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ملخص البحث: تظهر أهمية البحث في كونه كاشفا لمنهج تربوي معاصر اعتنى بتخريج جيل قرآني يحمل هداية القرآن في واقعنا المعاصر، مع التفاتة أصيلة لمعطيات العصر وتحولاته المختلفة، إضافة إلى رصد جملة من المواقف الحية التي عاشها كاتبا البحث مع الشخصية التي يدور حولها البحث وهي شخصية الشيخ حمود بن حميد الصوافي -حفظه الله تعالى- أحد الأعلام الأغيار في العالم العربي والإسلامي، وتسعى الصفحات البحثية للإجابة عن جملة أسئلة -وهي تجلي مشكلة البحث وتبرزها سعيا لمعالجتها- منها: من هو الشيخ الصوافي؟ وما المنهج الذي سلكه في التعامل مع القرآن وعلومه؟ وكيف كون الشيخ حمود بن حميد الصوافي منهجا أخذ جواهره من معالم التربية القرآنية الإيمانية ليكون مسلكا حصيفا لكل مرب ينشد التكامل في تربية الجيل الحاضر؟ ويهدف هذا البحث إلى جملة مقاصد، أهمها: التعريف بالشيخ حمود بن حميد الصوافي بصورة موجزة، مع إبراز كيفية التعامل مع القرآن وعلومه وبيان جملة من المواقف الحية والتطبيقات العلمية الدالة على تكوين جيل قرآني وقد سلك البحث منهجين: أولهما تاريخي وثانيهما وصفي تحليلي، وقد خلص البحث إلى نتائج أبرزها:  ما ظهر من أثر بالغ للقرآن الكريم اختلط بلحم الشيخ وعظمه منذ نع

ملخص: إن انتشار الفكر الاباضي مبكرًا في أجزاء متفرقة من ليبيا كان له أثر كبير في ربط الصلات فيما بينها، وهذه الدراسة تتناول عرضًا بطابع تاريخي تحليلي حول الصلات الفكرية بين(اباضية فزان جنوبًا واباضية جبل نفوسة في الشمال الغربي) منذ القرن الثاني حتى القرن الرابع الهجري، إذ ساد المذهب في تلك الأنحاء وشهدت القرون الأولى من التاريخ الإسلامي لتلك المواطن كثيراً من الأحداث والمظاهر التي عكست عمق الصلة الفكرية وابعادها المصيرية بين اباضية الإقليمين كإرسال الدعاة وتبادل المؤلفات والفتيا والمراسلات وعقد الحلقات وإقامة الإمامات، وتكمن الإشكالية في معرفة طبيعة الصلات الفكرية بين اباضية فزان وجبل نفوسة وأهدافها؟ والعوامل التي وطدتها؟ وهل تأسست إمامات اباضية فيه؟ وهذا ما ستجيب عنه الدراسة التي توصلت إلى عدة نتائج منها أن المذهب الاباضي كان له دور في توثيق الصلات بين مناطق ليبيا كجبل نفوسة وفزان، وأن اباضية فزان اقاموا إمامات (كتمان ودفاع )عندما استدعت الضرورة لإقامتها على نهج الفكر الاباضي بمباركة من أئمة جبل نفوسة الذين سبقوهم بإقامة تلك الإمامات بالجبل. Abstract: The early spread of Ibadi thought in various parts of Libya had a major impact in linking the links between them. This study deals with the historical and analytical nature about the intellectual links between (Ibadism in Fezzan in the south and Ibadi in Jabal Nafusa in the northwest) from the second century until the fourth century AH, as The doctrine prevailed in those areas, and the first centuries of the Islamic history of that country witnessed many events and manifestations that reflected the depth of the intellectual connection and its fateful dimensions between the Ibadis of the two regions, such as sending preachers, exchanging writings, fatwas, correspondence, holding circles, and establishing imams, and this is what the study will answer, which reached several results, including that: The Ibadi sect played a role in strengthening ties between regions of Libya, such as Jabal Nafusa and Fezzan. The Ibadis of Fezzan established imams (concealment and defense) when necessary to establish them according to the approach of Ibadi thought, with the blessing of the imams of Mount Nafusa who preceded them in establishing those imams in the mountain.

