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Lewicki, Tadeusz

The Ibāḍites in Arabia and Africa

The Ibāḍī community at Basra in the seventh to ninth centuries and the origins of the Ibāḍī states in Arabia and Africa. The Ibāḍīs in North Africa and the Sudan to the fourteenth century. On p. 81 a map of the Ibādī realm in North Africa in the Middle Ages. P. 99 note 77: the Ibāḍī collection of Smogorzewski in Lwów is now in Cracow. See Būʿaṣbāna 1991.
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Un État soudanais médiéval inconnu: le royaume de Zāfūn(u)

The kingdom of Zāfūn was probably situated in the southern Sahel, between the Senegal river and the ruins of Koumbi Saleh. It became independent in 1076 A.D., after the Almoravids had conquered Ghana. Its flourishing started in the second quarter of the 12th century, when the king succeeded in dominating several nomadic Berbers in the western Sahara, who were part of the confederation of the Almoravids. In this period an important commercial route between western Sudan and the western Maghrib was realised. In 1150 the domination of the king of Zāfūn over the petty black states of the western Sudan ceased and the kings of Ghana overpowered Zāfūn again (Catalogue African Studies Centre in Leiden).
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Les origines de l’Islam dans les tribus berbères du Sahara occidental: Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr et ʿUbayd Allāh ibn al-Ḥabḥāb
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Une croyance des Ibāḍites nord-africains sur la fin du monde: le pays de Jughrāf

The mythical place where all believers, i.e. the Ibāḍīs who preserved their faith, were supposed to gather shortly before the end of times. Lewicki identifies Jughrāf with a valley in the Sahara, called Jughrāf, with a thermal source and palmeries, inhabited by the Tuareg tribe Kel Immidir. In old times, probably already in the 9th century A.D or earlier, a trade route of Ibāḍī merchants leading to Tādmekka and further south to Gao traversed this valley. Later this route fell into disuse and oblivion, and became a semi-mythical symbol. Later Ibāḍī traditionists placed Jughrāf in Oued Righ. Lewicki’s article is mainly based on Warjlānī, Abū Zak. Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr: K. al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma (end of part 2), Anonymous: Siyar al-Mashāyikh, and Shammākhī: K. al-Siyar.
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Un royaume ibāḍite peu connu: l’État des Banū Masāla (IXe s.)
Kutluay, Yaşar

Ibâdilere ait bazı metinler

[Some Ibāḍi texts]. On Qalhātī, Abū ʿAbdl. Muḥ. b. Saʿīd: K. al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān fī Sharḥ Iftirāq al-Firaq wa’l-Adyān, of which vols. 2 and 3 (in one binding) are in the library of the British Museum (Or. 2606; Rieu 1894, 121-124); Kutluay says (p. 148) that he intends to publish at the first available opportunity the last part of the section on the history of the Madhāhib, with a Turkish translation. Furthermore, Kutluay mentions, with short observations: Ibn al Naẓar’s Dīwān (British Museum, Or. 2434, 73 ff.; Rieu, 209); Ḥaḍramī, Abū Isḥāq Ibr. b. Qays’s K. mā lā yasaʿu Jahluhu (British Museum, Or. 3744, 117 ff; Rieu, 762); a titleless work by Darwīsh b. Jumʿa al-Maḥrūqī of which only 19 chapters of the total of 87 are present (British Museum, Or. 2085, 70 ff.); a Sharḥ on the Dīwān of Ibn al-Naẓar, of which the author is not clear and of which the first volume is missing (British Museum, Or. 2915, 193 ff.). Of the first two works Kutluay mentions the contents.
Abū ‘l-Yaqẓān, Ibrāhīm b. ʿĪsà

Dafʿ Shabah al-Bāṭil ʿan il-Ibāḍiyya al-Wahbiyya al-Muḥiqqa

Autographed, stencilled.* Farṣūṣ 1992, 47: written in reaction to the failures in an article in the Egyptian journal al-Muṣawwar, which had published an article entitled man hum al-Khawārij. This article was published when Sayyid Quṭb was put on trial and had said that he had been inspired by the slogan lā Ḥukma illā li’llāh of the Khārijites. Jaʿbīrī 1987, 782: MS. An article of 8 pp., 28x15 cm., 28 lines, 1386/1966. The author answers three questions: belong al-Ibāḍiyya al-Wahbiyya to the Khawārij? Are they killers and shedders of blood of the Ahl al-Tawḥīd and are they aggressive against them? Who were the leaders in those days?
Grandchamp, Pierre

