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Résumés

Canard, Marius ; Lewicki, Tadeusz

Les travaux de T. Lewicki concernant le Maghrib et en particulier les Ibāḍites
Çaycı, Abdurrahman

Guma isyanı öncesinde Fransa’nın Trablusgarb siyaseti

[France’s Tripolitania policy before the rebellion of Ghūma]

Consulter sur belleten.gov.tr
Collot, Claude

Moufdi Zakaria, nationaliste algérien et chantre du Maghreb arabe
Chabert, Alexandre

Le comportement économique des musulmans. Une exception: les Mozabites

A survey of Mīzābī commercial activity in Mīzāb and, especially, outside Mīzāb, with official statistical data
Cadenat, Paul

Découverte à Tihert-Tagdempt d’un “Dénéral” d’époque fatimide
Bang, Anne K.

Intellectuals and civil servants: early 20th century Zanzibar ʿUlamā’ and the colonial state

This paper depicts social and cultural life in Zanzibar early 20th century, with special emphasis on the important role played by the Shāfiʿī Qāḍīs Aḥmad b. Abī Bakr b. Sumayṭ (1861-1925), Burhān b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Amawī (1861-1935) and Ṭāhir b. Abī Bakr al-Amawī (1877-1938), and the Ibāḍī Qāḍī ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Mundhirī (1866-1925). A description of the Zanzibar legal system at the time is given, and questions like Waqf regulations, religious instruction and the language question (Swahili-Arabic) are treated.
Bang, Anne K. ; Vikør, Knut S.

A tale of three shambas. Shāfiʿī-Ibāḍī legal cooperation in the Zanzibar protectorate. Part I.

In this article three cases before the Sultan’s Court for Zanzibar and Pemba are presented over inheritance involving the possession of shambas, farms and farmhouses in the agricultural areas (from the Zanzibar National Archive, files HC8/1-140). For the Ibāḍiyya, the main legal text was K. al-Nīl wa-Shifā’ al-ʿAlīl of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Muṣʿabī al-Thamīnī (1130-1223/1718-1808). To this, the most frequently used commentary was Sharḥ al-Nīl by Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish (1260-1332/1820-1914). Another much used work on Ibāḍī inheritance law was the Mukhtaṣar by the Omani author Abū ‘l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Bisyawī. Pp. 8-9: information on the Ibāḍī Qāḍī ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Mundhirī (1866-1925).
Costa, Paolo M.

Monumental Evidence of the Ancient Jewish Community at Sohar (Oman)
Francesca, Ersilia

From the individualism to the community’s power: the economic implications of the Wilāya/Barā’a dynamic among the Ibāḍīs

At the end of the article, p. 75: among the Mozabites, Wilāya and Barā’a represent a religious transformation of tribal politics. The notables’ authority could not exist without a social structure founded in the clan. Each clan designates its representatives in the Jamāʿa and its notables, who direct the group’s business, form a restricted assembly which meets in the presence of one of the members of the Ḥalqa (Bourdieu 1962, 41-42). This connection between religious solidarity and agnatic groups’ power assures that community ties remain very strong even among emigrants. Particularism and individualism are banished and each Ibāḍī has a strong feeling of belonging to “the chosen people”, distinguished by their rigor and intransigence. In terms of organization of entrepreneurial activity, the solidarity existing among the Mozabites is converted into commercial cooperation. The business establishments in the Tell are generally the property of the family group, and in most cases the employees are members of the owner’s family or else come from the same clan or city. This family organization of the business enterprise, thanks to the very limited costs, allows the Mozabites to sell at competitive prices. Moreover, mutual aid is praticed in every possible occasion (Bourdieu 1962, 48; Chabert 1961, 348). In this way, fidelity to the traditional social structure, far from being an obstacle to their competitiveness in the capitalistic system, rather favours it and makes it easier.
Baḥḥāz, Ibrāhīm

Thalāthu Rasā’il Makhṭūṭa ḥawla al-Ibāḍiyya al-Mīzābiyyīn bi’l-Jazā’ir fī ‘l-ʿAhd al-ʿUthmānī

