Your search

This article explores Talāq, which refers to the right of men in Islam to divorce their wives, with particular emphasis upon triple Talāq. This article seeks to answer the question of how triple Talāq at one time is applied in modern-day Muslim societies, in light of contemporary socio-economic conditions. The historical events surrounding the emergence of triple Talāq in Islam demonstrates the possibility of its renewal in Islamic law. This is significant because it demonstrates that, contrary to the teaching of many Muslim scholars including contemporary Ibadī scholars in Oman, change and renewal are not inimical to Islam but rather intrinsic to it. I argue here that the inflexibility of Ibadī scholars regarding triple Talāq at one time promotes gender inequality and discriminatory practices in Oman, especially towards women. This article begins by exploring the different methods of Talāq in Islamic law. It then focuses on triple Talāq at one time (in one event). The discussion of triple Talāq at one time aims to explore the interaction between legal, economic and social factors, on one hand, and how these factors have affected the law of triple Talāq during both pre-modern and contemporary Muslim societies. Subsequently, the article will examine how contemporary Muslim scholars react to the new social and economic factors associated with triple Talāq at one time.

The last fifty years mark a period of great change in the role of religious leadership and education in the Sultanate of Oman. The country moved from bifurcated leadership between an Imam and a Sultan to a single political authority. These decades also witnessed the modernisation of the state. These factors combined to reshape the place of religion and religious education in society. Whereas previously religious leaders had relative autonomy and more direct political influence, now they were brought under the auspices of the government with their focus circumscribed to religious matters. The structures and foci of religious education were then reshaped so that tradition provided a platform for progress and the more zealous ideologies emerging in the region could be held at bay. This has permitted Oman to modernise and engage with a global society in an amicable, non-sectarian, manner.

First published in 1872, this two-volume memoir by explorer, ethnographer and diplomat Sir Richard Burton (1821–90) was written while Burton and John Hanning Speke were making preparations for their expedition to solve one of the major geographical mysteries of the nineteenth century - the location of the source of the Nile. The pair arrived in Zanzibar in December 1856, and Burton made detailed notes on his surroundings which were developed into Volume 1, which focuses on 'The City and the Island', including Burton's journey preparations and arrival. He discusses the significance of the 'Nile question' as well as recording geographical, botanical, meteorological and ethnographic observations. The manuscript on which the book is based, entrusted to an East India Company official for dispatch to the Royal Geographical Society, was initially misplaced, thus delaying publication by twelve years, but enabling Burton to add a chapter on Speke's achievement and untimely death.

First published in 1872, this two-volume memoir by explorer, ethnographer and diplomat Sir Richard Burton (1821–90) was written while Burton and John Hanning Speke were making preparations for their expedition to solve one of the major geographical mysteries of the nineteenth century - the location of the source of the Nile. Volume 2 concerns the two journeys to the interior of West Africa, a 'tentative expedition' in early 1857, and the nineteen-month exploration, which began in June 1857, into the East African highlands. Burton was in poor health, and Speke travelled further north without him; he discovered Lake Victoria, and (rightly) concluded that it was the source of the Nile. This led to the notorious dispute between the two explorers, and in his final chapter, written after Speke's tragic death, Burton gives the history of the argument, and vehemently denies any jealousy or personal enmity on his part.

