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This study aims to describe the aspects of socio-cultural transformation from old to modern and to explain the process of socio-cultural change in Oman through Sayyidātul Qomar's novel by using a socio-cultural approach and socio-cultural theory by Koentjaningrat. The object of this research is the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy, which was published by the publisher Dār al-Ādāb in 2010 in Beirut, Lebanon. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method using data collection techniques in the form of a literature study. The results showed that the aspects of socio-cultural transformation that occurred in Oman in the novel were the religious/belief system, society, education/knowledge, economy, government and technology, and life equipment. The process of socio-cultural transformation from old to modern is divided into two, namely, the driving factors for the transformation and the problems/conflicts in the transformation process. These driving factors include political factors (changes in the power system), economic crises (trade crises), feminism (women's struggles for their rights as women), and open society systems (birth of new generations). These problems/conflicts include the conflict between science and the supernatural, the rebels and the Omani government, the human world and the Jinn, and the enslaver and enslaved person.

La Tunisie, qui est connue comme étant une destination du tourisme de masse, a été peu résiliente face aux crises. Ainsi, en rapport au changement de la demande qui est devenue plus sensible à l’authenticité de lieux, nous assistons à des challenges de lancement des destinations par les territoires. À cet effet, un nouveau paradigme de développement touristique est en train de challenger, il s’agit des DMO qui se présentent comme de nouvelles structures de gouvernance qui permettent le développement touristique par le territoire : en termes de marketing et de gestion. La « destination Dahar » s’avère une expérience pionnière pour développer un tourisme durable dans un territoire authentique à l’intérieur de la Tunisie. Par ailleurs, la « Destination Djerba » constitue un challenge de relancer une nouvelle image d’une zone du tourisme balnéaire de masse en fin de cycle. Ces deux expériences sont portées par les acteurs territoriaux qui sont soutenus par des organismes étrangers de coopération internationale.

The island of Djerba is a tourist destination in the southeastern semi-arid region of Tunisia. Especially during peak tourism seasons, it experiences severe pressure on its water supply. Given the island’s historical water scarcity, locals have developed solutions to address the shortage, with one of the most notable being the rainwater harvesting and storage system. This system has evolved intricately over time, with meticulous attention to construction details, material selection, maintenance, and management strategies. This article posits that embracing and disseminating traditional rainwater harvesting knowledge can play a pivotal role in achieving sustainable water management. It also raises the question of whether fostering cultural heritage through a sustainable tourism orientation, aimed at highlighting heritage, aligns with this objective.

Two species are newly reported for the Arabian Peninsula and eight new records for the Sultanate of Oman. Brief comments are provided on the phytogeography and ecology of these species. Most new records have been made from the botanically very poorly known or unexplored mountainous areas of northern Oman, including Musandam and poorly collected areas in Dhofar. These additional records raise the total number of known taxa in the national flora of Oman to 1417.

This is a story of failure and success, of disappointment and elation. World wars, a market glutted with cheap oil and geologists unable to access areas of interest hampered the search. Early expeditions provided the first maps of the mountains and Dhofar, and glimpses of the geology of the interior, but no evidence of oil.

The strategic location of North Africa has led to cultural and demographic shifts, shaping its genetic structure. Historical migrations brought different genetic components that are evident in present-day North African genomes, along with autochthonous components. The Imazighen (plural of Amazigh) are believed to be the descendants of autochthonous North Africans and speak various Amazigh languages, which belong to the Afro-Asiatic language family. However, the arrival of different human groups, especially during the Arab conquest, caused cultural and linguistic changes in local populations, increasing their heterogeneity. We aim to characterize the genetic structure of the region, using the largest Amazigh dataset to date and other reference samples. Our findings indicate microgeographical genetic heterogeneity among Amazigh populations, modeled by various admixture waves and different effective population sizes. A first admixture wave is detected group-wide around the twelfth century, whereas a second wave appears in some Amazigh groups around the nineteenth century. These events involved populations with higher genetic ancestry from south of the Sahara compared to the current North Africans. A plausible explanation would be the historical trans-Saharan slave trade, which lasted from the Roman times to the nineteenth century. Furthermore, our investigation shows that assortative mating in North Africa has been rare.

Aflaj refers to a traditional irrigation system found in Oman, which has been used for centuries to sustainably manage groundwater resources. These resources play a vital role in meeting various consumption needs, including agriculture, domestic, and industrial. The article, for the first time, introduces the concept of “hydraulics of aflaj”, emphasizing the importance of accurate information about interaction of falaj and aquifer and also flow within their tunnels. The study utilizes the mechanisms of horizontal wells to simulate the interaction between the aquifer and the falaj tunnel, employing the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin numerical model to compute groundwater head of aquifer. The model is applied to a real test case in the Loba aquifer of Malaysia, demonstrating improved accuracy compared to previous models based on evaluation indices such as MAE, RMSE, MAPE, NSE and p-bias. The findings of the proposed model show good agreement.

Developmental Structuralism in the Story of 'Abur sekak Al-hāra wa nāī fī jabī' by Omani author Hamad al-Mukhinī based on Lucien Goldman's theory Abstract Sociology is a science that studies human societies and how they are affected by events. The relationship between literature and society is a reciprocal one in which literature is influenced by society and vice versa. The sociology of literature has undergone many changes since its inception and one of the theories that has contributed to this transformation is theories (Lucien Goldman's developmental structuralism). There are many writers who paid attention to their societies and its events, and the Omani writer Hamad al-Mukhinī did not shy away from the issues of his society, but addressed them in his texts. The present study, following the critique of the developmental structuralism of the story 'Abur sekak Al-hāra wa nāī fī jabī', has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and examine the components of this theory in the story. The most important axes that the research reached results in, including: The story worldview is revealed through the possible consciousness of the narrator/young person, in a way, he was pursuing his dream and realizing it, although he had opponents in this way. In addition to the issues that the author has considered in the course of the story, Social customs and traditions affecting the behavior of social groups, domestic violence Or father against wife and child and superstitions.

