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الملخص: لهذا البحث عناصر علمية مهمة مرتبطة بالعلوم الشرعية، التي من أهمها علم التفسير القرآني، وعلم الفقه بما يشتمل عليه من فروع، من خلال كتاب فقهي يتعرض فيه صاحبه إلى ذكر الآيات القرآنية وبيان المعاني المتعلقة بها، وهو في ذلك يعتمد على طريقة المفسرين بالمأثور وبالرأي، ثم يظهر المعنى الذي يراه في النصّ القرآني. من الأسباب التي دفعتني إلى اختيار هذا الموضوع ارتباطه بعلم التفسير الذي له الشرف والرفعة، وما يتصل بالجانب الفقهي في كتاب الإيضاح الذي يزخر بالمعاني التفسيرية، لتتحدد رؤية مؤلفه في الوسط العلمي بين أهل العلم والمعرفة. إن للموضوع أهميته التي يستمدها مما ينتسب إليه من علم، فمن جهة له اتصاله الوثيق بدرجات العلم والعلماء، ومن جهة أخرى له ارتباط بالقرآن الكريم وعلومه، وبعلم التفسير للنص القرآني وما له من دلالات وإرشادات ربانية، ومن جهة ثالثة له ارتباط بعلم الفقه وفروعه المتعددة التي طرقها صاحب الإيضاح في كتابه. وله ارتباط بما قدمه طائفة من علماء المسلمين ممن ينتمون إلى جبل نفوسة وما حولها، فقد تأكد ارتباطهم بعلم التفسير والاهتمام به. مشكلة الدراسة تكمن في البحث عن الاهتمام بالتفسير القرآني لدى المذهب الإباضي، في المؤلفات الجامعة لأبواب العلوم الشرعية من التوحيد والفقه وغيرها، فهل نجد لذلك أثرا في المؤلفات الإباضية؟ ويتفرع عن ذلك الأسئلة التالية: ما مدى الاهتمام بالتفسير عند علماء المذهب الإباضي؟ هل يوجد في كتاب الإيضاح ربط بين علم الفقه وعلم التفسير؟ ما المنهج الذي اتبعه صاحب كتاب الإيضاح في آرائه التفسيرية؟ وهل اعتمد في الآراء التفسيرية على طريقة التفسير بالأثر أم بالرأي أم جمع بينهما؟ تكمن أهداف هذا البحث في النقاط التالية: إبراز الاهتمامات التفسيرية لدى فقهاء المذهب الإباضي. بيان الترابط بين علم التفسير وعلم الفقه في منظومة تكاملية. إظهار المنهج الذي يتبعه مؤلف كتاب الإيضاح من طرق التفسير في آرائه التفسيرية. إبراز أثر المزج بين طرائق التفسير فيما ينتجه علماء التفسير خدمة للنص القرآني. قد اعتمدت في هذا البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي من بين المناهج البحثية. عرضت مادة البحث في تمهيد ومبحثين مع المقدمة والخاتمة: يتضمن التمهيد تعريفا بالشماخي ومكانته العلمية، جاء في المبحث الأول بيان لطريقة التفسير بالمأثور عند الشماخي، ونماذج للآراء التفسيرية بهذه الطريقة من كتاب الإيضاح، والمبحث الثاني جاء فيه بيان لطريقة التفسير بالرأي عند الشماخي، ونماذج من آرائه التفسيرية بها، ثم الخاتمة وفيها أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث. والحمد لله رب العالمين أولا وأخيرا،

Bagamoyo, ville de la côte swahilie en Tanzanie actuelle, a été un point névralgique de la traite des esclaves en Afrique de l’Est du xixe siècle au début du xxe siècle. Dans ce contexte, les missionnaires catholiques ont racheté de nombreux esclaves pour les convertir. Une fois mariés, ces anciens esclaves étaient installés dans des villages chrétiens. Cet article retrace la trajectoire d’un de ces couples, à l’échelle individuelle, à travers l’éclairage des registres paroissiaux. Ces archives se révèlent utiles pour retracer les parcours d’émancipation, en particulier du point de vue de la famille, domaine central de la politique missionnaire. Le jeune couple navigue dès lors, en fonction d’opportunités genrées, entre l’insertion dans une communauté affective et religieuse chrétienne, et les réseaux économiques d’appartenance alternatifs offerts dans les villes de la côte swahilie, en dehors du cadre de la mission.

The Musnad Rabi' bin Habib book contains the hadiths of the Prophet SAW which were narrated by Imam Rabi' bin Habib as the third Ibadi imam from the khawarij group of the al-Ibadiyah sect. The existence of this book has become the center of attention for several scholars regarding the period of codification and the quality of the hadith in it. Apart from that, this book was also declared an authentic hadith book by al-Ibadiyah himself because the hadiths in it were in accordance with the ideology they adhered to. This research aims to look further at how this hadith book can be declared as an authentic hadith book for al-Ibadiyah as well as some criticisms from hadith scholars. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a library research type of research and uses a socio-historical approach. This socio-historical approach is used to see the history of this hadith book so that it can be called an authentic hadith book for al-Ibadiyah himself. The results of this research provide evidence of the extent to which the book Musnad Rabi' bin Habib is an authentic hadith book of Khawarij al-Ibadiyah which has become a reference and has received a lot of criticism from several hadith scholars.

