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تعد رواية "الوخز" للكاتب حسين العبري من الروايات العُمانية الهامة التي اهتمت بالجانب السياسي وذلك من خلال التحقيق في موضوع التنظيم السري المحظور الذي كشفته الدولة، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة عناصر السرد في رواية "الوخز"، وكيفية توظيف عناصر السرد الروائي: الراوي العليم، والشخصية من حيث لغة الرجل المثقف والرجل الشيخ والمحقق، وتقنية الحوار الداخلي والخارجي لدى الشخصيات، والحدث، والوصف. أوردنا أمثلة على عناصر السرد من خلال الرواية.

Abstract This article reinterprets Ottoman provincialization in the Libyan Sahara in the mid-nineteenth century. Adopting a geopolitical economy perspective, I argue this unsung region became the pilot province for development initiatives subsequently pursued across the Ottoman domains. Representing the convergent interests of transnational finance, local entrepreneurs, and reformist bureaucrats, such initiatives enabled the imaginative constitution of “Ottoman Africa”.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التنقيب على مدى التلاقح الفكري والثقافي الذي كان بين علماء منطقة ميزاب ومنطقة وارجلان خلال العهد العثماني، وكذا اسهامات هؤلاء العلماء في جعل هاته المناطق كمراكز إشعاع ثقافي مستقطبة لطلاب العلم وللعلماء. نستنتج من خلال هذه الدراسة، أنَّ الروابط الفكرية والثقافية بين منطقتي ميزاب ووارجلان خلال الفترة محل الدراسة كانت جدُّ قويّة خاصة في مجال التربية والتعليم، وما زاد هذا الترابط متانةً هو سُهولة التواصل اللُغَوي المتقارب بالنسبة للغة الأمازيغية من الجهتين، وكذا الزيارات المتبادلة بين علماء المنطقتين. This research aims to explore the extent of intellectual and cultural cross-pollination that was between the scholars of the M'zab region and the Argelan region during the Ottoman era, as well as the contributions of these scholars in making these regions centers of cultural radiation that polarized students of science and scholars. We conclude, through this study, that the intellectual and cultural ties between the regions of M'zab and Argelan during the period under study were very strong, especially in the field of education

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على تاريخ تأليف كتاب "شرح كتاب النيل" لأحد أعمدة المدرسة الإباضية بالجزائر في العصر الحديث، وهو الشيخ أمحمد بن يوسف أطفيش(1237ه/1332ه)، حيث لا زالت هذه الموسوعة الفقهية الكبيرة، المؤلفة من سبعة عشر مجلدا، مرجعا أساسيا لكل باحث في الفقه الإباضي. فكانت إشكالية الدراسة كالآتي: متى بدأ الشيخ أطفيش في تأليف "شرح كتاب النيل" ؟ ومتى أنهاه ؟ ومتى ألف كل جزء منه(السبع عشرة جزءا) ؟ ومتى أنهاه ؟ ومتى طبع لأول مرّة ؟ وما هي الكتب التي ألفها خلال فترة تأليف "شرح كتاب النيل" ؟ ومتى بالضبط ؟ توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج، ومنها: استغرق الشيخ أطفيش في تأليف كتابه "شرح كتاب النيل" خمس عشرة(15) سنة(1270ه إلى 1285ه)، فأنهاه في سن مبكرة (47سنة)، وهو عمر يوافق ما وصف به نفسه في مقدمة الكتاب. الكلمات المفتاحية: كرونولوجيا، شرح كتاب النيل، أطفيش. résumé: L'objective de cette étude c'est de reconnaître la date de création du livre "sharh kitab al-Nil" de l'un des pilets de l'école Ibadite en Algerie du nouvelle époque c'est el-chikh M'hammed ibn Youcef Atfiesh(1237/1332 hijri). Cette encyclopédie fiqh contients 17 dossiers qui encore est considérée comme un source principal au chercheurs Ibadites. Quand chikh Atfiesh a commencé écrire le livre "sharh kitab al-Nil"? et quand il a écrit chaque chapitre(17 dossiers)? quand il a terminé? à quel date il a imprimé pour la premiére fois? quels sont les livre qu'il a écri pendant l'écriture du livre "sharh kitab Nil"? et exactement quand?. L'étude a conclu plusieur résultats: chikh Atfiesh a duré 15 ans pour écrire son livre "sharh kitab al-Nil"(1270/1285). A l'age de 47 ans a terminé son livre et c'est un age qui accord avec la discription de lui-même dans l'introduction du livre. Abstract: This study aims to identify the history of authoring the book -"Sharh al-Nil"- )Explanation of the book of the Nile( for the scholar: Mohamed ben Yusuf Atefiesh (1237 / 1332 hijri); one of the pillars of the Ibadite school in Algeria in the recent era. This great jurisprudential encyclopedia contains seventeen volumes. It is an essential reference for every researcher in Ibadi jurisprudence. The questions of this study are: When did the scholar Atfiesh begin writing his book "Sharh al-Nil"? When did he finish it? when did he write each part of its seventeen parts? When did he finish it? When was it printed for the first time? What are the books that he wrote during the period of writing "Sharh al-Nil"? and when exactly did he write each one of them? The study reached several results, among them: The scholar Atfiesh had been writing his book "Sharh al-Nil" in fifteen (15) years (from 1270 to 1285 hijri); in his middle ages (47 years old) which is exactly the age that he described himself in the introductory of the book.

