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Abstract This contribution aims to present the results of a brief survey conducted on some ports in the Dhofar region, along the southernmost coast of the Sultanate of Oman, dated to the medieval Islamic period. The research carried out by the University of Naples L’Orientale at the site of al-Balīd and more broadly in the Dhofar region aims not only to advance new study and research activities but also to reinterpret and analyze existing materials, with the goal of developing a more complete understanding of the region’s role during the Islamic era. During this time, the port of al-Balīd, along with Ṣuḥār and Qalhāt in the northern part of the country, was one of the key centres in the trade networks of the western Indian Ocean. However, there were several satellite ports involved in long- medium and short distance trade networks which may have played an important role in communications with the interior where the frankincense resin was collected. The paper will focus on two of these ports: Sūq al-Ḥāsik and Ḥāsik Qadīm.

The Sultanate of Oman is a unique state of the Persian Gulf, its population lives in a rapidly developing and prosperous society. The novelty of the article consist  in the fact that it studied  the way of life, traditions, religions and the history of settlement of various ethnic groups in the life of the Sultanate of Oman, as well as the peculiarities of local languages in the country. The article examines the lifestyle, traditions, religions of various ethnic groups rooted in the life of this country, as well as the history of their arrival and settlement in Oman. The sites of settlement of large ethnic groups such as Balochis, Bahais, Luati, Zanzibari and Indians were studied, and how they assimilated into society. The article analyzes how some historical events and historical aspects of the Sultanate of Oman influenced the ethnic structure in it. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it will help researchers dealing with the countries of the Persian Gulf, Oriental studies and international relations. The article examines the variants of the origin of the word "Oman", the explanations left by the researchers. It was discussed which religions the people of Oman profess, which religion is more widespread in which region. We analyzed the history, lifestyle, and characteristics of the tribes and ethnic groups known in this country, where they mainly live. Attention was drawn to the country's special support for religious tolerance and peace in society.  In the methodology of writing the article, methods of analysis-synthesis, deduction, formalization, open electronic sources, works of foreign and domestic scientists who studied this topic were used.

Depuis quelques années, dans la vallée du Mzab (Algérie), l’ibadisme fait l’objet d’actions pour la préservation de son patrimoine. Des institutions, associatives et universitaires, aussi bien locales qu’internationales, œuvrent à la redécouverte de ses manuscrits et de ses bibliothèques, et à leur diffusion. Augustin Jomier, historien et chercheur à l’IRMC, en expose les acteurs et les enjeux.

إن تأسس (سلطنة زنجبار) في شرق أفريقية منذ عهد السيد سعيد بن سلطان 1804-1856م وحتى سقوطها في عهد السلطان جمشيد بن عبدالله عام 1964م كان نقطة تحولٍ مهمةٍ في تاريخ المنطقة؛ لما تمخض عنه من تغيرات طالت مختلف النواحي والمجالات الدينية، والفكرية، والسياسية، والاجتماعية، والاقتصادية، والثقافية، والعلمية، ومنها إدخال أنظمة جديدة في منطقة شرق أفريقية خاصة، مجال إدارة الوقف في ظل سلطنة زنجبار؛ مما أسهم بشكل إيجابي في إحداث تغيرات كبيرة في المجال الاجتماعي والديني والاقتصادي بين مختلف الطوائف الدينية، ومختلف شرائح المجتمع الزنجباري آنذاك بحسبان أن أكثر من 95٪ من سكان زنجبار من المسلمين منذ القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي، ومن ذلك المنطلق مثلت ممتلكات الوقف أهمية قصوى للتنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لمنطقة شرق أفريقية عامة وزنجبار خاصة، لكن دخول سلطنة زنجبار ضمن هيمنة الحماية البريطانية أثر بشكل سلبي في نظام الوقف، وأدى إلى إحداث مشكلات تفاقمت وازدادت بشكل كبير حتى نهاية سلطنة زنجبار في عام 1964م.

Following the surge of the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of George Floyd’s murder on 25 May 2020, memorials in remembrance of individuals implicated in colonialism or slavery have come under increasing attack. This article discusses and contextualizes challenges in 2020 to the memorialization of Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898) and Emily Ruete née Salama bint Said (1844–1924) in Hamburg, where the legacy of the German colonial past is particularly palpable. The article argues that proposed solutions—be it the demolition of the city’s main Bismarck monument, its restoration and the erection of a counter-memorial adjacent to it, or the un-naming of a street named after Ruete—potentially erase the complexities and contradictions of the lives of historical actors, are often informed by a desire to quarantine the past, and, just as often, fail to engage with its continuation in the present.

