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الحمداني, ط. ن. (1989). الرحالة البرتغاليون في الخليج العربي خلال القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر. الوثيقة, 7(14), 190–217. Fonds Martin Custers.

Portuguese, Turkish, British and Arab published sources are treated, as well as source-material and foreign and Arab studies. The Omani sources have almost neglected the events of the Portuguese invasion of the Arab Gulf altogether. Possible reasons for this are given by Ghannām 1979 (here pp. 205-204). Ḥamadānī, Ṭāriq Nāfiʿ al-: Dirāsa fī ‘l-Wathā’iq wa’l-Maṣādir al-manshūra ʿan il-Ghazw wa’l-Sayṭara al-Burtughāliyya fī ‘l-Khalīj al-ʿArabī. Al-Wathīqa (Bahrain), 6th year nr. 12 (Jum. I 1408/Jan. 1988), 80-103.
Lewicki, T. (1988). Les sources ibāḍites de l’histoire médiévale de l’Afrique du Nord. Africana Bulletin, 35, 31–42. Fonds Martin Custers.

Lewicki mentions the following works, with references to translations of them and articles related to them: - The chronicle of Ibn al-Ṣaghīr of which we find extracts in Abū ‘l-Faḍl Abū ‘l-Qāsim al-Barrādī and in Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥm. al-Shammākhī; - Kitāb al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma by Abū Zakariyyā’ Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr al-Warjlānī; - Kitāb al-Siyar by Abū ‘l-Rabīʿ Sul. b. ʿAbd al-Salām al-Wisyānī; - Siyar al-Mashāyikh by an anonymous author; - Dhikr Asmā’ baʿḍ Shuyūkh al-Wahbiyya, an appendix to Shammākhī’s Kitāb al-Siyar; - Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Saʿīd al-Darjīnī: Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh; - Abū ‘l-Faḍl Abū ‘l-Qāsim al-Barrādī al-Dammarī: Kitāb al-Jawāhir al-Muntaqāt; - Tasmiyat Mashāhid al-Jabal by an anonymous author, in Shammākhī’s Siyar; - Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-Shammākhī: Kitāb al-Siyar; - Ibn Salām b. ʿUmar (see Schwarz 1986, apparently not yet known to Lewicki); - Motylinski 1908b.

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Lewicki, T. (1988). The role of the Sahara and Saharians in relationships between North and South. In M. ibn ʿAbd al-Wāḥid al-Fāsī & I. Hrbek (Eds.), General history of Africa: Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh century (Vol. 3, pp. 276–313). Heinemann. Fonds Martin Custers.
Grummon, S. R. (1987). The 1820 expedition to the Gulf and the decline of British commercial shipping: the paradox of the cost of security. In J. P. Piscatori & G. S. Harris (Eds.), Law, personalities, and politics of the Middle East: essays in honor of Majid Khadduri (pp. 238–254). Westview Press. Fonds Martin Custers.
Gouja, M. (1986). Les communautés ibāḍites au Maghreb: réflexions sur leur rapport au pouvoir, à la sexualité et à la mort. Peuples Méditerranéens, 34, 43–63. Fonds Martin Custers.
Holsinger, D. C. (1986). Muslim Responses to French Imperialism: An Algerian Saharan Case Study. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 19(1), 1–15. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.2307/218692

The political events that preceded French occupation of Mīzāb, based mainly on French archivial materials. The awkward position of the Mīzābīs between French superior military power, which could easily destroy their trading activities in the North if they would not submit to French demands, and the threat of attaques on them by rebels in the South and their nomadic supporters if they would openly submit to the French and support them. This dilemma led to fierce internal strife in Mīzāb.

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Le Cour Grandmaison, C. (1984). L’eau de vendredi. Droits d’eau et hiérarchie sociale en Sharqiya (Sultanat d’Oman). Études rurales, (93–94), 7–42. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Bulliet, R. W. (1983). Réponse de Richard Bulliet [à Gianfranco Fiaccadori]. Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 38(2), 475–476. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1983.410992
Fiaccadori, G. (1983). Kharidjites et donatistes. Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 38(2), 470–474. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1983.410991

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Hoexter, M. (1983). Taxation des corporations professionnelles d’Alger à l’époque turque. Revue de l’Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, (36), 19–39. Fonds Martin Custers.

The permanent Muslim population of Algiers and the Jewish community, as well as the Barrāniyya (people from outside the city) are mentioned. The Barrāniyya were organized in six corporations: people from Mīzāb, Biskra, Djidjilī, Laghouat, the tribe of Mzīṭa, and the liberated blacks. Sources for this study have been: books of travellers and foreign consuls residing in Algiers in the period in question (end 17th century-1830), registers of the Turkish government of Algiers, including the Tachrifāt, and documents and official publications of the first years of the French occupation.

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Lewicki, T. (1983). Études maghrébines et soudanaises (Vol. 2). Editions Scientifiques de Pologne. Fonds Martin Custers.

