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Résumés

كوثراني, و. (2004). رشيد رضا وشكيب أرسلان : الموقف من الدولة العثمانية ومن صيغة الدولة البديلة. التسامح, 1(4), 83–103. Fonds Martin Custers.
Hajri, H. al-. (2003). Madkhal ilà Adab al-Riḥlāt fī ʿUmān. Dirāsa Waṣfiyya li’l-Raḥḥāla al-Brīṭāniyyīn, 1626-1970. نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, (35), 10–21. Fonds Martin Custers.
Hinā’ī, ʿAbd al-Malik al-. (2003). al-ʿAlāqāt al-Duwaliyya li-ʿUmān. Shawāhid min al-Māḍī. نزوى: مجلة فصلية ثقافية, (36), 16–24. Fonds Martin Custers.
Mayeur-Jaouen, C. (2002). Les débuts d’une revue néo-salafiste: Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb et al-Fatḥ de 1926 à 1928. Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, (95–98), 227–255. Fonds Martin Custers.
Ferraioli, G. P. (2001). Giolitti e San Giuliano di fronte alla questione della chiusura dell’impresa di Libia: annessione o protettorato? Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 56(3), 325–363. Fonds Martin Custers.

La décision prise par le gouvernement italien, en octobre 1911, de ne pas donner le status de protectorat à la Libye constitua une des principales causes de la transformation de la guerre italo-turque en une guérilla longue et tragique entre les Arabes de Libye et les Italiens. En effet, le choix de Giolitti d'annexer directement la Libye au Royaume d'Italie poussa les Arabes à se joindre aux Turcs pour combattre contre le commun ennemi "chrétien". Pourquoi donc l'Italie rejecta-t-elle la formule du protectorat, si cette formule pouvait prévenir un tel danger? Cet article cherche à répondre à cette question, en analysant surtout la politique clairvoyante du ministre des Affaires étrangères du quatrième gouvernement Giolitti, le marquis Antonino di San Giuliano, qui fut réellement sur le point de mettre fin à la question de Libye avec un protectorat.
Gharāba, Z. M. (2001). al-Fikr al-Iṣlāḥī ʿinda ‘l-Shaykh Abī ‘l-Yaqẓān [Master thesis]. Jāmiʿat al-Amīr ʿAbd al-Qādir.
Ibrahim, M. (2001). Tombs and their inscriptions from Nizwā and al-Ḥaymalī, Sultanate of Oman. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 31, 97–113. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. (2000). Habari za Pate: the history of Pate of Muhammad bin Bwana Mkuu al‑Nabhani revised and enlarged by Muhammad bin Fumo Omari al‑Nabhani (Bwana Kitini). In Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth (Vol. 1, pp. 188–208). Brill. Fonds Martin Custers.
Glassman, J. (2000). Sorting out the Tribes: The Creation of Racial Identities in Colonial Zanzibar’s Newspaper Wars. The Journal of African History, 41(3), 395–428. Fonds Martin Custers.

on the debates and discussions by which Zanzibari intellectuals crafted locally compelling concepts of racial nationalism. These debates occurred in two phases. The first involved promotion of the idea of exlusionary ethnic nationalism. This was accomplished largely by the elite literati, affiliated with the Arab Association and Zanzibar National Party, who immagined a national community defined by class-bound criteria of arabocentric “civilization”. In the second phase, poorly educated propagandists affiliated with the African Association countered with their own vision of exclusionary ethnic nationalism, one that immagined the nation in explicitly racial terms. Most of the article phocuses on the second of these phases, examining debates from the popular newspapers of the 1950s, [especially the racial nationalists of Afrika Kwetu and the elite nationalists of Mwongozi. The latter was edited by Ali Muhsin al-Barwani].

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Jaabiri, F. (2000). Le Mzāb-Cité état. In M. H. Hansen (Ed.), A comparative study of thirty city-state cultures: an investigation (pp. 445–462). Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Valeri, M. (2007). Chronologie des événements en Oman en 2006. Chroniques yéménites, (14), 218–241. https://doi.org/10.4000/cy.1509

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Valeri, M. (2007). Something Stirring under the Still Waters of Oman: Tightening the Grip or Revitalizing the Monarchy? Chroniques Yéménites, (14), 105116. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.4000/cy.1472

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Vernet, T. (2002). Les cités-États swahili et la puissance omanaise (1650-1720). Journal des africanistes, 7(2), 89–110. Fonds Martin Custers.