This article aims to provide a forward-looking vision by comparing the Omani and Malaysian experiences in records management and archives, and highlighting the common aspects between them despite the time difference in their establishment. The problem of the study can be formulated in the following question: What are the similarities and differences between the Omani and Malaysian experiences in records management and archives? The study seeks to highlight the importance of investing in the similarities between the two experiences in order to serve workers and specialists in the field in particular, and the field of records and archive management in general. The study relies on the survey methodology by examining the two experiences and describing each experience through several points represented in origin, international standards, and electronic management of records, regional branches, and attention to oral history, private documents, conferences and exhibitions. The study community consists of the authority responsible for supervising this field in both countries, as the National Records and Archives Authority represents the authority responsible for supervising the system in the Sultanate of Oman and the Malaysian National Archives in the Federal Kingdom of Malaysia. Among the most prominent findings of the article: There is a great similarity between the two experiences in many aspects, despite the old Malaysian experience in the management of records and archives.

L’articolo esplora i progetti subsahariani dell’architetto André Ravéreau (Limoges 1919-Aubenas 2017), che costituiscono una delle molte declinazioni del Movimento Moderno in Africa. Allievo di Auguste Perret, Ravéreau fu influenzato anche da Le Corbusier, tanto da ripercorrere le sue tracce compiendo un viaggio per studiare l’architettura sahariana della Valle del M’Zab, resa nota all’occidente dai carnets de voyage di Le Corbu del 1931-33. Negli anni Sessanta Ravéreau si trasferisce in Algeria, dove lavora per circa vent’anni, ricoprendo cariche importanti, dal 1965 al 1973 è Architecte en chef des monuments historiques d’Algérie. A partire dagli anni Settanta il lavoro lo porterà a spingersi in Africa Subsahariana, dove riceve commesse per edifici scolastici e sanitari in Mali, Mauritania e Burkina Faso; partecipa al concorso per il progetto dell’Ambasciata francese in Uganda. Nella scoperta di questa “nuova Africa”, Ravéreau porta con sé l’esperienza appresa nel M’Zab, che trasferisce nei suoi progetti subsahariani, approdando a nuove soluzioni “tropicali” sempre fortemente contestualizzate. , The paper investigates the Sub-Saharan works of architect André Ravéreau (Limoges 1919-Aubenas 2017), as interpretations of the Modern Movement in Africa. A student of Auguste Perret, Ravéreau was strongly influenced by Le Corbusier, so much so that he followed in his footsteps by making a journey to study the Saharan architecture of the M'Zab Valley, made known to the West thanks to Le Corbusier's 1931-33 Carnets de voyge. In the 1960s Ravéreau moved to Algeria, where he worked for about twenty years, holding important positions, from 1965 to 1973 he was Architecte en chef des monuments historiques d'Algérie. From the 1970s onwards, his work took him beyond the Algerian desert, to Sub-Saharan Africa, where he received commissions for school and health buildings in Mali, Mauritania and Burkina Faso; he then took part in the competition for the French Embassy project in Ouganda. In his discovery of this “new Africa”, Ravéreau brings with him the experience learned in the M'Zab, which he transfers into his sub-Saharan projects, arriving at new "tropical" solutions always strongly contextualized.

Britain's military presence in the Middle East underwent a significant transformation by the 1960s, characterized by contractions to establish smaller bases in Aden and the Gulf; however, the British military marked a significant change in contrast to its former stronghold at the Suez base. These bases protected vital oil interests and fulfilled Britain's obligations to local rulers. However, political developments within the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula increasingly challenged Britain's strategic position. These evolving dynamics necessitated a re-evaluation of both diplomatic and military strategies leading to the most far-reaching anti-British revolution, the Dhofar Revolution in Oman.   The scholarly discourses concerning the end of the revolution have highlighted the reintegration of the Dhofar society that was actively engaged in the revolutionary struggles of broader Omni society. Nevertheless, the mechanisms employed for their success/failures have not been covered in the existing literature. Consequently, this paper aims to fill this existing gap in the literature by contextually analysing the present literature and archival documents on the Dhofar war. For this purpose, the authors extensively utilized archival documents available within the Arabian Gulf Digital Archive (AGDA) in Abu Dhabi. Moreover, the Dhofari rebel literature derived from The Gulf Bulletin fervently promoted the communist revolutionary ideology. On the other hand, the Omani government's viewpoint was extensively disseminated through its military propaganda branch, aiming to counter the rebels' influence. This paper posits that, despite the strong support from the Communist bloc, the Dhofari Revolution ultimately failed because the rebels made hastened attempts to replace the region's traditional cultural values and Islamic beliefs with their novel ideological vision. This alienated the Dhofari population, causing the rebels to lose the support of the people they aspired to lead.

