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ʿUmānī, H. b. S. b. T. b. Ṣāliḥ b. ʿArrāba al-. (1984). Dīwān Jawāhir al-Sulūk fī Madā’iḥ al-Mulūk wa-Tasliyat Ḥuzn al-ʿĀshiq al-Mahlūk (D. Sallūm, Ed.; 3rd ed.). Ministry of National Heritage and Culture. Fonds Martin Custers.

His father was Saʿīd b. Thānī b. Ṣāliḥ b. ʿArrāba. This edition is based on a copy (Muswadda) of a MS; both the original MS and its copy were written by the author himself; the copy of the original was copied 1342/1923-4

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Składanek, B. (1984). Elements of chronology of the Khārijite insurrection of Hamziyya in Sīstān (8th-9th Century): its outbreak and fall. Folia Orientalia, 22, 81–95. Fonds Martin Custers.

Mattes, H. (1984). L’emprise du politique sur le culturel en Libye révolutionaire. Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord, 67–78. Fonds Martin Custers. https://cinumed.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/collection/item/64981-l-emprise-du-politique-sur-le-culturel-en-libye-revolutionnaire?offset=11

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Raymond, A. (1984). Les quartiers de résidence des commerçants et artisans maghrébins au Caire aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Revue d’Histoire Maghrébine, 10(31–32), 355–364. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Peterson, J. E. (1984). Legitimacy and political change in Yemen and Oman. Orbis, 27(4), 971–998. Fonds Martin Custers.

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جبران, م. م. (1984). شعر الجهاد في ديوان الباروني. مجلة الشهيد, 5, 137–149. Fonds Martin Custers.

Khuṣaybī, M. b. R. b. ʿUzayyiz al-. (1984). Shaqā’iq al-Nuʿmān ʿalà Sumūṭ al-Jumān fī Asmā’ Shuʿarā’ ʿUmān (Vols. 1–3).

After the table of contents of vol. 1, thirteen pages with panegyrics by: ʿAbdl. b. ʿAlī al-Khalīlī, Mūsà b. Sālim al-Ruwāḥī, Ḥabrās b. Shubayṭ, Hilāl b. Sālim al-Siyābī, Abū Surūr [Ḥumayyid b.ʿAbdl. b. Ḥumayyid b. Surūr al-ʿUmānī], Aḥm. b. ʿAbdl. al-Ḥārithī, Hāshim b. ʿĪsà al-Ṭā’ī, Aḥm. b. Ḥamad al-Khalīlī, Muftī of Oman. Then five pages from the MS of the author, with a portrait of him. The Qaṣīda with the title of the book is on pp. 396-413 of vol. 1. The work was completed 4 Rab. II 1403/1983. The author lists Omani poets from the earliest times to the 21st century, with emphasis on the period from the 13th/19th century onwards. He gives examples of their poetry, says a few words on every poet, and on occasion makes short excursions on certain events, areas, tribes and sub-sections of tribes. In volume 2 for example, there is an excursion on the conquest of Oman by Mālik b. Fahm b. Ghānim b. Dūs al-Azdī al-Dūsī and his death at the hand of his son Sulayma when he was 120 years old (pp. 173-178). In this same volume, on pp. 191-197, he lists the Nabāhina kings until 1024/1615, and, speaking of the Nabāhina, he comes to speak of Ḥimyar b. Nāṣir b. Sayf b. Sul. b. Ḥimyar al-Nabhānī (1291-Jum. II 1338/1874-5 - 1920), whose father died 19 Dhū ‘l-Qaʿda 1293/1876, and on the discord between Sul. b Ḥimyar [al-Riyāmī] (d. 1998, a few years after his return to Oman from exile. See Mershen 2001) and Imam Ghālib b. ʿAlī al-Hinā’ī, (Imam 1954), who had to flee to Dammam in Saudi Arabia a few years later, together with his brother Ṭālib (who died in Cairo in 1401/1980-1) when Sultan Saʿīd b. Taymūr conquered the interior of Oman. On pp. 201-216 the author gives a list of the Imams of the Āl Yaḥmad and the Banū Kharūṣ (who are from the Āl Yaḥmad), who started governing Oman after the Julanda. On pp. 221-226, a list of the Yaʿāriba Imams, then of the rulers of the Āl Bū Saʿīd (pp. 226-242), with on pp. 242-243 a few words on Barghash b. Saʿīd al-Būsaʿīdī, Sultan of Zanzibar from 1870 to 1888. Khuṣaybī arranged the poets he lists in Ṭabaqas. The first Ṭabaqa are poets with Dīwāns, either printed or in manuscript, Majmūʿas or Muqaṭṭaʿāt. The second Ṭabaqa is of poets with Majmūʿas of poetry or Muqaṭṭaʿāt, but with almost no Dīwāns. The third Ṭabaqa are poets who composed panegyrics for Imams, kings and Emirs, with Dīwāns, printed or not, Majmūʿāt or Muqaṭṭaʿāt. The fourth Ṭabaqa is composed of the most famous poets, whose poems have been noted down and printed. Then, in the fifth Ṭabaqa, the author lists brilliant poets and scholars who wrote Urjūzas on al-Adyān wa’l-Aḥkām, Siyar, etc. In the sixth Ṭabaqa we see scholars and judges in the 14th/20th century, who wrote poems on all sorts of subjects, but who wrote no Urjūzas on al-Adyān wa’l-Aḥkām. Finally, in the seventh Ṭabaqa, Khuṣaybī lists poets who live in the 15th/21st century and wrote mainly questions and answers in rhyme on Fiqh, literature, etc. As for his sources, Khuṣaybī mentions them seldomly. Apart from the information he gathered himself, he quotes from Sālimī: Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān, Sālimī: Nahḍat al-Aʿyān, Ibn Ruzayq: al-Fatḥ al-Mubīn, Ibr. b. Saʿīd al-ʿIbrī’: Tabṣirat al-Muʿtabarīn, Anonymous: Kashf al-Ghumma. Although many of the poets listed (especially those living into the 21st century) produced poetry of a pure artistic nature, I copied the poets Khuṣaybī lists in this bibliography, because many of them were in their poetry inspired by local historical events, composed poems in praise of Imams and Sultans, and other persons or tribes or places. Zubayr 1991 clearly must have used Khuṣaybī’s work, and he is also quoted in Fārisī, Nāṣir b. Manṣūr 1994.