Based mainly on documentation from Lisbon archival centres. Abstract: between 1650 and 1698, some Swahili cities or factions saw the emerging Omani power as an ally to back their struggle against Portuguese imperialism; Oman was a trading partner in full expansion and, at the time, a source of political support. However, after 1698, when the Swahili Coast had come under Omani control, a strong resentment spread against the new occupying force which was accused, as were the Portuguese, of threatening the political and economic independence of the Swahili city-states.

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Hsu, C.-H. (2004). A survey of Arabic-character publications printed in Egypt during the period 1238-1267 (1822-1851). In P. C. Sadgrove (Ed.), History of printing and publishing in the languages and countries of the Middle East (pp. 1–16). Oxford University Press. Fonds Martin Custers.
Mansour, M. el-. (2001). Maghribis in the Mashriq during the modern period: representations of the other within the world of Islam. In J. Clancy-Smith (Ed.), North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean world: from the Almoravids to the Algerian War (pp. 81–104). Franck Cass. Fonds Martin Custers.
Purpura, A. (2000). Portrait of Seyyid Silima from Zanzibar: piety and subversion in Islamic prayer. In D. Parkin & S. C. Headley (Eds.), Islamic prayer across the Indian Ocean: inside and outside the mosque (pp. 117–136). Curzon. Fonds Martin Custers.
المريمي, م. (2002). ‏الذاكرة العائلية وواقع مجموعات مستاوى في جزيرة جربة خلال القرنين 18 و 19م. Revue de l’Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes, 65(190), 47–78. Fonds Martin Custers.

Based mainly on some 16 documents of the Āl al-Saṭūrī, provided by Saʿīd al-Sāṭūrī, of which the oldest goes back to 1220/1805-6 and the latest to the twentieth century, and on oral information. Also on documents related to Jerba in the Tunisian National Archives. This article studies the family memory of the Āl al-Sāṭūrī, with regard to the historical memory of the Mistāwa community of Jerba. Many Mistāwa families have forgotten that they belonged, until fairly recently, to al-Ibāḍiyya, while scholars of al-Ibāḍiyya al-Wahbiyya state that there was no difference between al-Wahbiyya and Mistāwa (or Nukkār; two groups at Jerba, the Mistāwa are followers of ʿAbdl. b. Yazīd al-Fazārī al-Baṣrī, and the others followers of Khalaf b. Samaḥ); both were Ibāḍis (Ibn Yaʿqūb, Sālim and Qāsim Qūja 1985). The Saṭūrī family, as did many other Mistāwa families, climbed up the social ladder by becoming Mālikīs.

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Maḥrūqī, M. al-. (2001). Religious discourse in the poetry of Abū Muslim al-Bahlānī. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 14(1), 89–106. Fonds Martin Custers. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181397

This article presents themes and techniques of the religious discourse of Abū Muslim al-Bahlānī. Al-Bahlānī was an Omani poet, born in Oman in 1860 who spent most of his life in Zanzibar where he died in 1920. His poetry is a good example of a strong link between art and politics. While the themes are centred around criticizing society and aiming to instigate revolution against people who do not follow Islamic laws, the techniques create harmony in the structure of this discourse. The author argues that this poetry is based on Ibāḍī sulūk, which itself can be considered as an extension of the Kharijite trend. Although, sulūk is linked with zuhd as a way of giving less value to this life, sulūk has some other implications which do not exist with zuhd. Hence, sulūk is not only a way of worshipping God, it is also a set of ideas which aim to change society and establish an Ibāḍī imamate. This attitude can be found with some sulūk leaders such as Jā'id al-Kharūṣī and Sa'īd al-Khalīlī.

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Limbert, M. E. (2005). Personal memories, revolutionary states and Indian Ocean migrations. MIT Electronical Journal of Middle East Studies, 5, 21–33. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Hoffman, V. J. (2005). Muslim-Christian encounters in late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. MIT Electronical Journal of Middle East Studies, 5, 59–78. Fonds Martin Custers.

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