Since the beginning of the investigations in the area of Khor Rori and at the site of Sumhuram, the easternmost outpost of the caravan kingdoms along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, cultural material and architectural evidence seemed to exclude frequentation, both permanent and seasonal, during the Islamic period. Indeed, it was assumed that any form of occupation, which had begun in the second century BC, ceased in the fifth century AD, consistent with the historical, economic and cultural scenario that marked the end of the caravan kingdoms. However, discoveries made during more recent fieldwork, along with a critical reinterpretation of previously collected data, have clearly demonstrated the existence of a late occupation of the area, which can be tentatively dated to the Late Antique period in the case of the burials located nearby and to the Islamic period in the case of the reoccupation of the site. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of the re-analysis of the late evidence, focusing on the last architectural structures, the small finds and some of the pottery.

Collective aboveground circular tombs of stone are one of the main categories of architectural structures from the Umm an-Nar period (2500–2000 BC) in the Oman peninsula. The tombs have been known since the late 1950s but various aspects of their functioning still await a full explanation. Most of them survived in poor condition, often empty, only a dozen or so actually yielding any human remains. Tomb QA 1-1, one of ten Umm an-Nar-type tombs at Wadi al-Fajj in northwestern Oman, has yielded a substantial assemblage of human skeletal remains (estimated MNI 25) from the two of four burial chambers excavated between 2016 and 2018. While the excavation of the tomb should be continued, a presentation of the bone assemblage recovered to date, including a distribution analysis of the remains, deposition characteristic, and preliminary osteological analysis, adds to the existing source base of Early Bronze Age populations in the ancient land of Magan.

The first excavation season of a joint project of the PCMA and Department of Archaeology and Excavations, Ministry of Heritage and Culture, Oman, was carried out in the microregion of Qumayrah in the fall of 2016. A single tomb was investigated at an Umm an-Nar period burial site in the area of the village of Al-Ayn. A complete ground-plan was traced, identifying the tomb as an example of a well-known type with interior divided into four burial chambers by crosswalls. The excavated quadrant yielded commingled skeletal remains and mortuary gifts: numerous beads, a number of pottery sherds and a single complete vessel, a few metal objects and a score of stone vessel fragments.

This paper reports briefly on the results of a short reconnaissance at the site of Qumayrah–Ayn 2 (QA 2), a new prehistoric site located in a poorly studied part of the Qumayrah Valley in northern Oman. A survey and limited probing by the Omani–Polish Qumayrah Archaeological Project confirmed the presence of a sediment, approximately 15–20 cm thick, which yielded not just lithics, but also stone installations discovered in situ. One of these installations was evidently a hearth, the other a kind of platform. The lithic assemblage is characterized by a prevalence of flake technology with rare blade products. Predominant in the tools group are side-scrapers, notches and perforators produced by direct-scaled retouch. The most characteristic tools are tanged projectile points made on flakes. The main problem is contextualizing these materials. On the grounds of certain premises they may be associated with the Fasad technocomplex, but not necessarily the pre-Neolithic one as is the case of the classic types. However, a much later chronology is also quite possible.

Archaeological campaigns conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the site of Inqitat (Al Hamr al-Sharqiya), in the area of Khor Rori (Dhofar), produced an interesting assemblage of jewellery of various materials. The characteristics of the site are exceptional because they show traces of occupation from (prehistoric times)/ Prehistory right up to the Islamic period. Its geographical position(location), near Sumhuram, and its socio-political situation explain why bead assemblage here is so important. The use of particular stones indicates the presence of links with the area of the Persian Gulf and the Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the discovery of some tools used for the production of the beads demonstrates a local production of some of these. The long life of the site could help to identify typical materials of each period thus allowing for a more complete comprehension of Dhofar and of the international connections of the area.

In the second field season of the Omani–Polish Qumayrah Archaeological Project, the prehistoric leg of the team conducted investigations of previously discovered lithic sites in the vicinity of Al-Ayn village. This paper summarizes the results of archaeological testing at three open campsites codenamed Qumayrah-Ayn (QA) 2, QA 6 and QA 12. The investigations provided new evidence of intensive Stone Age settlement of the Qumayrah Valley (also known as Wadi Fajj). The data, comprising lithic tools and some shell and stone beads, indicate that the occupation of these sites should be dated to various stages of the Neolithic period.