The Ottoman period in Algeria was from 1515-1830. These three letters are from the private library of Muḥ. al-Ḥājj Saʿīd b. Ayyūb in Ghardaïa, Mīzāb. The first letter (Dhū ‘l-Qaʿda 1206/1792) contains a complaint from the Mīzābīs to the Dāy Bābā Ḥasan (1791-1798) about the intention of Ṣāliḥ Bāy, Bāy of Constantine (1771-1792), to subdue the Mīzābīs and their families, to lead their women and children into captivity, and subsequently to exterminate them, probably for no other reason then their belonging to the Ibāḍī Madhhab. The second letter (Muḥarram 1207/Aug. 1792) is a letter of thanks for the Dāy’s help. The third one (end of Ṣafar 1207/1792), to al-Ḥājj ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf, Siḥr of the Dāy and their mediator with the Dāy, “expresses the acknowledgment of what is beautiful by its writers”; it contains the aforementioned complaint and the Mīzābīs’ gratitude.
Ginat, Joseph ; Khazanov, Anatoly M. ; Eickelman, Dale F.

Being bedouin: nomads and tribes in the Arab social imagination

Pp. 41-46 on the MS of Ibr. b. Saʿīd al-ʿIbrī (d. 1975) on the history of the ʿIbriyyūn
Haarmann, Ulrich

The dead ostrich. Life and trade in Ghadāmes (Libya) in the nineteenth century
Rebstock, Ulrich ; Cilardo, Agostino

Review : Cilardo, Agostino: (1996) Diritto ereditario islamico delle scuole giuridiche sunnite (Ḥanafita, Malikita, Shāfiʿita e Ḥanbalita) e delle scuole giuridiche Zaydita, Ẓāhirita e Ibāḍita: casistica. Rome/Naples: Istituto per l’Oriente “C.A. Nallino”/Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dpt. di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, 1996, (701 pp., 24x17 cm.).
Bono, Salvatore

Les Pays Bas et la guerre de Libye (1911-1912)

On international diplomatic efforts to put an end to the Italian-Turkish conflict. The Dutch initiative took place mid-December 1911.
Daddi Addoun, Yacine

Les communautés noires du Mzab
Eickelman, Dale F. ; Dennison, M. G.

Arabizing the Omani intelligence services: Clash of cultures?
Ruedy, John ; Holsinger, Donald C.

Islam and state expansion in Algeria: nineteenth-century Saharan frontiers
Adīb, D. ; Schwartz, Werner ; Ibn Yaʿqūb, Sālim

Review: Schwartz, Werner: (1986) Kitāb Ibn Sallām. Eine ibāḍitisch-maghribinische Geschichte des Islams aus dem 3./9. Jahrhundert. Hrsg. von Werner Schwartz und Shaikh Sālim ibn Yaʿqūb. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag (in Kommission von: Orient Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Beirut), 1986, (168 pp., 24,5x17,5 cm.). ISBN 3-515-04497-3.
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine ; Ruphin, Solange-Marie

Présence étrangère et exercice du pouvoir politique à Zanzibar, 1840-1873
Sheriff, Abdul Mohamed Hussein

Mosques, merchants and landowners in Zanzibar stone town

In the old “stone town” of Zanzibar west of the former creek there are about fifty mosques, mostly built during the 19th century. By studying these mosques, this paper reconstructs the growth and economic and social history of the town. It demonstrates that merchants as well as landowners supported the construction of mosques and that the construction of mosques was an important aspect of urban development. An examiniation of the growth of Zanzibar town shows that, from the latter part of the 18th century, Zanzibar began to develop as the centre of a commercial empire based on the twin foundations of transit trade and plantation agriculture. The history of the mosques can be divided into several phases, of course with some overlap. First the Sunnī mercantile tradition and the mosques built during this phase are described. By the 1840s, a new phase is discernible in mosque construction, a phase dominated by the Ibāḍī tradition with its unique architectural features reflecting Ibāḍī dogmas and practices. Finally, attention is paid to Ibāḍī-Sunnī interaction (Catalogue African Studies Centre, Leiden). At Zanzibar, the Ibāḍīs were a minority sect that tended to be gradually absorbed by the Shāfiʿī denomination. Generally the two denominations lived together in perfect harmony. Only under Sultan Barghash b. Saʿīd (Sultan 1870-1888), who was under the influence of the Ibāḍī Imamate movement in Oman, an Ibāḍī Nahḍa occurred which lead to some tension between Ibāḍīs and Sunnīs (pp. 17-19).

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