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[Un livre, des collections] Rencontre avec Augustin Jomier, auteur du livre Islam, réforme, colonisation : une histoire de l'ibadisme en Algérie (1882-1962) En partenariat avec les Éditions de la Sorbonne Comment écrire une histoire des temps coloniaux à partir de points de vue d'Algériens et comment penser le réformisme musulman, problème majeur de l'histoire contemporaine de l’islam ? C’est à ces deux questions connexes, aussi centrales qu’irrésolues, que s’attaque simultanément Augustin Jomier dans son étude sur l’ibadisme contemporain, qui vient de paraître aux Éditions de la Sorbonne. La rencontre sera animée par Benjamin Guichard, directeur scientifique de la BULAC, qui présentera en préambule les collections ibadites de la BULAC. L'intervenant : Docteur et agrégé d’histoire, ancien élève de l’École normale supérieure de Lyon, Augustin Jomier a enseigné aux universités du Mans, de Paris-Est-Créteil, à l’EHESS et à l’EPHE. Il a été pensionnaire de la Fondation Thiers (2013-2016), puis lauréat d’une Chaire d’excellence de l’Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité (2016-2019) et Visiting research fellow au Near Eastern Studies Department de l’Université de Princeton, USA (2018). Il est actuellement maître de conférences à l’Inalco en histoire du Maghreb aux périodes moderne et contemporaine et chercheur au CERMOM. À la jonction entre l’histoire coloniale et l’histoire de l’islam, il s’intéresse aux mutations sociales et culturelles du Maghreb à la période contemporaine, histoire qu’il écrit à partir de sources en langue arabe et en langues européennes. Son premier livre, Islam, réforme et colonisation : une histoire de l’ibadisme en Algérie (1882-1962), Paris, Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2020, enquête sur la question du réformisme musulman parmi les populations ibadites du Mzab, dans l’Algérie coloniale. Le chantier principal auquel il s’attèle à présent porte sur l’histoire sociale et culturelle du livre et de la lecture au Maghreb (XVIIIe-XXe siècle). Il est aussi investi dans un projet intitulé « L'orientalisme en train de se faire », mené à l'EHESS autour des archives de René Basset (1855-1924), fonds d’archives dont il est le responsable scientifique.

The present article analyses the impact of different East African geographical, social and economic conditions on the settlement model of the Omani in this area in 1806–1856. The article indicates that the Oman settlement model has undergone significant changes, including the appearance of new forms of settlement, a change in building material, and the adoption of solutions practiced by African cultures. On the other hand, however, many important elements, such as the architecture and tribal settlement structure, were transferred to East Africa.

The paper, based on archival sources and Arabic press, addresses the emergence and construction of a Libyan nation and nationalism, particularly among Libyan exiles, in the Mediterranean region from the 1930s until independence. Since the 1930s, associations of Libyan exiles in Tunisia, Syria and Egypt began to imagine the future of their country in an attempt to find an alternative to both Italian colonial occupation, and the older previous political system, which had collapsed in its wake. I discuss how the influence of Pan-Arabism in the theoretical elaboration of a “Libyan nation-state” led to referring to the Libyan nation as an Arab nation. The paper stresses the contribution of Sulayman al-Baruni to the debate. Particular attention is devoted to a series of articles published in 1937 by al-Baruni in al-Rabita al-‛Arabiyya. This weekly Egyptian magazine was an important instrument in giving voice to different points of view on the Libyan question. I argue that al-Baruni’s stress on an Arab-Islamic identity probably aimed at appeasing and overcoming the divergences between Tripolitanians and Cyrenaicans concerning the “imagined” future Libyan nation. (Upon independence, the Arabism-Islam binomial became the watchword for the construction of a new national identity. This binomial did not include the Berbers and other minority groups and denied them any official recognition).

Sulayman al-Baruni played a particularly important role during the first decade of the colonial occupation in Libya: from the landing of the troops in Tripoli till the end of the First World War, he was one of the main animators of the resistance against the Italian intervention. A muslim of Ibadi confession, he belonged to one of the most important families of the Adrar n Infusen (the Berber mountain) region and was elected deputy of the Ottoman parliament after the seizure of power by the Union and Progress Committee in 1908. Closely related to Enver Pasha, one of the most prominent figures in Ottoman politics of that period, in 1913 he was appointed senator in Istanbul. During the First World War he was charged with promoting the intervention of the Libyan forces alongside the central Empires against Italy and its allies. The interpretations of his thought and political activity have made him one of the followers of the Berber principality dream, one of the protagonists of the pan-Islamist action in North Africa and, finally, one of the “lions” of Tripolitanian proto-nationalism as a leading member of the ephemeral Jumhuriyya al-Tarabulusiyya of 1918. This paper aims at analyzing the position of Sulayman al-Baruni towards the new politics of colonial Italy after the First World War, trying to understand it through some archival documents concerning his stays in Italy in 1919 and 1920.

