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La guerre de 2011 contre le régime de Kadhafi a engendré une résurgence du régionalisme et du tribalisme. La transition politique qui a suivi s’est soldée par un échec. Une analyse de la situation actuelle et une proposition de scenario de sortie de crise

‮يمكن أن تُسهم دراسة مخطوطات الباسي الإباضيّة منها، رغم ما شابها من ضياع، في إعادة تأريخ المكتبة، كما يمكنها أن تلقي ضوءا على تاريخ العائلة في علاقتها بالإباضيّة مدّا وجزرا. فضلا عن أهميّة دراسة المجموعات الإباضيّة في الكشف عن حركة صور تلقّي العلوم والمعارف وتبادلها داخل الفضاء الجزيريّ وتأثرها بالفضاءات المتاخمة لها وعن علاقات الجوار والتّثاقف بين إباضيي جربة مع غيرهم مغربا ومشرقا، وتشي بعمق تواصلهم المغاربيّ والمتوسطيّ. ويصير المخطوط تبعا لذلك خزّانا للأفكار والرّؤى والتصوّرات، لا يقلّ أهميّة عن التّحف المتحفيّة والمباني المعماريّة، ومختلف مكوّنات التّراث الماديّ وغير الماديّ الأخرى. تلك هي ملامح الحركة الدّؤوب التي تتكشّف من خلال دراسة مجموعات المخطوطات الإباضيّة بجربة، والتي تنمّ عن ثقافة المخطوط عند الإباضيّة، وتبرز مكانة العلم والتعلّم في الجزيرة، وفي حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسّط عموما. وقد أسهم مشروع رقمنة مكتبة الباسيّين بجربة في التفطّن إلى مجموعة من المخطوطات الإباضيّة على جانب كبير من الطّرافة والقيمة العلميّة تبرز هذا التّفاعل الحيّ بين إباضيّة جربة وغيرها من مناطق العلم والمعرفة، كما تؤكّد على علوّ شأن آل الباسي ومؤسّسيها الحاج سالم وعثمان تحديدا، وتكشف عن تنوّع مصادر مخطوطات الباسي وحرص القائمين عليها على جلبها ونسخها وعنايتهم بتجليدها وحفظها‬‎</p></section>

This article focuses on letters in private Ibadi libraries and their importance for understanding the primary means of communication among Ibadi communities in the premodern Maghrib. Using the example of a letter from the 7th/13th-century Ibadi Shaykh Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Ṣidghiyānī from the island of Djerba (Tunisia) to the Ibadis of Warjalān (Algeria), it seeks to highlight the importance of the archive of unedited Ibadi manuscript letters. This corpus of correspondences has not received the care and maintenance it merits because these letters do not belong to a recognized volume or book and are today located in private libraries unavailable to the public. The article also uses the example of al-Ṣidghiyānī’s letter to emphasize the importance of the manuscript letters and their role in maintaining intellectual ties among the Ibadi cities of the Maghrib. This brief article consists of two parts. The first part offers a general presentation of the archive where the letter is today held: the El Barounia Library in Djerba, Tunisia. The second part presents the manuscript and its author in their historical context.</p></section>

L’ article vise à passer en revue et à comprendre la culture ibadite de la population de Djerba dans le domaine de la production des actes de <em>waqf</em> à l’ époque moderne. À l’ origine, les résidents de Djerba utilisaient des contrats de <em>waqf</em> oraux et coutumiers conclus au nom de la « congrégation des fidèles de la mosquée » et sous le titre du <em>waqf</em> général. Leurs contrats de <em>waqf</em> ont évolué dans de nombreuses et différentes directions. La majorité de ces contrats sont devenus écrits en raison de l’ influence du voisinage malékite dont la présence sur l’ île remonte à l’ époque hafside. Certains de ces contrats sont cependant restés coutumiers, et ils sont devenus des <em>waqf</em>s publics associés aux zaouïas, comme ce fut le cas avec les malékites. D’ autres ont été transférés de la coutume et de l’ oral à des documents écrits à caractère officiel agréé par le pouvoir judiciaire malékite. Les ibadites ont eu recours à produire des actes de <em>waqf</em> conformes aux valeurs de la science du témoin et à la jurisprudence malékite. La diaspora ibadite djerbienne, dont la relation sociale est régie par ses institutions du pouvoir local (<em>niẓām al-ʿazzāba</em>), a produit des actes qui respectent les valeurs de l’ école de jurisprudence malékite.