Medieval times as Zafar. Placed in a strategic position for its geographical location, climate, availability of water and abundance of fodder, its long history dates back to the Bronze Age. The settlement reached its peak in Mediaeval times when it was a (a hub?) of international trade along the Indian Ocean. Many commodities were exported from the region or passed through the port. Among them a number of regional products such as: myrrh, dragon’s blood, aloe and madder, the most important being, however, frankincense and Arabian horses. Frankincense trade in Mediaeval times is barely studied despite its importance and great incomes generated by this trade during the period. The paper will present a general overview of the site of Al Baleed and its importance in the trade of frankincense, mainly in relation with the Far-eastern market with an overview of the coveted treasures from the region of Dhofar.

A lush vegetation develops around the numerous wadi estuaries interrupting the Dhofari coast in Southern Oman. Many estuaries still house mangroves of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., a very fragile ecosystem that is currently under threat in this area. A rather rich flora, strongly affected by the influence of the monsoon, grows in other estuaries. This study concerns the flora and vegetation of these peculiar habitats with special focus on the plants growing on the different substrates. To gain insights into the pollen diffusion and representation of these plants in the current pollen rain, we analyzed surface soil samples. By evaluating their pollen amounts, we related the modern pollen rain to the abundance/coverage of the plant species typical of the different environments. Rather than a punctual indication of the plants growing at a short distance, our pollen records offer a general picture of the flora and vegetation of the area. This information is crucial for the correct interpretation of pollen records from ancient soils, and underlines the utility of pollen analysis for the reconstruction of the vegetation history.

The study of the present-day pollen rain in modern sites reveals the relationship between vegetation and relative pollen spectra, and provides a useful key for the interpretation of the past pollen records resulting from palaeoenvironmental researches. The modern sites, or “modern analogues”, are accurately selected and considered paradigmatic models. In this paper the first results of two archaeobotanical studies carried out in two different areas of the Sultanate of Oman are presented: Salut (northern Oman) and the ancient town of Sumhuram (southern Oman, Dhofar).

From 2000 to 2009 we carried out 10 scientific missions to Central-Southern Dhofar with the aim of collecting plants. We eplored several habitats, such as littorals and seashores, coastal plains and many wadis ending in the Arabian sea (from Rackhyt, Al Mughsayl, Salalah, Khor Rori, Mirbat, Hadbin up to Hasik). We paid particular attention to the floristic exploration of the monsoon slopes of the coastal mountains (with special reference to Jabal Qara) where plant richness and endemic taxa are mostly concentrated. Plants were also collected on the upper part of Jabal Samhan, the highest mountain of Dhofar, in the pre-desertic area of Wadi Andur, beyond Jabal Samhan and in several areas where, nowadays, large groups of Boswellia sacra, the frankincense tree, grow, i.e. Al Mughsayl, Adownib, Aluf, Uyun, Wadi Dowkah and Hasik. Sporadic explorations were carried out on the vaste pre-desertic area that, from Thumrayt, spreads northward to the Saudi Arabia border, from Muddy, Al Mathafah, Ginan Bin Nawatish to Shisr (the ancient Ubar), Sayh al Kharyat and Dawkah. The number of explored sites (233) was large enough to have exhaustive information on the local distribution of the species. The collected taxa are 606; 17 of them are first records from Oman, 13 are first record from Dhofar. As regards endemics, 14 taxa are endemic to Dhofar, while 35 are regional endemics, distributed in Oman/Dhofar & Yemen; most of these are concentrated on the monsoon slopes of the coastal mountains.

Nanorrhinum roseiflorum, characterized by pink flowers, a twiggy shrub habit and very small leaves, is described as a new species from Dhofar (Oman). it is distributed on the mountain rocky slopes of Jabal Qara, from Qaftwat to Wanat, at an altitude of 900–1150 m, and in the dry area of Wadi Andur, behind Jabal Samhan, at an altitude of 600 m.

Orbea nardii, a new species found in the mountains of Al Mughsayl (central Dhofar, Oman) is here described and compared with some other closely related species of Orbea. Moreover the presence of Orbea luntii in Dhofar is confirmed on the basis of its finding on the southern slope of Jabal Samham and, finally Pentatropis bentti, found in the mountains of Hasik, eastern Dhofar, is recorded for the first time.

This paper describes the pollen morphology of the most common trees, shrubs and woody herbs growing in the coastal plain and the escarpment of Dhofar, a wide region in southern Oman. The plant habit and habitat are also reported.

Polygala moggii grow in a coastal area near Hasik (eastern Dhofar). This new species, apart from its small size and small violet flowers, is also characterized by glabrous unwinged capsules and greenish petaloid sepals without evident nervation. For the characteristics of the sepals, this species resembles some other dwarf species from Somalia and Ethiopia, which have also a limited distribution.