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Hāshimī, al-K. ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. (2004). Waqʿat al-Nahrawān aw al-Khawārij. Mu’assasat al-Tārīkh al-ʿArabī li’l-Ṭibāʿa wa’l-Nashr wa’l-Tawzīʿ. Fonds Martin Custers.

قطب, س. (1948). فلسفة الخوارج. الشهاب, 15.

Najjār, ʻĀmir. (2005). Fī madhāhib al-Islāmīyīn: al-Khawārij, al-Ibāḍīyah, al-Shīʻah. al-Hay’a al-Miṣriyya al-ʿĀmma li’l-Kitāb. Fonds Martin Custers.

Pampus, K.-H., & Schwartz, W. (1980). Über die Rolle der H̲āriǧīya im frühen Islam [suivi de] Jihād unter Muslimen. Harrassowitz Verlag. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Wellhausen, J. (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam: (1) die Chavārig; (2) die Schia. Abhandlungen der Könichlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 5(2), 3–99. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Ghuṣn, S. b. Ṣāliḥ. (2009). al-Khawārij. Nash’atuhum, Firaquhum, Ṣifātuhum, al-Radd ʿalà Abraz ʿAqā’idihim. Dār Kunūz Ishbīliyā li’l-Nashr wa’l-Tawzīʿ. Fonds Martin Custers.

Farḥāt, A. (2009). al-Khawārij fī ‘l-Tārīkh wa’l-Siyāsa wa’l-Fiqh wa-ʿIlm al-Kalām wa’l-Khuṭab wa’l-Shiʿr wa’l-Ṭarā’if (Vols. 1–2). Dār al-Maḥajja al-Bayḍā’. Fonds Martin Custers.

Khalidi, T. (2002). The poetry of the Khawārij: violence and salvation. In T. Scheffler (Ed.), Religion between violence and reconciliation (pp. 109–122). Ergon Verlag. Fonds Martin Custers. https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/incopyright/content/pageview/2196998

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Wagemakers, J. (2012). ‘Seceders’ and ‘Postponers’? An Analysis of the ‘Khawarij’ and ‘Murji’a’ Labels in Polemical Debates between Quietist and Jihadi-Salafis. In J. Deol & Z. Kazmi (Eds.), Contextualising Jihadi thought. Hurst.

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Makin, A. (2013). From Musaylima to the Khārijite Najdiyya. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 51(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2013.511.33-60

<p>This paper tries to reconstruct the following accounts: the defeat of Musaylima and the death of his prominent followers, and the rise of the Khārijite Najdiyya in Yamama. Moreover, this study seeks the evidence which points to the possible connection between Musaylima’s movement and the Khārijite Najdiyya. This paper highlights that many founders and prominent leaders of the Khārijites, and particularly the Najdiyya sect, came from the tribe of Ḥanīfa, to which Musaylima belonged. This, among other things, seems to have become the main impulse of attraction for the people of Ḥanīfa to join the sect. Additionally, the ‘characteristics’ and the ‘image’ of the Najdiyya reflect those of Musaylima. This leads us to conjecture that the people of Ḥanīfa, having failed to defend their prophet Musaylima and the land of Yamāma against the Medinan caliphate under Abū Bakr in the Battle of ‘Aqraba, later joined the Khārijite Najdiyya.</p><p> [Artikel ini menjelaskan kekalahan Musaylima dan kematian pengikut-pengikut utamanya serta kemunculan aliran Khawārij Najdiyya di Yamāma. Melalui artikel ini, penulis membuktikan relasi antara gerakan Musaylima dan Khawārij Najdiyya. Ini bisa dibuktikan dengan mencermati fakta bahwa sebagian pendiri dan tokoh utama Khawārij, utamanya sekte Najdiyya, berasal dari suku Ḥanīfa suku yang juga menjadi asal muasal Musaylima. Kesamaan suku inilah dan beberapa faktor lainnya nampaknya menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi orang-orang suku Ḥanīfa untuk bergabung dengan sekte Najdiyya. Selain itu, ‘karakteristik’ dan ‘imej’ sekte Najdiyya yang menyerupai gerakan Musaylima adalah hal lain yang turut menguatkan asumsi tersebut. Pandangan inilah yang kemudian mengantarkan penulis pada kesimpulan bahwa setelah gagal mempertahankan nabi mereka, Musaylima, dan wilayah mereka, Yamāma, melawan khilafah Islam di Madinah yang dipimpin Abū Bakr, suku Ḥanīfa memilih memberontak dan bergabung dengan sekte Khawārij Najdiyya.]</p>

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Jansen, J. J. G. (1986). The early Islamic movement of the Kharidjites and modern Moslem extremism: similarities and differences. Orient, 27(1), 127–135. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Timani, H. S. (2005). The role of Khārijī thought in modern Arab intellectual history. Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, 7(1), 143–167. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Higgins, A. C. (2005). Faces of exchanges, facets of exchange in early Shurāt (Khārijī) poetry. Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, 7(1), 7–38. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Ghazal, A. N. (2005). Khārijism and Ibāḍism: the quest for an integrative approach to Islamic history. Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, 7(1), 1–4. Fonds Martin Custers.

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El-Nasser, R. A. (1986). Morroco, from Khārijism to Wahhābism: the quest for religious purism. University of Michigan.

Brünnow, R.-E. (1884). Die Charidschiten unter den ersten Omayyaden: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des ersten islamischen Jahrhunderts. Brill. Fonds Martin Custers.

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