Études d’Histoire Tunisienne, XVIIe-XXe Siècles
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Sur le nom de Dieu chez les Berbères médiévaux

The old-Berber name for God, equivalent of Allāh, was Yākush/Yākūsh or Yūsh. It is not known whether this was a pre-islamic name that was later identified with Allāh, or a new term created for the idea of the One and Unique God. References are being made to i.a. Lewicki 1934a, Marcy 1936 and Motylinski 1905a.
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Survivances chez les Berbères médiévaux d’ère musulmane de cultes anciens et de croyances païennes

On the last pagans among the Berbers in the period of the 8th-11th century A.D., the cult of rocks, stones and water, the belief in protective ghosts and in mythical demons, the cult of footprints and trails of blood, and on magical admonitions and prohibitions. The main sources for this study are Ibn Sallām through Shammākhī: K. al-Siyar, Basset 1899 (which is based on Shammākhī, o.c., 598-600), and Masqueray 1878a (Warjlānī, Abū Zak. Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr: K. al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma).
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Prophètes, devins et magiciens chez les Berbères médiévaux
Dembsky, W.

Katalog rekopisów arabskich

pp. 72, 77-89 (Ibāḍī MSS)
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Traits d’histoire du commerce transsaharien: Marchands et missionnaires ibāḍites en Soudan occidental et central au cours des VIIIe-XIIe siècles
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Ibaditica I. Tasmiya shuyūkh Nafūsa

Based on Anonymous: Dhikr Asmā’ baʿḍ Shuyūkh al-Wahbiyya, in appendix to Shammākhī: Siyar (pp. 588-598), complemented with other sources, notably Darjīnī: Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh, Shammākhī: Siyar, Masqueray 1878a, and other Siyar books. First Lewicki treats a short list of authors mentioned at the end of Dhikr Asmā’ baʿḍ Shuyūkh al-Wahbiyya (pp. 89-94), then he edits and comments on the text of Tasmiyat Shuyūkh Nafūsa, which constitutes the first part of Dhikr Asmā’ and which contains a list of more than 90 personalities of the tribe Nafūsa (pp. 94-120).
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Quelques extraits inédits relatifs aux voyages des commerçants et des missionaires ibāḍites nord-africains au pays du Soudan occidental et central au Moyen Âge

Extracts with detailed annotations from: - Abū Zakariyyā’ Yaḥyà b. Abī Bakr al-Warjlānī: Kitāb al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma (4-7); - Abū ‘l-Rabīʿ Sul. b. ʿAbd al-Sallām al-Wisyānī: Kitāb al-Siyar (10-17); - Anonymous: Siyar al-Mashāyikh (18-27). On pp. 2-4, 7-10, 17-18 detailed information on the authors and on the MSS (from the Smogorzewski collection, in 1960 in Cracow).
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Les Ibāḍites dans l’Arabie du Sud au moyen-âge

Based mainly on Sunnī sources. Furthermore, i.a., on: - Shammākhī: Siyar; - Darjīnī: K. Ṭabaqāt al-Mashāyikh; al-Siyar al-ʿUmāniyya; - ʿAbdl. b. Ḥumayyid al-Sālimī: al-Lumʿa al-Murḍiya; - Masqueray 1878a, Chronique d’Abou Zakaria; - Abū Isḥāq Ibr. b. Qays al-Ḥaḍramī: Dīwān al-Sayf al-Naqqād.
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Les Ibāḍites en Tunisie au Moyen-Age
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Un document ibāḍite inédit sur l’émigration des Nafūsa du Jabal dans le Sāḥil tunisien au VIIIe/IXe siècle
Kafafi, Muḥammad

The rise of Khārijism according to Abū Saʿīd Muḥammad b. Saʿīd al-Azdī al-Qalhātī

A short description of contents and abbreviated translation of the section that deals with the Khawārij from al-Qalhātī: al-Kashf wa’l-Bayān (MS in the British Museum, Or. 2606; see for a description Rieu 1894, 121-124). Wilkinson 1976a, 143: ... Thus one soon learns that Abū Saʿīd is inevitably Abū Saʿīd Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Kudamī and so could never be confused with Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Qalhātī, as the British Museum cataloguer (Sup. Cat. of Arab MSS, 1894, 121-124) has done.
Lewicki, Tadeusz

Une langue romane oubliée de l’Afrique du Nord. Observations d’un arabisant

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