While the importance of archives administration and records management is beginning to be realized in the developing world, few governments have recognized the contribution well-kept records could make to development and efficient public administration. Two workshops, attended by members of the staff of seven National Archives in East and Central Africa, were held in Zanzibar in 1984 and 1985. Initially inspired by the Royal Geographical Society's concern for the condition of correspondence from and about explorers, the workshops examined the problems on the ground of preserving and making records accessible. Work on the Ministry of Agriculture's records demonstrated their development value and the need for a concerted training programme within the region.

Ng'ambo is the historic Other Side of Zanzibar city. The last 50 years have brought two attempts to demolish Ng'ambo and replace it with spaces designed to express the dominance of the state. Differences at first appear to be large between colonial and post-colonial Zanzibar. Yet these reconstructions shared similar objectives, failures and consequences. This paper highlights commonalities between the two projects and ties them to three themes from the literature of colonial cities in Africa concerning colonial urban planning and its post-colonial legacy. These themes include: the bureaucratisation and centralisation of power; the manipulation of space as a means of fostering hegemony; and the alienation of residents from the planning process.

This essay examines the career of Eric Dutton in five British African colonies from 1919 to 1952, with case studies of his work in Lusaka and Zanzibar. In analyzing Dutton's career, I use a Gramscian conception of the role of intellectuals in creating colonial hegemony, against the backdrop of recent research on the relationship of geography to colonial discourse. Dutton worked and corresponded with key players in Britain's African empire. He was a major force behind early urban-planning programs in East and Central Africa and author of four geographical books. Permanently disabled by war wounds, he was also permanently infatuated with the moral rightness of British imperial culture. A concern for geography's professional relationship with, and the geographical legacy of, colonialism has emerged in recent scholarship on Africa, largely through studies of travel writing, fiction, and nineteenth- or early twentieth-century exploration geography. Later scholar-officials like Dutton sought to apply their knowledge to the shaping of spaces to serve the Empire's direct and immediate needs in Africa, even while trying to win the hearts and minds of its subject peoples. Around Timothy Mitchell's (1988) concept of "enframing," I build an analysis of the spatial projects with which Dutton is most associated and show how Lusaka and Zanzibar were enframed by his plans. Through his publications and correspondences, as well as his seemingly omnipresent service, Dutton has an important legacy that has neither been articulated nor analyzed, one which points to the importance of contextualized biography for analyses of colonial discourse. I argue here for seeing Dutton as an intellectual in the service of colonial hegemony and its enframing spatial discourse, although the character of his agency exemplifies why that attempted hegemony failed.

Increasingly, geographers use literature and popular culture to interpret the ways in which historical events are represented and remembered. One goal of this usage of literature is the expansion of the prevailing scholarly imagination beyond western scripts to appreciate the nuances of interpretation which accompany any major world event. Here, I develop a cultural materialist study of narratives of Zanzibar's 1964 Revolution with a focus on accounts originating in Tanzania. These representations of history are assessed as dominant, residual, emergent and excluded accounts in a contest for cultural hegemony, emphasizing themes of place description and racial identity. Storytelling about Zanzibar's revolution evidences the layers of meaning in representations of history and highlights the shifting power dynamics and historical geography of cultural narratives. Such a multi-layered analysis is necessary because the revolution narrative is not an idle memory or an uncontested tale. It is at the core of many Zanzibaris» political identity. Zanzibar represents a microcosm of many of the world's most pressing social and geopolitical concerns, providing a valuable lesson in the intricacies of imagined communities and the imagined histories which accompany them.

Except for a few months in Mombasa in 1728-1729, the Portuguese occupation of East Africa, that is the coast of Kenya and Tanzania, together with the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, effectively ceased in 1698. In this article, the author describes what has remained of the Portuguese in the area: the buildings, and the loanwords in the Swahili language, particularly the names of useful food crops and fruit trees. App. (words of Portuguese origin in Swahili), bibliogr.

Dans les îles de Zanzibar en Tanzanie, la mémoire des violences et des répressions opérées par le régime en place de 1964 à 1975 a été bannie de l’espace public. Si aucune effervescence mémorielle ne vient aujourd’hui contrer les formes du souvenir imposées par l’État, de récentes initiatives collectives attestent de l’entrée dans une phase de mise en circulation dans l’espace public de mémoires restées clandestines. Mais loin de mener à une mémoire délivrée sereine, cette entreprise de remémoration amorce l’entrée dans des disputes mémorielles.