Wadi Adrar Foundation and Multidisciplinary Study Group “Berber Civility and Vernacolar Architecure” are performing survey missions since 2006 in the Jebel Gabi in Libya, addressed to study archaeological remnants of the ancient autochthonous civility once populating the tripolitanian mountain, to place artefacts in their historical context and finally to disseminate results. Architectural structures both constructed and digged into the rock were asessed, cave dwellings representing the majority of study cases, and showing a wide spectrum of models depending both on the various usage patterns befitting daily life, and on the geological structure of archaeological sites. Hitherto, Wadi Adrar Foundation and Multidisciplinary Study Group “Berber Civility and Vernacolar Ar chitecure” established cooperation toghether with italian Universities of Pisa and Florence, the Mediterra nean University, and with the Alrefak University of Tripoli, costituting working groups that studied, measu red and modeled several abandoned villages, Qasr, single housings and oil mills, all being both constructed or digged into the rock. In the present work the Rock Cave Mosque in Tnumayat is studied in detail, being situated in al-Khirba (the ruins) in the Kabaw neighbourhood. This individual artifact has been selected for the study as it represents an original example of Rock Cave Mosque showing fine digging technique and finely plaster bas-relief decorated interiors. A long inscription situated in the Dromos entrance trabeation allows both construction dating in 454 a.E.-1062 A.D. and customer Abd al-Malik identification. Interior is divided into three naves and a separate area reserved to women is identifiable

Jerba, île paradisiaque du sud d'un pays dont Ben Ali n'est pas encore élu président mais est déjà synonyme d'espoirs pour les Tunisiens avides de liberté. Que vient faire cette Européenne décidée à développer des projets équestres dans un univers jusque-là réservé aux hommes ? D'abord intrigués, ils manigancent ensuite pour mieux la surveiller, voire la séduire et finissent par envier sa réussite. Et lorsque les lois de la charia se conjuguent à l'avidité de policiers corrompus et la rancoeur d'un mari jaloux, tout peut arriver...

Human population movements in North Africa have been mostly restricted to an east-west direction due to the geographical barriers imposed by the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. Although these barriers have not completely impeded human migrations, genetic studies have shown that an east-west genetic gradient exists. However, the lack of genetic information of certain geographical areas and the focus of some studies in parts of the North African landscape have limited the global view of the genetic pool of North African populations. To provide a global view of the North African genetic landscape and population structure, we have analyzed ∼2,300 North African mitochondrial DNA lineages (including 269 new sequences from Libya, in the first mtDNA study of the general Libyan population). Our results show a clinal distribution of certain haplogroups, some of them more frequent in Western (H, HV0, L1b, L3b, U6) or Eastern populations (L0a, R0a, N1b, I, J) that might be the result of human migrations from the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and Europe. Despite this clinal pattern, a genetic discontinuity is found in the Libyan/Egyptian border, suggesting a differential gene flow in the Nile River Valley. Finally, frequency of the post-LGM subclades H1 and H3 is predominant in Libya within the H sequences, highlighting the magnitude of the LGM expansion in North Africa. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Les migrations, internes et internationales, étaient et restent l’une des stratégies d'adaptation des populations du sud-est tunisien face aux difficultés socioéconomiques et écologiques. Ainsi, l’île de Djerba est célèbre par la diversité de ses flux migratoires, qu’il s’agisse des émigrants djerbiens en France et vers Tunis comme des immigrants à Djerba en provenance de toutes les régions de la Tunisie, notamment du Sud-Est. Sur la base de méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives et grâce à un important travail de terrain mené à Djerba, à Tunis et en France, l’objet de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre ces flux migratoires croisés, à travers leurs modes de fonctionnement et d’organisation ainsi que leur impact sur le développement des régions d’origine et sur le bien-être des ménages. Ce travail a apporté les résultats suivants : la migration individuelle historique des chefs des ménages permet de mieux comprendre la situation migratoire actuelle ; l’émigration des Djerbiens vers la France s’est accrue grâce aux réseaux migratoires et au regroupement familial ; le regroupement familial a permis de renforcer à la fois l’émigration des Djerbiens vers Tunis et l’immigration des habitants du Sud-Est tunisien vers Djerba ; Djerba est à la fois un pôle d'immigration et un relais pour l'émigration vers l’étranger ; l’immigration interne à Djerba est liée à l’émigration internationale et vers la capitale des Djerbiens ; les transferts monétaires issus de la migration ont joué un rôle direct secondaire dans le développement du secteur productif des régions d’origine mais ont permis une nette amélioration du niveau de vie et du bien-être des ménages.