The project is focused on exploring the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (EBA) occupations of Ras Al Jinz RJ-3. This site remained un touched until recent excavation efforts by Time of Magan, revealing that during the Umm an-Nar period, RJ-3 likely constituted a part of a larger settlement in conjunction with RJ-2, situated across the bay. Findings from five seasons of excavation suggest not only the existence of craft-centred zones during this era, but also evidence of earlier settlements associated with daily life. The project’s goal is to gather new information from these settlements, thereby highlighting the way of life of southeastern Arabian communities. The study of village life, social interactions, activity organisation, and economic diversification at the community level, will provide new insights into the factors that led to the EBA complexification, and will help determining the influence of local and foreign contributions. Fur thermore, the excavation of RJ-3 concludes a comprehensive series of investigations into the EBA occupations of the bay, illuminating a pivotal complex where both settlement evidence and funerary remains have been meticulously examined. New explorations in the bay will also contribute to the museumification of Ras Al Jinz and support its nomination for inclusion in the UNESCO Heritage List.

During the 6th season of investigations, the Omani-Polish expedition researched previously unexcavated sites in the micro-region of Qumayrah in the Al Hajar Mountains: QA 20, located near Ayn Bani Saydah, and QB 2, near the village of Bilt. The exploration at QB 2 uncovered a substantial Umm an-Nar settlement, offering insight into its layout and architecture, despite the challenges of removing layers of stone rubble. Additionally, the preliminary documentation of a round stone structure, likely of Umm an-Nar origin, was undertaken at QB 6. QA 20, an Iron Age II hilltop site, revealed an unexpectedly advanced organisation of space, resembling urban planning more than a rural settlement, challenging previous assumptions.

Project VirtuHalban investigates an Early Bronze Age funerary site at Halban, on an elevated coastal terrace where the Al Batinah coastal plain meets the Hajar Al Gharbi mountain ridge. These well-preserved monumental tombs, some reaching heights of over four metres, are significant markers of their era. Research suggests that the Halban tombs may span two distinct periods: the Hafit period (c. 3100-2600 BCE) and the Umm an-Nar period (c. 2600-2100 BCE), indicating a transition in tomb design during the Bronze Age. The project also investigates building techniques and materials employed in tomb construction, potentially having cultural or chronological significance. Excavation of tomb HAL021 during the 2023 season yielded valuable insights into its contents, including small beads and human remains, providing potential clues about the people buried in the tomb and their cultural practices. To enhance documentation, the researchers used 3D/virtual recording techniques, allowing for precise spatial mapping and the creation of 3D models and panoramas.

In the western Jabal Akhdar Dome of northeastern Oman and within the Neoproterozoic Huqf Supergroup, well-exposed sedimentary formations span the Cryogenian to Ediacaran periods. These rocks bear the marks of the distant Cadomian Orogeny. Among these formations, the youngest corresponds to the diverse Ediacaran Fara Formation, partly time-equivalent to the Ara Group in the subsurface of Oman. Our study extensively examined the Fara Formation’s lithologies, stratigraphy, and syndepositional deformation features to shed light on the Late Ediacaran geological evolution of eastern Arabia. Through meticulous analysis, several key findings and confirmations of previous research emerged from our investigation: (1) the Fara Formation can be categorized into three distinct members (in ascending vertical succession FA1, FA2 and FA3); (2) while FA1 and FA2 members display signs of Cadomian D1 deformation, FA3 Member does not show any evidence of D1 deformation; (3) the first description of the fossil Palaeopascichnus assigns an Ediacaran age to the entire Fara Formation; (4) the volcaniclastic rocks within the Fara Formation are geochemically similar to Hormuz’s volcanics from the same period; and (5) carbonates and siliciclastic rocks of FA1 and FA2 formed within a probably NW/SE-striking back-arc basin associated with Cadomian subduction, while FA3′s siliciclastic rocks unconformably overlie the latter members.

The project aims at enriching the debate on the nature of the settlement sites, the emergence of socio-economic complexity and the human-environment relationships in the Southern foothills region of Oman in the Early Bronze age. It is based on an extensive survey, a geoarchaeological and hydrological study in the region comprised between Al Arid and Bat (UNESCO site), and excavations at the recently discovered site of Al Arid (15 km NW of Bat). The approach is holistic and interdisciplinary and relies on specialists from the CNRS and universities, post-doctoral researchers and students. The team is composed of archaeologists, geoarchaeologists, hydrologists, biological anthropologists, geophysicist, archaeobotanist, specialists of pottery (formal typologies, physico-chemical and petrographic analyses of pastes), Geographic Information Systems and photogrammetry. After four seasons of work, we know that Al Arid was inhabited during two main phases: in the Early Bronze age and the Late Islamic period. In the Bronze age, the site appears as a regionally important centre. The discoveries are varied and sometimes exceptional: 7 towers concentrated on 25 ha, a material, local and exogen, including a superb copper alloy axe; from the beginning of the Bronze Age it seems: a copper metallurgical workshop, a canal for diverting the course of the wadi and 99 Hafit-type tombs among them two have been excavated ; dated to the Umm an-Nar period: a settlement sector (including a house that has been completely excavated), 9 tombs. These discoveries allow us to consider that communities lived there, on a recurrent, if not permanent basis, very early in history, relying on irrigation, a mastery of copper technology and exchanges with the coastal region and Mesopotamia. The mission is also heavily involved in the protection and enhancement of the region’s heritage, working alongside the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism on the Visitor Centre project of Bat.