalination. With an increasing water demand on the continent, it may become difficult to ensure a stable volume of freshwater imports from the continent. In this case, the survival of the freshwater lens will depend on increased use of non-conventional resources (treated sweat and desalination). This will be an essential element in preserving the orchards (palm and olive trees) and tourist activities that form the basis of the island's economy.
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Water scarcity can be a growth-limiting factor. Non-conventional water resources, such as desalinated water, represent an alternative means of guaranteeing access to water while reducing water stress. In this study, a contingent valuation survey carried out in Djerba Island, Tunisia, allows the joint modelling of two decisions: societal support for the construction of a desalination plant and households’ willingness to pay for desalinated water. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study to date has addressed this relationship. We find that although a clear majority of households are in favour of using desalinated water, far fewer are willing to pay for it. The article concludes that it is worth studying willingness to pay for desalinated water in developing countries in order to avoid investing in projects where it is doubtful that costs will be recouped.
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