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Algiers under Ottoman rule contained an elaborate system of barrani (literally ‘foreigner’) corporations whose members were united by occupational specialisation and ethnic or racial identity. These corporations managed their affairs semi-autonomously under the leadership of one or several of their members while remaining vulnerable to political authorities who could threaten to withdraw occupational concessions. By the early nineteenth century, the Mizabi corporation was among the most prominent at Algiers, enjoying a quasi-monopoly over commercial enterprises such as flour mills, butcher shops, and public baths. The 1830 French conquest of Algiers confronted Mizabi merchants with an excruciating dilemma. The stakes were enormous for these Muslim sectarians who (1) played a central role in the survival of their Saharan home community, (2) served as key links in Algerian communication networks, and (3) made vital economic contributions to coastal cities. The Saharan community’s political submission to an alien power seemed unthinkable; starvation resulting from French threats to cut off caravan links to the Mizab was equally unthinkable. This study examines the background and impact of the 1838 and 1850 decrees reorganising the barrani corporations of French-controlled Algeria. Buffeted and torn by the dilemmas of political accommodation and Saharan survival, Mizabi merchants demonstrated remarkable resilience during a turbulent and transitional era.
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À l’heure où la mobilité est accrue et les valeurs culturelles se dirigent de plus en plus vers l’unification, il nous a paru important d’observer les migrations des groupes diasporiques à fortes valeurs identitaires et d’analyser leurs territorialités et leurs dynamiques interculturelles. Ce travail ambitionne donc d’amorcer une étude géographique du phénomène migratoire diasporique. Il porte le regard sur l’analyse de l’espace migratoire qui se forme entre le lieu d’origine du groupe minoritaire et ses pôles d’installation avec un exemple précis sur la minorité ethnolinguistique et religieuse des Mozabites algériens qui migrent et s’approprient différents pôles dans le contexte interne et international. Le choix d’analyser plusieurs pôles d’installation (El-Eulma en Algérie, Marseille et Lille en France) et de mettre en rapport la migration interne et la migration internationale de ce groupe, a permis d’évaluer l’influence des différents facteurs sur la conception des phénomènes migratoires diasporiques. Il a aussi éclairé sur la manière dont l’appartenance identitaire est une variable que le groupe diasporique sollicite fortement pour former son espace et son système migratoire At a time when mobility is increasing and cultural values are moving more and more towards unification, it was important to observe the migration of diasporic groups with strong identity values and to analyze their territorialities and intercultural dynamics. This work aims to initiate a geographical study of the diasporic migratory phenomenon. It is concerned with the analysis of the migratory space between the original place of the minority group and its poles of settlement with the specific example of the ethnolinguistic and religious minority of the Algerian Mozabites who migrate and appropriate different clusters in the internal and international context. The choice of analyzing several installation clusters (El-Eulma in Algeria, Marseille and Lille in France) and to compare the internal migration with the international migration of this group, made it possible to evaluate the influence of the different factors on the design of diasporic migratory phenomena. It also enlightened on how identity belonging is a variable solicited by the diasporic group to form its space and its migratory system
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