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Abstracts

Francesca, E. (2019). [Review of Adam Gaiser, Shurāt Legends, Ibāḍī Identities: Martyrdom, Asceticism and the Making of an Early Islamic Community, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2016, 223 pp. (including bibliography and index), ISBN 978-1-61117-676-6., by A. R. Gaiser]. Der Islam, 96(2), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2019-0040

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Stiphout, M. van. (2019). Reconstructing the use and value of coins in early modern Oman [Mémoire de Master, Leiden University]. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/76045

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Botan, S. A. (2019). Hafit tombs in the Wadi al-Jizzi and Wadi Suq corridors [Mémoire de Master, Leiden University]. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/76157

This thesis focusses on Hafit tombs (3200-2500 BC) in the Wadi Suq and Wadi al-Jizzi regions of the Sultanate of Oman. The main research question proposed is whether existing theories on the Hafit period can explain the distribution pattern present in the study area. In order to answer this question, four sub-questions were created exploring: the general distribution of the tombs, the orientation of the tombs and the correlation between the tombs, visibility and the dry river beds also known as wadis. Each of the sub-questions was answered by applying different tools in ArcGis on the dataset provided by the Wadi al-Jizzi Archaeological Project. Regarding the overall distribution of the tombs, it can be concluded that significant sites with large numbers of Hafit tombs are primarily located around the Wadi Suq, instead of the larger Wadi al-Jizzi and that all the Hafit cemeteries seem to have been located more closely to the area known as the Lower Batinah than towards the mountains. The analysis also revealed that the tombs at Site 43 seem to be clustered like Late Prehistoric Tombs (LTPs), which are of a post-Hafit date. The orientation of the tombs seemed initially clearly focused towards the north-east/south-west and east-west. This coincides with the variation in the azimuth of the sunrise between the months of June and September for the Sohar region. However, a site-to-site comparison displayed a more nuanced picture. The orientation of the tombs at S6 and S58 are evenly distributed, suggesting that they might have been constructed in a later phase of the Hafit period. The analyses in the current thesis also displayed that at the threshold of 1500 meters all tombs in the study area correlate to a wadi system. Interestingly, all of the tombs are clearly visible from the wadi system, despite the different distances to a wadi. This thesis concludes that current theories are unsatisfactory to explain the distribution of Hafit tombs in the study area and that more research is needed in this regard. Not only to improve existing theories or add new ones, but also to determine whether the patterns discussed in this thesis are unique for the study area or are also visible in other parts of the Oman peninsula.

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Custers, M. H. (2019). [Review of MURANYI, M. – The First Compendium of Ibadi Law. The Mudawwana by Abu Ghanim Bishr b. Ghanim al-Khurasani., by M. Muranyi]. Bibliotheca Orientalis, 76, 421–425.
Custers, M. H. (2019). [Review of MADELUNG, W., and A. AL-SALIMI (eds.) – Ibāḍī Texts from the 2nd/8th Century. (M.H. Custers), by W. Madelung & A. al-Salimi]. Bibliotheca Orientalis, 76, 209–213.
ميزان, ع. ا. م. س. (2019). إباضية حضرموت وعلاقتهم بعمان: القرن الثاني-السابع للهجرة، القرن الثامن-الثالث عشر للميلاد : دراسة منهجية. دار حضرموت للدراسات والنشر.
Roggero, C. (2019). Identità e identitarismi berberi in Nord Africa : ricostruzione storica/storiografica della questione berbera. Humanitas, 74(6), 1123–1135. https://doi.org/2611-8068

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Maawali, A. M. S. S. al-. (2019). A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Distinguishing Features Between Ibāḍīs and Khārijītes. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 9(2), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.92.02

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Ulrich, B. (2019). Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire: Exploring al-Azd Tribal Identity. Edinburgh University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvnjbh0q

Asks what tribal identity meant to Arabs at different stages of the caliphate's evolution. Provides a study of early Islamic tribalism influenced by more up-to-date anthropological ideas than the theory of segmentation. Applies developments in cultural memory studies and early Islamic source criticism to the study of tribal identity. Provides an in-depth look at the large al-Azd tribal confederation, which has previously been examined only in Oman.