Abstract In this photo essay, I use the story of a private manuscript library belonging to the al-Baʿṭūrī family in Jerba, Tunisia to reflect on my foray into the world of social codicology and the historical anthropology of rumour surrounding manuscript collections on the island. In some cases, stories about manuscripts in Jerba often have little to do with manuscripts. Instead, they convey information about the people associated with them. In other cases, rumours and stories about manuscripts contain information that is anachronistic, contradictory, or even blatantly untrue. Drawing inspiration from Luise White’s work on vampire narratives in colonial East Africa, I maintain that the rumors about manuscripts and libraries need not contain information that is true in order to convey important information about people and manuscripts in Jerba.

ملخص: تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى الوقوف على ظاهرة الفعالية التنظيمية في المؤسسات الخيرية والوقفية، حيث طرح الباحث إشكالية عامة وهي متى تأسست مؤسسة الغفران الخيرية؟ وما دوافع ذلك؟، وكيف يتم تجسيد معايير الفعالية التنظيمية في أرض الواقع من وجهة نظر القائمين عليها؟، فقد كانت الدراسة وصفية وفق منهج الدراسة المونوغرافية حيث تناول الباحث مفردة واحدة لسبر أغوارها واستيعاب خصائصها، معتمدا على أداتي الملاحظة بالمشاركة وكذا عقد جلسات مقابلة مع المسؤولين والمتطوعين داخل المؤسسة الخيرية لفترة زمنية ما يقارب 3 أشهر، كما سمحت للباحث الفرصة بالاطلاع على أهم الوثائق التنظيمية والتي ساعدته في فهم روح التنظيم داخل هذه المؤسسة التي بلغت من العمر 31 سنة، فكانت خلاصة الدراسة أنّ للمؤسسة الوقفية دور مهم في المجتمع فهي إحدى أهمّ المؤسسات الاجتماعية التي لها دور فعّال وتأثير مباشر على قناعات الناس وأفكارهم وبخاصة إذا كانت تقدّم خدمات جليلة تتمثّل فيما يـمس الحاجات الأساسية لكل إنسان، مع ضرورة تكثيف البحوث والدراسات الميدانية على هذا النوع من المؤسسات لتحقيق هدفين اثنين، هما اكتشاف تجارب وخبرات لا تقل عن مثيلاتها في المؤسسات الاقتصادية الأخرى، أمّا الأمر الثاني هو تعزيز جهود المتطوّعين والقائمين على مثل هذه المؤسسات وكذا تنبيههم إلى بعض جوانب النقص التي تعتري أي عمل بشري. Abstract This study aims to explore the organizational effectiveness phenomenon within charitable and endowment institutions. The researcher posed a general problematic which was: When was Al-Ghufran Charitable Foundation established, and what were the motivations behind its establishment? The study also aimed to understand how the criteria for organizational effectiveness are manifested in reality from the perspective of those in charge. The study adopted a descriptive approach following a monographic research method, focusing on a single entity to thoroughly examine its characteristics. Data collection methods included participatory observation and conducting interview sessions with officials and volunteers within the charitable institution over a period of approximately three months. Additionally, the study had the opportunity to review key organizational documents, which helped the researcher gain insights into the spirit of organization within this 31-year-old institution. The study's conclusion emphasized the vital role of endowment institutions in society. They are among the most influential social organizations, with a significant impact on people's beliefs and thoughts, particularly when they provide essential services addressing fundamental human needs. The study underscored the importance of intensifying research and field studies on such institutions to achieve two main goals: first, discovering experiences and expertise no less valuable than those in other economic institutions, and second, enhancing the efforts of volunteers and those responsible for such institutions while drawing attention to certain shortcomings that may affect any human endeavor