The three studies in this second volume treat Arab voyages to the Canaries in the 10th-14th centuries on the basis of contemporary Arabic sources (pp. 9-31); the word Mansa, which was the title of the old kings of the Mandinga state of Mali (32-41); the role of the eastern and northern Sahara in the establishment of relations between Egypt and North Africa on one side, and western Sudan on the other side, in the High Middle Ages. The latter part deals also with the role Berber-Ibāḍī tribes played in establishing relations between Islamic North Africa and the Sudan (42-96).

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الحرير, ا. ص. (1983). العلاقات الأقتصادية والثقافية ببن الدولة الرستمية وبلدان جتوب الصحراء الكبرى وائرها في نشر الإسلام هناك. مجلة البحوث التاريخية, 5(1), 75–87. Fonds Martin Custers.
Kirkman, J. S. (1982). Omani relations with East Africa before the arrival of the Portuguese. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 12, 35–38. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Oman, G. (1982). Personal names in the regional areas of the Sultanate of Oman. Materials for the study of Arabic anthroponymy. Annali Dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale Di Napoli, 42, 528–564. Fonds Martin Custers.

This is the third study on the Arabic anthroponomy of the Sultanate of Oman. It concerns the personal names of the telephone subscribers of 17 regional areas which form the third part of the telephone directory of the Sultanate, taken as a basis for the research. The first study dealt with the personal names of the Southern Region (Personal names in the Southern Region (Ẓufār) of the Sultanate of Oman. Oriente Moderno (Rome), vol. 60 (1980), 181-195), while the second included the names of the so called Capital Area (Cahiers d’Onomastique Arabe. Paris: CNRS, 1981). On pp. 529-530 a list of regions with the particular religious beliefs of the tribes, as far as information was available.
Holsinger, D. C. (1980). Migration, Commerce and Community: the Mīzābīs in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Algeria. The Journal of African History, 21(1), 61–74. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700017862

The Mīzāb is an Ibādī community consisting of seven cities clustered in an arid rocky region 350 miles south of Algiers. Having established these settlements nearly a millennium ago, the Mīzābīs, as the inhabitants came to be known, struggled against formidable environmental odds and managed not only to survive but to prosper. By the sixteenth century the Mīzāb had become an important northern Saharan market. During the following centuries, the Maghrib witnessed a remarkable movement of Mīzābī men to coastal cities where they attained prominence in a variety of professions while leaving their roots firmly implanted within their distant oasis community. Following a brief historical background to settlement in the Mīzāb, this article sketches the ecological constraints of an urban community in a region virtually devoid of resources. It then traces the history of the commercial dispersion to the North during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the probable causes of emigration. The Mīzābīs were forced by environmental constraints to seek outside sources of support. Their rise to prominence in the Regency of Algiers may have been related to declining Saharan commerce and new commercial opportunities in the North. The organization and function of Mīzābī corporations in Algiers and other northern cities are described. Finally, this article relates an Ibāçī reform ethic to Mīzābī commercial success and concludes with some reflections on religious ideology and environmental demands as contributing factors to the long-term Mīzābī role in commerce.

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Holsinger, D. C. (1980). Trade routes of the Algerian Sahara in the nineteenth century. Revue de l’Occident Musulman et de La Méditerranée, (30), 57–70. Fonds Martin Custers.

A study of the impact of French imperialism on northern Saharan trade. Mīzāb’s important role in this trade

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Ibn ʿAbd al-Jalīl, M. (1980). Iʿtiqādāt al-Muʿtazila wa’l-Qadariyya wa’l-Ṣifatiyya wa’l-Ḥashawiyya wa-Firaqihā min K. al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān, Ta’līf Abī Saʿīd Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Azdī al-Qalhātī. Ḥawliyyāt al-Jāmiʿa al-Tūnisiyya, 18, 89–214. Fonds Martin Custers.

Chapters 25, 37-43 from K. al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān. based on MS Or. 2606 in the British Museum and on a MS in Makt. al-Quṭb. Chapters 26-36, that treat non-islamic “sects”, are left out; chapters 44-50, on the remaining islamic sects, will hopefully be published soon.
Lodhi, A. Y. (1986). The Arabs in Zanzibar: from Sultanate to People’s Republic. Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, 7(2), 404–418. Fonds Martin Custers.
Wright, J. (1987). [Review of Review: Enver Pascha: (1918) Um Tripolis. München: Hugo Bruckman Verlag, 1918, (101,1pp.; 22,5x15 cm., paper), by P. Enver]. The Maghreb Review, 12(1–2), 51–52. Fonds Martin Custers.
Çaycı, A. (1982). Guma isyanı öncesinde Fransa’nın Trablusgarb siyaseti. Belleten, (182), 323–335. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1982.323

[France’s Tripolitania policy before the rebellion of Ghūma]

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