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Munzi, M. (2012). Italian archaeologists in colonial Tripolitania. Libyan Studies, 43, 81‑110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263718900000066

This is a contribution to a reassessment of colonial archaeology in Libya, based on the academic and political/ ideological portraits of the archaeologists serving in the Tripolitanian and (from 1936) Libyan Soprintendenza. Italian colonial archaeologists were, often deliberately, instruments of political strategy. They searched for traces of Rome in the nationalistic context of the Libyan War, and sought to reconstruct an idealised vision of the Roman cities during the Fascist Ventennio. The essential continuity between nationalist archaeology of the Liberal period (1910–1922), characterised by the central idea of the civilising force of Rome as a tool of colonial expansion, and the Fascist archaeology of 1922–1943, in which the integration of archaeology with political aims touched on the extreme, sometimes with grotesque results, will be stressed and a chronological overview presented. Negative judgment should be nuanced by placing the colonial archaeology in its historical context, analysing its structure, remembering that its methodological backwardness was shared by metropolitan archaeology, noting the high quality of the restoration work and finally by comparing Italian fieldwork with that of other European excavations in North African or Near Eastern protectorates and colonies. It is not a case of presenting a revisionist interpretation, but of approaching the subject without prejudice.
Akhtar, I. (2014). Negotiating the Racial Boundaries of Khōjā Caste Membership in Late Nineteenth-Century Colonial Zanzibar (1878–1899). Journal of Africana Religions, 2(3), 297‑316. https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrireli.2.3.0297

This article explores late nineteenth-century identity formation and caste boundaries among the Khōjā of colonial Zanzibar. The central concern regarding children born to a non-Khōjā parent was what status, particularly regarding rights of inheritance, the multiracial children born of these relationships had within the caste structure. The case of Nasur Jesa v. Hurbayee suggests that the attitude toward these children was inconsistent; sometimes they were embraced, and at other times they were shunned by the Khōjā community. The Khōjā caste schism in the late nineteenth century and the arrival of Aga Khan III in 1899 further complicated the practice of exogamy. The Sunni and Ithnā ʿAsharī Khōjā further opened their communities through exogamy and continued the practice of plural marriage. At the same time, a command from Aga Khan III to the Āgākhānī Khōjā led to the reinstatement of traditional caste endogamy and a prohibition of interracial marriage. Therefore, both the demographic realities of Zanzibar and the politics of caste affected how the Khōjā interacted with multiracial members of their community and whether they included or excluded them within the caste structure.
[Recens. de Anne Kroell, Louis XIV, La Perse et Mascate, Société d’Histoire de l’Orient, Paris1977. 87 pp. ISBN 2 902558 02 3. Price: 30 FF., par A. Kroell]. (1979). Itinerario, 3(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165115300018763
Rouland, B., & Jarraya, M. (2020). From medical tourism to regionalism from the bottom up: emerging transnational spaces of care between Libya and Tunisia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(20), 4248‑4263. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1597475

This paper analyses the emergence of transnational care through the case study of Libyan patients seeking care in the Tunisian city of Sfax as a result of changes triggered by the 2011 Arab uprisings. Deconstructing categories of ‘medical tourist’ and ‘medical traveller’, we examine how the evolving geopolitical context produced speciﬁc migratory proﬁles (diasporic, traveller, cross-border, war-wounded and transnational patients) and spaces (cross-border, (intra)regional and transnational spaces of care) between Libya and Tunisia. Given a lack of data on the topic in North Africa, we developed a study on health mobilities and circulations from a South-South perspective. Based on a survey amongst Libyan patients (n = 205) in four private clinics and nine semi-structured interviews with health professionals in Sfax, we identiﬁed, how four key geopolitical periods shaped medical travel to this city: (1) initial diasporic exchanges facilitated by bilateral agreements; (2) an emerging medical tourism industry within private health services arising from the UN embargo on Libya; (3) the 2011 political crisis and arrival of war-wounded; and (4) therapeutic circulations and emerging transnational spaces of care resulting from the context of war.

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Goldberg, H. E. (1978). The Jewish wedding in Tripolitania : A study in cultural sources. The Maghreb Review, 3, 1‑6.
Seddon, D. (1976). Notes on: « Primitive Rebels » in the Pre-Colonial Maghreb. The Maghreb Review, 1(3), 18‑20.
Petherbridge, G. T. (1976). Vernacular Architecture in the Maghreb - Some Historical and Geographical Factors. The Maghreb Review, 1(3).
Rhodes, D., Breen, C., & Forsythe, W. (2015). Zanzibar: A Nineteenth-Century Landscape of the Omani Elite. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 19(2), 334‑355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-015-0291-8
Ismāʿīlī, A. (2013). La théorie de l’acte humain dans la pensée ibadite et aš^ʕarite. Al-Andalus Magreb, (20), 125‑150. https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/aam/article/view/7230

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Fusaro, A. (2021). The Islamic Port of al-Balīd (Oman), between Land and Sea: Place of Trade, Exchange, Diversity, and Coexistence. Journal of Material Cultures in the Muslim World, 1(1‑2), 67‑95. https://doi.org/10.1163/26666286-12340003

The site of al-Balīd (Southern Oman), identified as the ancient Ẓafār, was a major port city in the Islamic period. Its strategic position and its history, strongly interdependent with that of neighbouring regions, gave it an important socio-economic role.</p><p>The abundant ceramics and the rich and diverse archaeological materials recovered at the site prove that al-Balīd has always maintained relationships with people living inland and, at the same time, that it was intensively involved in the Indian Ocean trade. The pottery also reflects the coexistence of different traditions, various social classes, and several communities at al-Balīd
Meouak, M. (2020). [Recens. de PREVOST, Virginie. Les mosquées ibadites du Djebel Nafūsa. Architecture, histoire et religions du nord-ouest de la Libye (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle). London: Society for Libyan Studies Monograph 10, 2016, 231 páginas, par V. Prevost]. Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos, 69, 425‑427.
Shah, M. (2005). The Quest for the Origins of the qurrāʾ in the Classical Islamic Tradition / ‮القرّاء وأصولهم في التاريخ الٳسلامي القديم‬. Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 7(2), 1‑35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25728179

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Keshk, K. (2010). When Did Muʿāwiya Become Caliph? Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 69(1), 31‑42. https://doi.org/10.1086/654938
Wilkinson, J. C. (1983). Traditional Concepts of Territory in South East Arabia. The Geographical Journal, 149(3), 301. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.2307/634004
Häser, J. (2000). Formation and transformation processes of oasis settlements in the Sultanate of Oman: preliminary report on a new field project. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 30, 115‑118.
Speece, M. (1987). Duality of Market Structures in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Oman (Der Dualismus der Marktsysteme in Oman während des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts). Erdkunde, 41(3), 196‑210. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25645163

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Tetzlaff, R. (1974). [Recens. de Die Djerbi in Tunesien. Soziologische Analyse einer nordafrikanischen Minderheit, Bd. 11 by Wolfgang Freund, par W. S. Freund]. Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 61(4), 567‑569.
Beguinot, F. (1920). Berbero. Rivista degli studi orientali, 8, 28‑50. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41923119

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Urkevich, L. (2009). [Recens. de Review : Traditional Arts in Southern Arabia: Music and Society in Sohar, Sultanate of Oman, par D. Christensen & S. El-Shawan Castelo-Branc]. The World of Music, 51(3,), 190‑192. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41699918

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Hunter, F. R. (1987). Capital Accumulation and Provincial Power in Pre-Protectorate Tunisia (1850-81): Notes from the Tunis Archives. Middle Eastern Studies, 23(1), 108‑115. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4283158

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