Le Cour Grandmaison, C. (1984). L’eau de vendredi. Droits d’eau et hiérarchie sociale en Sharqiya (Sultanat d’Oman). Études rurales, (93–94), 7–42. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Ess, J. van. (1984). Yazīd b. Unaisa und Abū ʿĪsà al-Isfahānī: zur Konvergenz zweier sektierischer Bewegungen. In R. Traini (Ed.), Studi in onore di Francesco Gabrieli nel suo ottantesimo compleano (Vols. 1–2, pp. 301–313). Dipartimento di studi orientali. Fonds Martin Custers.

Yazīd b. Unaisa was an Ibāḍī who started a sectarian movement predicting a new religion, in which Muslims and Jews, and perhaps also Christians, would be absorbed. Abū ʿĪsà al-Isfahānī was a Jew who started a sectarian movement, in which Muḥammad was recognized as a prophet.

Scholz, F. (1984). Falaj-Oasen in Sharqiya, Inner-Oman. Die Erde, 115(4), 273–294. Fonds Martin Custers.

Summary: Little is known about the genesis and the spacial structure of the settlements in Inner-Oman, South-east Arabia. The present paper describes the situation of the settlements and oases in the central region of Inner-Oman by means of three case studies. The older oases and their villages show a more irregular spatial pattern than the younger ones, owing to the social-tribal structures of the settlers, their religious customs and the existing water laws. The existence of all oases in Inner-Oman depends upon an underground watercollecting-system, the so-called Falaj, which has been common throughout Inner-Oman since several centuries. On the Ḥārithī-oases al-Darīz, al-Qābil and al-ʿIzz; the Ḥajariyyūn-oases al-Mintirib, al-Ghabbī, Jāḥis, Shāhiq and Hawayah (Ḥawiyya).

Cianferotti, G. (1984). Giuristi e mondo accademico di fronte all’impresa di Tripoli. A. Giuffrè.

Kudamī, A. S. M. b. S. al-. (1984). Kitāb al-Muʿtabar (M. Abū ‘l-Ḥasan, Ed.; Vol. 1). Ministry of National Heritage and Culture. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Batran, A. A. (1984). Islam and revolution in Africa. Amana Books. Fonds Martin Custers.

Anderson, L. S. (1984). Ninteenth-Century Reform in Ottoman Libya. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16(3), 325–348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800028208

The history of political change in Libya during the nineteenth century has been obscured by subsequent events in the Middle East and North Africa. A relatively unimportant province of the Ottoman Empire, it went to the least important European colonial power in the region – Italy – and the Italian tenure destroyed much of the legacy of Ottoman reform. Even contemporary observers in the nineteenth century usually viewed the province through a prism whose primary focus was elsewhere, leaving distorted and partial accounts of the changes wrought by the Ottoman administration. This lacuna in the literature has hindered comprehensive assessment of the Ottoman reform period and, perhaps as seriously, distorted interpretation of Libya's subsequent political history.

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Ibn Baraka, A. M. ʿAbdallāh. (1984). Kitāb al-Taʿāruf. Ministry of National Heritage and Culture. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Siyābī, K. b. J. al-. (1984). Faṣl al-Khiṭāb fī ‘l-Mas’ala wa’l-Jawāb (Vols. 1–2). Ministry of National Heritage and Culture. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Būsaʿīdī, S. b. ʿAbdallāh al-. (1984). Kitāb al-Akhbār wa’l-Āthār (Vol. 1). Ministry of National Heritage and Culture. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Būsaʿīdī, M. b. K. al-. (1984). Kitāb Lubāb al-Āthār al-wārida ʿalà ‘l-Awwalīn wa’l-Muta’akhkharīn al-Akhyār. Ṣanna-fahu Aḥad al-Fuqahā’ (ʿAbd al-Ḥafīz Shalabī, Ed.; Vol. 1). Ministry of National Heritage and Culture. Fonds Martin Custers.

Basyāwī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-. (1984). Jāmiʿ Abī ‘l-Ḥasan al-Basyāwī (Vol. 1). Ministry of National Heritage and Culture. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Khalīlī, A. b. Ḥamad al-. (1984). Jawāhir al-Tafsīr. Anwār min Bayān al-Tanzīl (Vol. 1). Makt. al-Istiqāma. Fonds Martin Custers.

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