This paper explores the usages of four concepts – sunna, sīra, āthār, and nasab – mainly in early Ibāḍī epistles, but also in other types of Ibāḍī literature, to examine how early Ibāḍīs understood the legacy of the Prophet Muḥammad, and their relation to that legacy. It argues that before the sixth/twelfth century a notion of communal pedigree occupied pride of place in early Ibāḍī conceptualizations of legality and legitimacy. Thus, Ibāḍī sunna was “communal sunna”. The accumulated weight of Ibāḍī tradition – what is known as āthār in Ibāḍī literature – operated authoritatively as a counterpart to sunna; and the Ibāḍī siyar tradition did not focus on the Prophet exclusively, but rather described the scholarly community as an imagined whole. Moreover, Ibāḍīs explicitly articulated their communal pedigree in “teacher lines” (called nasab al-dīn or nasab al-islām) in Omani literature, and through the structure of their ṭabaqāt/siyar works in North Africa. Appreciating the importance of this communal pedigree, and the nexus of concepts through which it was articulated, helps us to understand the relative lack of emphasis placed on collecting and documenting ḥadīth (Ibāḍīs employ ḥadīth, but they did not use isnāds, nor did they appear to have a ḥadīth collection until the sixth/twelfth century), as well as the general absence of Prophetic biography among them (which also does not appear until the sixth/twelfth century).

Ce livre est une invitation à un voyage à travers l´Histoire de Djerba et l´origine de ses rites religieux mais également un essai d´analyse et de compréhension de l´Architecture de ses innombrables et emblématiques lieux cultuels traditionnels. Des mosquées-citadelles, défenderesses et protectrices, à celles littorales, de guet et d´o

La question des minorités linguistique et religieuse demeure un sujet quasi tabou en Algérie. La mise sous silence des langues berbères et la marginalisation des religions minoritaires sont remarquables par leur durée et leur constance. Cet article analyse certaines réponses des acteurs minoritaires de la Kabylie et du Mzab face aux politiques restrictives des gouvernements algériens successifs. L’analyse s’intéresse aux modes d’inclusion/ exclusion de ces minorités dans la nation et des formes de demandes de reconnaissance. En particulier, le processus de patrimonialisation focalise des enjeux politiques et symboliques autour desquels l’État et les minorités s’affrontent.

Objectives Tunisia has been a crossroads for people from Africa, Europe, and the Middle East since prehistoric times. At present, it is inhabited by two main ethnic groups, Arabs and Berbers, and several minorities. This study aims to advance knowledge regarding their genetic structure using new population samplings and a genome-wide approach. Materials and Methods We investigated genomic variation, estimated ancestry components and dated admixture events in three Berber and two Arab populations from Southern Tunisia, mining a dataset including Middle Eastern, sub-Saharan, and European populations. Results Differences in the proportion of North African, Arabian, and European ancestries and the varying impact of admixture and isolation determined significant heterogeneity in the genetic structure of Southern Tunisian populations. Admixture time estimates show a multilayer pattern of admixture events, involving both ethno-linguistic groups, which started around the mid XI century and lasted for nearly five centuries. Discussion Our study provides evidence that the relationships between genetic and cultural diversity of old and new inhabitants of North Africa in southern Tunisia follow different patterns. The Berbers seem to have preserved a significant part of their common genomic heritage despite Islamization, Arab cultural influence, and linguistic diversity. Compared to Morocco and Algeria, southern Tunisian Arabs have retained a higher level of Arabian ancestry. This is more evident in the semi-nomad R'Baya, who have kept their original Bedouin lifestyle, than in the population from Douz, who have undergone multiple events of stratification and admixture.

The Nabhānī State first appeared in Oman in the 6th/12th century and lasted till the 11th/17th century. During this period the fall of Baghdad, which occurred in 656/1258, led to a number of radical political and cultural changes in the Gulf region, and the aim of the present study is to re-evaluate the conclusions of the (2002) study against a wider background. In doing so it will firstly re-evaluate the original and modern sources dealing with that period. Secondly, it will take a broader look at the political and regional situation at that time and its impact on the course of Oman’s historical development – in other words, it will consider Omani history within a regional context. Thirdly, it will look for the roots of that state and relate it more accurately to Oman’s historical chronology and regional context.

"O[ma]n Ibadism and Modernity" published on 27 May 2020 by Brill.