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Oruc, F. (2019). Transoceanic Orientalism and Embodied Translation in Sayyida Salme/Emily Ruete’s Memoirs. Hawwa, 17(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341347

Emily Ruete’s Memoirs of an Arabian Princess was first published, in German, in 1886, on the threshold of the nineteenth-century imperialist “Scramble for Africa.” Ruete’s exilic relationship with both Europe and Africa made her an insider-outsider, well positioned to capture the imperial stage of Enlightenment Orientalism in flux and transmit it across the oceans to a public who would have found the life she describes unimaginable. In relaying the story of how Sayyida Salme became Emily Ruete, the Memoirs employs a mode of translation that is simultaneously linguistic, cultural, religious, and material. In Ruete’s case, translation is an embodied act. As a translator, Salme/Ruete critically and comparatively translates Zanzibar, and by extension the “Orient,” for a Western audience by virtue of her body being able to enter into and to pass through multiple social and cultural spaces.

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Sheriff, A. M. H. (2019). Contradictions in the Heritagization of Zanzibar ‘Stone Town.’ In B. Schnepel & T. Sen (Eds.), Travelling Pasts: The Politics of Cultural Heritage in the Indian Ocean World (pp. 221–245). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004402713

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Said, S. N. (2019). Revisiting the Legality of the Union between the Republic of Tanganyika and the People’s Republic of Zanzibar. African Journal of Legal Studies, 12(2), 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340047

Abstract While every year the people of the United Republic of Tanzania witness the new anniversary of the Union between the former Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, this paper intends to examine how strong its legal foundation stands. The union was established by the two leaders; Nyerere for Tanganyika and Karume for Zanzibar. After their signatures, the agreement was required for ratification at Zanzibar and Tanganyika legislative bodies. Only Tanganyika ratified. Surprisingly, even though Zanzibar did not ratify, the union was made. On this background foundation, the union legality has been repeatedly criticized. While those who question the legality of the union stick on the point of ratification, those who consider its legitimacy, assert that the question of validity has waned due to the period the union has survived. The findings in this article argue otherwise, in fact, the issue has grown to such extent that it haunts everyone in Tanzania.

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Stiles, E. E. (2019). “It is Your Right to Buy a Divorce”: Judicial Khuluu in Zanzibar. Islamic Law and Society, 26(1–2), 12–35. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00254A06

Abstract Judicial khuluu (<Ar. khulʿ ) in Zanzibar differs from judicial khulʿ in Arab countries that have recently introduced it through legislative reform. In Zanzibar’s Islamic courts, khuluu is used primarily as a judicial mechanism for ending a marriage when a judge determines a wife to be responsible for the breakdown of the marriage. Zanzibari women rarely file for khuluu because it is expensive and is associated with a woman’s failure in her marriage. Herein, I explain why judges in Zanzibar regard khuluu as a punitive measure that can be used to end a marriage when a woman is determined to be responsible for the marital discord, or when there are no grounds for judicial dissolution through fasikhi (<Ar. faskh , annulment). I also show that judges view khuluu as a right that a woman can exercise to extricate herself from marriage, a right that judges sometimes encourage in court.
Bouzenita, A. I. (2019). A Reading in the Applied Ibāḍī Fiqh of International Relations: The Directive of Imām al-Ṣalt (d. 275/888) to His Army Concerning Socotra. Ilahiyat Studies, 10(1), 7–45. https://doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2019.101.188

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Ziaka, A., & Papageorgiou, N. (2019). Tradition and Modernity: Shaping Oman’s Religious Identity. In Y. Kondo & A. Ziaka (Eds.), Local and global Ibadi identities (pp. 375–383). Georg Olms Verlag.
Wortmann, K. T. (2019). Daʿwa at the Sultan’s Mosque: An Example of Ibāḍī Women’s Activism in Muscat. In Y. Kondo & A. Ziaka (Eds.), Local and global Ibadi identities (pp. 367–373). Georg Olms Verlag.
Foley, S. (2019). From Madison Avenue to Muscat: Ibāḍī Response to the Modern Cigarette Industry. In Y. Kondo & A. Ziaka (Eds.), Local and global Ibadi identities (pp. 347–365). Georg Olms Verlag.
Goshey, E. (2019). Eternal Punishment in Modern Ibāḍī Discourse: A Moral Argument. In Y. Kondo & A. Ziaka (Eds.), Local and global Ibadi identities (pp. 327–345). Georg Olms Verlag.
Mestaoui, S., & Tounsi, S. (2019). The Ibāḍī Diaspora in France: From Immigration to Acculturation and Citizenship. In Y. Kondo & A. Ziaka (Eds.), Local and global Ibadi identities (pp. 301–309). Georg Olms Verlag.

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Benyoucef, B. (2019). Mobility and Identity: The Case of the Mzābī Ibāḍite Community. In Y. Kondo & A. Ziaka (Eds.), Local and global Ibadi identities (pp. 287–299). Georg Olms Verlag.

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