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Résumés
  • Traini, Renato ; Ess, Josef van
    Yazīd b. Unaisa und Abū ʿĪsà al-Isfahānī: zur Konvergenz zweier sektierischer Bewegungen

    Yazīd b. Unaisa was an Ibāḍī who started a sectarian movement predicting a new religion, in which Muslims and Jews, and perhaps also Christians, would be absorbed. Abū ʿĪsà al-Isfahānī was a Jew who started a sectarian movement, in which Muḥammad was recognized as a prophet.

  • Scholz, Fred
    Falaj-Oasen in Sharqiya, Inner-Oman

    Summary: Little is known about the genesis and the spacial structure of the settlements in Inner-Oman, South-east Arabia. The present paper describes the situation of the settlements and oases in the central region of Inner-Oman by means of three case studies. The older oases and their villages show a more irregular spatial pattern than the younger ones, owing to the social-tribal structures of the settlers, their religious customs and the existing water laws. The existence of all oases in Inner-Oman depends upon an underground watercollecting-system, the so-called Falaj, which has been common throughout Inner-Oman since several centuries. On the Ḥārithī-oases al-Darīz, al-Qābil and al-ʿIzz; the Ḥajariyyūn-oases al-Mintirib, al-Ghabbī, Jāḥis, Shāhiq and Hawayah (Ḥawiyya).

  • Cuoq, Joseph
    Notes de lecture

    French translation of pp. 517-518 of Ṭallāy’s edition of Darjīnī’s K. Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh. (See Ṭallāy 1974). Translation of pp. 457-458 of Shammākhī’s K. al-Siyar. Translation from al-Bakrī’s K. al-Masālik wa’l-Mamālik. All three texts treat the conversion to Islam of the king of Mali.

  • Cuperly, Pierre
    ʿAqīdat Abī Sahl Yaḥyà/La ʿAqīda d’Abū Sahl Yaḥyà

    Edition and translation. Arabic text pp. 41-47, an introduction (much the same as Cuperly 1979, 67-74); text of the ʿAqīda: pp. 48-69, 55-84; French translation of the ʿAqīda: pp. 70-94, 85-119.

  • Landau, Jacob M. ; Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis ; Dumont, Paul
    An Arabic source for late Ottoman history

    Arabic text and translation of a trip of al-Sayyid Ḥumūd b. Aḥm. b. Sayf al-Būsaʿīdī (MS in the British Library, MS Or. 8085/25). French abstract on p. 61. A preliminary report on this MS was published in Osmanlı Araştırmaları (Istanbul), I (1980), 133-136. Travel accounts written by local people can constitute important sources for the conditions of life in the Ottoman Empire. Such is the case with the MS Riḥlat al-Sayyid Ḥumūd b. Aḥm. b. Sayf al-Būsaʿīdī, written by an Arab Muslim from Zanzibar. It comprises 42 folios, 16,7x14 cm., 12 lines to each page. The literary Arabic in which the account is written is marred by errors of syntax, accidence and spelling and is interspersed with colloquialisms borrowed from the vernacular of Zanzibar. The author started out from Zanzibar on 26 Shawwāl 1288/8 Jan. 1872. He travelled first to the Ḥijāz to perform the Ḥajj. Then he visited Egypt, Palestine and Syria, reaching as far north as Damascus. Lastly, he returned to Beirut and sailed back to Port Said, where he spent fourteen days waiting for an Ottoman ship to take him home via Suez and Jeddah. Al-Būsaʿīdī is an alert traveller who realistically observes local customs, especially those related to religion. No less relevant, he has noted down a not inconsiderable number of data expressed in facts and figures. He also gives advice on how to travel.

  • Cuperly, Pierre
    ʿAqīdat Abī Sahl Yaḥyà/La ʿAqīda d’Abū Sahl Yaḥyà

    Edition and translation. Arabic text pp. 41-47, an introduction (much the same as Cuperly 1979, 67-74); text of the ʿAqīda: pp. 48-69, 55-84; French translation of the ʿAqīda: pp. 70-94, 85-119.

  • Juynboll, Gautier H. A. ; Ess, Josef van
    Early development of Kalām
  • Floor, Willem
    First contacts between the Netherlands and Masqat or, a report on the discovery of the coast of Oman in 1666: translation and introduction
  • Talbi, Mohamed
    Études d’histoire ifriqiyenne et de civilisation musulmane médiévale
  • Talbi, Mohamed
    La conversion des Berbères au Khārijisme Ibādito-Sufrite et la nouvelle carte politique du Maghreb au IIe/VIIIe siècle

    In this article, after an explanation of Wilāya - Barā’a, Quʿūd - Khurūj, Shirā’ and Taqiyya/Kitmān in “la théologie politique” of the Khārijites, detailed opinions follow on the introduction of Khārijism in the Maghreb (mainly based on non-Ibāḍī sources; of Ibāḍī sources Le Tourneau 1960, Darjīnī: Ṭabaqāt and Shammākhī: Siyar are mentioned). Treating the introduction of Ibāḍism in the Maghreb, al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb’s Musnad or al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ in the redaction of Warjlānī is being discussed (with on page 37 note 2 a discussion of Massignon 1938). Then follow descriptions of the Berber kingdoms of Tāmasna, Tlemcen, the region of Tripoli, Sijilmāsa, Tāhart and Kairouan.