This article examines the circulation of manuscripts in the Mzab Valley in southern Algeria during the 9th–10th/15th–16th centuries in an attempt to identify the most prominent copyists in the region. The primary aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of manuscripts for the Mzab’s Ibadi Muslim community in this period and to demonstrate its impact on the intellectual and cultural life of the region.

Within the framework of studies concerning the importance of European manuscript collections for Ibadi history, this article aims at retracing the history of an archive put together by the French scholar Auguste Bossoutrot (1856–1937). This archive gathered a quantity of materials on the Arabic and Berber languages collected during his life. In particular, some of the manuscripts contain parts of a long religious work in Berber (<em>Kitāb al-Barbariyya</em>), discovered in the island of Djerba (Tunisia) among the Ibadi community of the island towards the end of the nineteenth century. This text was firstly discovered and reported to the scientific community by another French scholar, A. De Calassanti-Motylinski (1854–1907), but his untimely death prevented him from publishing it and the whereabouts of the manuscripts that contained it remained unknown until the discovery of Bossoutrot’s papers, which contained the longest extant copy of the work (about 900 pages).

The rise of Islam in the Maghrib al-Aqṣā in the eighth and ninth centuries and the simultaneous onset of deep and lasting political, economic, cultural and social upheavals across the region have led historians to focus on Islamisation as the principal cause of this revolution. This article will explore the possible contribution of environmental factors to economic change, and consequently to social and political development. This discussion relates to the field of historical climatology which has been limited in Africa, and especially in the western Maghrib. It focuses on a case study of the caravan city of Sijilmāsa (Morocco) and argues that an important climate oscillation between the eighth and ninth centuries may have been a decisive factor in its foundation. Finally, it suggests that this climate fluctuation may have been a driving factor in the urbanisation that the Maghrib al-Aqṣā experienced more widely in this period.

Foodways in Southern Oman examines the objects, practices and beliefs relating to producing, obtaining, cooking, eating and disposing of food in the Dhofar region of southern Oman. The chapters consider food preparation, who makes what kind of food, and how and when meals are eaten. Marielle Risse connects what is consumed to themes such as land usage, gender, age, purity, privacy and generosity. She also discusses how foodways are related to issues of morality, safety, religion and tourism. The volume is a result of 14 years of collecting data and insights in Dhofar, covering topics such as catching fish, herding camels, growing fruits, designing kitchens, cooking meals and setting leftovers out for animals. It will be of interest to scholars from a range of disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, food studies, Middle Eastern studies and Islamic studies.

مفهوم دولة القانون و أبعاده السياسية، الإجتماعية و التاريخية ...

Beliefs about the fate of humanity and the soul after death may structure behaviours of religious groups. Here we test theories from religious studies: that belief in an imminent apocalypse co-evolved with and facilitated revolutionary violence, whereas belief in reincarnation caused people to acquiesce to existing social orders and withdraw from political activism. We test these hypotheses by building a cultural phylogeny of historical Islamic sects and schools from the seventh to twentieth centuries and use phylogenetic comparative methods to show that these two types of belief display distinct relationships with intergroup violence. There is substantial evidence that apocalyptic beliefs co-evolved with revolutionary violence, whereas reincarnation beliefs were evolutionarily stable in peaceful groups. In both cases, violence precedes the emergence of beliefs, which suggests that conditions that generate revolutionary violence changed beliefs rather than beliefs generating violence. We also found that apocalyptic beliefs are associated with accelerated group extinction, although causal relationships cannot be determined.

In the bilingual English-Arabic work, The Oral Art of Soqoṭra: A Collection of Island Voices, Miranda Morris and Ṭānuf Sālim Di-Kišin, in collaboration with Soqoṭrans from all parts of the island, present over a thousand examples of poems and songs, prayers, lullabies, work-chants, messages in code, riddles, examples of community wisdom encapsulated in poetic couplets, and stories centred on a short poem or exchange of poems. These were documented by oral transmission directly to the authors, or through recordings collected by them. They are presented in Soqoṭri (transcribed phonetically in Roman and in Arabic script), and in English and Arabic translation.