As part of an indigenous building movement in the Global South, the United Nations published two books by Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900–89): one on building ‘for the poor’ and the other on passive cooling in vernacular architecture from hot environments. Using his correspondence, reports, designs, published writings, and built forms, this article tracks Fathy’s changing use of a crucial technique, mud-brick vaulting, that he learned in Nubia, an area of Egypt’s arid south largely destroyed by dams in the twentieth century. I show how Fathy mined Nubia rhetorically and materially to use, and later attempt to copyright, its residents’ ‘instinctive’ skills for living in hot arid lands. Over time, Fathy’s appropriations helped to transform Nubia’s vernacular morphology into a universal commons of desert and ‘Islamic’ forms, which enabled him to expand the geographic scope of his practice into the Arabian Peninsula in Oman and Saudi Arabia and into the southwestern United States.

Comprehending the physicochemical properties of water is vital for efficient groundwater management in the research area. Groundwater often sees an increase in chemical element concentrations as it moves underground due to water-rock interaction. Water quality is assessed by comparing various parameter levels with drinking water standards. The primary goal of this study is to assess the groundwater quality from Al Dhahirah Governorate by analysing the physicochemical characteristics (pH, EC, TDS, TH, and T) and evaluating the concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth metals. It involved collecting groundwater samples from 11 different sites in the area and using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to analyse various elements, such as Ca, Na, Mg, and Sr. The study’s results reveal that the quality parameters of drinking water sources are within the Omani and World Health Organization (WHO) standards, except for Na, Mg, Sr, and TH level. The average concentrations of Na and Mg were 527.64 and 87.93 mg/L, respectively, while the average TH measured 658.86 mg/L, which is classified as very hard. The analysis of correlations among groundwater quality parameters indicates that physicochemical parameters influence the chemical properties of groundwater. To ensure safe drinking water, it is advisable to treat contaminated water before use and regularly monitor its quality. The findings contribute to the understanding of water quality in this region, providing valuable insights for environmental and public health considerations.

تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة الحالية في التساؤل التالي : ما الآثار الاجتماعية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ؟ وسعت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الآثار الاجتماعية للمشروعات الاقتصادية الكبرى على الأسر العمانية في ولاية صحار وتشمل التأثيرات الاجتماعية للمشروعات التنموية بالمجتمع المحلي ، والخروج بتصور ملائم لتعظيم تلك الآثار الإيجابية، وتقليل الآثار السلبية للمشروعات الكبرى بولاية صحار. وتنتمي الدراسة إلى نمط الدراسات الوصفية التحليلية. تم الاعتماد على منهج المسح الاجتماعي للتعرف علي الآثار الاجتماعية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ، ومدى إسهام المشروعات الاقتصاديةُ المتنامية في مدينة صحار على الأسر العمانية، ومدى قدرتها على تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. ولقد تم أخذ عينة عمدية من الأسر العمانية فقط القاطنة في زمام ولاية صحار ، حجمها 300 أسرة. ومن أهم نتائج الدراسة أن هناك آثار اجتماعية إيجابية كثيرة لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ، إلا أنه أيضا هناك بعض الآثار الاجتماعية السلبية قد ترتبت علي وجود هذه المشروعات. وفي نهاية الدراسة تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات التي يمكن الاستفادة منها في تعزيز وزيادة الآثار الاجتماعية الإيجابية ، وتقليل الآثار الاجتماعية السلبية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار.

The traditional architecture in the M'zab Valley was a real response to the needs of the natural community and a direct reflection of its lifestyle, nature of activities, environmental requirements, individual and collective life practices within the intellectual system and its natural framework. Therefore, we do not find any part in this architecture that does not serve a specific function or symbolize a certain goal, considering that all material production in this society is a homogeneous and harmonious expression between needs, aspirations, goals, religious values, organizations and interactive social relationships with nature and climatic factors. Thus, architectural production in general and traditional housing in M'zab specifically testify to all these values and ideas manifested in their patterns, plans, units and architectural elements, It was necessary to study the impact of these social organizations and practices on the traditional dwelling in M'zab, considering it as a fundamental urban unit in shaping its palaces and a real product that reflects the values and ideas of this society. And since the dwelling is part of this human production, its relationship with social practice is a strong and organic relationship.

Littoralization and coastal dynamics in fragile island environments: the case of the island of Jerba (South-East Tunisia). Known for the wealth of its resources, the island of Jerba has always attracted the society of the past to settle there. Convinced by the fragility of the island environment, the Jerbian has developed a suitable way of occupying the space and appropriate know-how. The interior of agricultural land has always been favored at the expense of the infertile coastline and open to foreign invasions. Recently, the phenomenon of touristification of the east and northeast coast of the island has been established. At the same time, the coastline is increasingly occupied and a change in the mode of land occupation has occurred. The coastal area, formerly deserted, is increasingly in demand, which has upset the island environment. The rapid urbanization of beaches has reached a worrying stage. The low coasts of the island continue to lose their sandy beaches in a situation marked by the rise in sea level in relation to global warming. Obviously, a line mobility of the island's shoreline is established and evolving with accelerated speed, which has led to the continuous disconfiguration of the coastline. It is by extending the arrow of Borj Kastile, located in the southeast, that the island of Jerba could be connected to the mainland and therefore loses its island status.