  • Juynboll, Gautier H. A. ; Wilkinson, John Craven
    The early development of the Ibāḍi movement in Basra

    The internal view of the development of the Ibāḍī movement (125-126); The Khawārij beginnings (126-131); The Tafrīq of the Khawārij (131-136); The period of “intellectual” development (132-136); Proto-Ibāḍism (136-138); The organization of the Daʿwa (138-140); The Omani conversion (140-143); The Ṣufriyya-Ibāḍiyya split (143-144). At the end of his study, Wilkinson concludes: “So it can be seen that while Ibāḍī doctrine might have originated in a non-tribal milieu, it was closely linked with the political ambitions of tribal or national groups in its period of expansion. At a later stage it was able to modify the excesses of the tribal way of life in Oman, but its history was never divorced wholly from tribal politics. Indeed it could not be, for at root the concepts of the Imāma and Wilāya represented a religious transformation of tribal formulations of political power.”

  • Cuperly, Pierre
    Un document ancien sur l’urbanisme au Mzab

    Arabic text and translation of the last chapter (112-118) of the third part of Kitāb Uṣūl al-Arāḍīn by Abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Abī ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Abī Bakr [al-Nafūsī]. Mainly on irrigation.

  • Eickelman, Dale F.
    Religious tradition, economic domination and political legitimacy: Morocco and Oman

    Oman, as it has been cut off from its neighbours and from western influence unto recent years, seems the right country for studying so-called traditional Islam. But, as soon as it is approached from the ethnographic and social historical point of view, the notion of tradition appears more complex than that can be extracted from religious texts and authorities. It is replaced by that of traditions where political and religious powers interfere. Although many ethnic groups and various religious identities coexist, Oman’s religion is mainly the Ibāḍī Islam marked by an egalitarianism convenient to the “tribe” organization and by the imamate leadership. The social organization and the religious rule were, however, influenced by involvement in maritime trade and dominions in East Africa. Sociological comparisons with Morocco enlight the complex relations which exist and have existed between religion, social organization, economic and political power.

  • Wilkinson, John Craven ; Niblock, Tim
    Changes in the structure of village life in Oman
  • Wrigley, W. David
    Germany And The Turco-Italian War, 1911–1912

    The events of the Turco-Italian War (1911–1912) presented several complex problems for Germany's diplomatic and economic policies in the Near East. First, the War served as a test of strength for the Triple Alliance, because the Wilhelmstrasse (German foreign ministry) had guaranteed to maintain Italian interests in Tripolitania, but the hostilities threatened to spread into Macedonia where the Wilhelmstrasse had guaranteed Austrian interests. If the status quo of the Balkans was disturbed by the War, then an Austro-Russian diplomatic struggle might ensue, thus requiring German support for Austria-Hungary. The Germans were forced to support Italian interests in Tripolitania, while simultaneously preserving Austrian interests in the Balkans. Under these circumstances, could Germany preserve the solidarity of the Triple Alliance against internal dissension?

  • Chikh, Slimane
    Hommage à Abū ‘l-Yaqẓān
  • Chikh, Slimane
    Ibadisme et société: la délibération des ʿAzzāba de Beni Isguen (27 Ram. 1399/20 août 1979)

    The author places the text (182-186) in its religious, economic and social context. It concerns rules for more restrained marriage ceremonies. Mīzāb, situated between the oil and gas fields of Hassi R’mel and Hassi Mesaoud, has seen a spectacular economic flourishing. The influx of tourists, of workers from the North, modern communications and other modern developments have a serious impact on the relative isolation of the Mīzāb and on its traditional social structure.

  • Cole, Simon M.
    Secret diplomacy and the Cyrenaican settlement of 1917
  • Morewedge, Parviz ; Madelung, Wilferd
    The Shiite and Khārijite contribution to pre-Ashʿarite Kalām
  • Cleveland, William L.
    The Municipal Council of Tunis, 1858–1870: A Study in Urban Institutional Change

    Throughout the nineteenth century, the cities on the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean, Tunis, Alexandria, Beirut, Smyrna, and Istanbul among them, experienced an influx of foreign communities which, combined with an increase in the indigenous populations and new urban policies on the part of certain rulers, tended to disrupt customary patterns of urban relationships. Although the scholarship of recent years has provided a new awareness of the network of interrelationships which held together the segments of medieval Islamic urban society, studies on the nineteenth-century changes in those relationships as represented by the policies of Muhammad ῾Alī, Aḥmad Bey, and the Ottoman Tanzimat reformers, have tended to focus more on aspects of state and government than on cities as such. Yet cities, especially capital cities, reflect most intensely periods of social and institutional transition.

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