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Constant, Y. (1979). La cité abadite de la Vallée du M’Zab [Thèse de 3e cycle]. Unité Pédagogique d’Architecture de Nancy.

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Mammeri, H. (1960). Évolution sociale du Mzab depuis le début du XXe siècle.
Bouali-Messahel, M. (2019). Types d’habitat et formes d’alternances saisonnières de l’habitat mozabite oasien : l’exemple de Béni Isguen [Thèse de doctorat]. Université Paris 10.

Les oasis de la vallée du M’Zab en Algérie, inscrites au patrimoine mondial de l’humanité, présentent une architecture et une morphologie urbaine exceptionnelles. Elles ont légitimement attiré depuis longtemps aussi bien l’attention des voyageurs, que celle des chercheurs et des aménageurs. Une particularité reste cependant largement méconnue : le mode de vie et l’habitat des Mozabites, qui se sont constitués en fonction des variations saisonnières. Aujourd’hui, l’opposition systématique entre la taddart dans les ksour et le akham dans les palmeraies est remise en cause par une urbanisation accélérée, une poussée démographique et un effacement progressif du rythme des saisons dans les déplacements domestiques et urbains. Si aujourd’hui la désignation des deux types d’habitat est toujours d’actualité, qu’en est-il de leurs caractéristiques formelles et de leurs modes d’habiter ? Ce travail se propose d’étudier l’évolution des inscriptions tant physiques que sociales de ces variations saisonnières dans les types d’habitat et la forme urbaine de l’oasis de Beni Isguen, l’une des cinq oasis de la pentapole de la vallée du M’Zab.
Aklil, Z. (1990). La jeune fille mozabite et ses accès à l’éducation (1980-1989) [Mémoire]. EHESS.
Kerbouche, S. (2004). L’eau dans l’espace urbain de la vallée du M’zab. Le cas de Ghardaïa.
Grémion, M. (1962). Guerrara, monographie d’oasis [Mémoire de DEA]. Université Lumière Lyon 2.
Durand, G. (1968). La société mzabite de Ghardaïa [Thèse de 3e cycle]. Université de Grenoble.
Aken, J. V. (1994). De Ibadiyya hun geschiedenis en leer Ibrahim Bayyud : een 20 e eeuwse Ibadi-shaykh in beschouwing genomen [Thèse de doctorat]. Universiteit Utrecht.
Aïssi, A. (1976). Architecture rurale à Jerba : habitat et mosquées [Mémoire de maitrise]. Université Paris 8.
Mourzagh, S. (2002). La communauté ibadite du M’Zab algérien des origines à nos jours [Mémoire de DEA]. Université Lille 3.
Challeat, C. (1994). L’urbanisation de la vallée du M’zab (Algérie) - Les transformations des palmeraies, l’exemple de la Ghardaïa [Mémoire]. Université Lumière Lyon 2.

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Chabbi, N. (1988). Towards a socio-cultural approch for the design of the house settlement system : a case study in Ghardaia, Algeria. University of Newcastle Upon Tyne.

Rapid urbanisation which is a characteristic of most developing countries, has led to the importation of readily available solutions and to an overgeneralisation of human needs. The main objective of this study is to relate design to man's social and cultural needs. First, the study demonstrates the relationship between cultural and social variables that influence house form and settlement patterns. This is followed by a comparative case study analysis of existing house-settlement systems in two residential areas; one a modern government built scheme, the other a traditional development, both in the M'Zab, in Southern Algeria. The main assumption was that traditional houses and settlements were culturally more responsive than their modern equivalents. However, results refuted this assumption and indicated that social change affected many of people's values and attitudes towards housing. This indicates that neither international modernism, in housing provision, nor an attempt to slavishly copy past indigenous solutions are likely to be successful. Through studying human-environmental behaviour and using multiple-methods strategies, it is possible to bridge the gap between design and social research. A reorientation of the educational system would help towards a better communication not only between different professional practices and disciplines, but also involving the lay people. Finally, this study suggests that designing for potential adaptability a characteristic of traditional design, reflects culture, and would not only accommodate change, but would also involve active participation by people and therefore raise the level of responsibilty and satisfaction. The research combined evidence from documentary sources and field surveys. A multiple-method strategy was adopted to compare the two settlement systems of the case study. This included direct observation, interviews and trade-off games. The interview survey included three groups of people: the users, the local planning authorities and the building contractors. By stressing the socio-cultural variables, this study does not deny the role of other variables. On the contrary, the author accepts that design activities should aim towards maintaining a balance between environmental factors and financial constraints. It is, however, argued that human needs must be given at least the same degree of importance, if workable solutions to the problem of rapid urbanisation are to be found.

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Laroui, M. (1987). Effects of privacy on the built form and the social construction in Ghardaïa, Algéria [Master]. University of Nottingham.
Benaïssa, S. (2008). Femmes mozabites et habitat à Guerrara (Algérie) : Etude sur l’adaptation culturelle à un nouveau type d’habitation [Mémoire de Master]. Université Paris 12.

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Boutaleb, M. M. (1966). Siedlungsgeographische Betrachtung Der Oase Ghardaia [Dissertation]. Université de Hambourg.
Daddi-Addoun, A. (1986). Approche Historique Et Socio-culturelle De La Communauté Ibadite : Le Cas Du Mzab. Institut Universitaire d’études du Développement.
Bouhdima, M. E. (n.d.). Language Maintenance and Language Shift among the Berbers Imazighen of Djerba Southern Tunisia. Institut Supérieur des Langues de Tunis.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of Amazigh Berber language in Djerba an island located in the south-east of Tunisia The study will focus on four Djerbian adjective from Djerba villages mentioned in previous publications Maamouri 1973 Pencheon 1983 as being Berberspeech zones namely Guellala Ajim El-Mai and Sedouikech Studying the plight of Amazigh language henceforth AL in these areas will include an investigation into the factors of language maintenance LM and those of language shift LS Put differently the study will be concerned not only with the factors underpinning AL maintenance but also with those contributing to the shift from AL to Tunisian Arabic henceforth TA the dominant language of Tunisia
Elouati, M. (2016). Tourisme alternatif : Les pratiques linguistiques chez les berbères de Djerba [Mémoire]. École Supérieure de Commerce de Tunis.
Ferjani, O. (2002). Berber a dying language in Djerba [Mémoire de maîtrise]. Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales.

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Gabsi, Z. (2003). An Outline of the Shilha (Berber) Vernacular of Douiret (Souther Tunisia) [Thèse de doctorat]. University of Western Sidney.

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