كتب النوازل الفقهية من أهمّ المصادر في الكتابة التاريخية، لما تختزنه من معلومات عن شرائح المجتمع المختلفة، فهي تحوي معلومات قيّمة عن الفئات المهمّشة كالفقراء؛ واللّصوص؛ والعبيد؛ وغيرها من الفئات التي طالها التّهميش، ولعلّ من أهم كتب النوازل التي ساهمت في إزالة الستار عن بعض هذه الشرائح في المجتمع الإباضي كتاب: "مسائل نفوسة الجبل"، للإمام عبد الوهاب بن عبد الرّحمن بن رستم، وانطلاقا من هذا الطّرح سنحاول في هذه الدّراسة معرفة أهمّ الفئات المُهمّشة التي تعرضت لها مسائل الكتاب والأوضاع التي كانت تعيشها دون تحميل النّص الفقهي ما يخرجه عن نطاق الدّراسة. Jurisprudential novels are among the most important sources of historical writing, as they contain information about different segments of society. They contain valuable information about marginalized groups such as the poor. And thieves; and slaves; And other groups that have been marginalized.Perhaps one of the most important books on disasters that helped to lift the curtain on some of these segments of Ibadi society is the book: "Questions of the Naffousa of the Mountain," by Imam Abd al-. Wahhab bin Abd al-Rahman bin Rustam. On the basis of this proposal, we will try in this study to discover the most important marginalized groups who were exposed to the issues of the book and the conditions in which they lived without weighing down the jurisprudential text. which takes him out of the field of study.

تعالج هذه الورقة البحثية الأوضاع الاجتماعية و الثقافية الإباضية من خلال كتاب" المعلقات في أخبار وروايات أهل الدعوة" لمؤلف مجهول (القرن السادس الهجري /الثاني عشر الميلادي)، بالوقوف على العادات والتقاليد والمنجزات العلمية الإباضية. عبر إشكالية تبحث في مظاهر الحياة الاجتماعية والثقافية ومميزاتها العامة. Abstract: This research paper addresses the Ibadi social and cultural conditions through the book “Al-Mu’allaqat fi Akhbar and Narrations of the People of the Call” by an unknown author (6 AH/12 AD) by identifying customs, traditions, and scientific achievements through a problem that examines the aspects of social and cultural life and its general characteristics

Abstract This paper presents a synchronic analysis of two items – bass and ġayr – in Siwi Berber and Arabic L2 spoken in the Siwa Oasis (Egypt). Despite their different etymologies, both items have followed a similar grammaticalization path, going from focus particles to contrastive conjunctions and, in turn, to discourse markers. These three functions are attested in the synchronic stage of both languages under study as well as in other Berber and Arabic varieties. After a general overview of the distribution and functions of bass and ġayr in Arabic and Berber languages, data on Siwi and Arabic L2 are discussed in a comparative fashion. This study shows that the use of bass and ġayr in the two languages largely overlaps, confirms the layered influence of Arabic on Siwi on a diachronic level, and demonstrates the increasing presence of Egyptian Arabic and its dominance over other Arabic varieties in the present day.

يمثل نظام العزابة في وادي مزاب بنية اجتماعية، تتمتع بالشرعية التاريخية وتحمل صفة الإجماع، وسنحاول في هذه الورقة البحثية الكشف عن البنية الفكرية والاجتماعية لهذا النظام، وكيف تمكن من التحول من حلقة تعليمية تربوية إلى نظام اجتماعي؛ يؤسس لمرجعية دينية ويساهم في إعادة إنتاجها. ابتدأت خطتنا المنهجية بتوضيح مفهوم إعادة الإنتاج في التراث السوسيولوجي، وتعريف مفهوم المرجعية الدينية في اللغة والاصطلاح، ثم تطرقنا إلى تتبع الظروف التأسيسية لحلقة العزابة والملامح السوسيو -فكرية لنظام العزابة؛ من حيث النشأة والتطور وشروط الانخراط والمهام والهيئات المنضوية تحته، ثم تطرقنا إلى المرتكزات الفكرية والاجتماعية لهذا النظام، وكيف ساهمت في إعادة إنتاج المرجعية الدينية في وادي مزاب، وبيان الآليات المساعدة على ذلك، انتهاء بالتحديات الاجتماعية التي تواجه نظام العزابة، من حيث كونها مؤشرات أزمة مرجعية، أم نموذجا اجتماعيا في طور التحول. The Azzaba system in the M’zab Valley represents a social structure that enjoys historical legitimacy and bearing the character of consensus. In this paper we're trying to uncover the intellectual and social structure of this system and how it could be changed from an educational cycle to a social system in order to establish a religious authority that contributes to its reproduction. Our methodological plan began with the clarification of the concept of reproduction in the sociological heritage, and the definition of the concept of religious authority in language and terminology. Then, we dealt with the founding circumstances of the episode of Azzaba and the socio-intellectual features of it, in terms of originality, progress, engagement rules, tasks and organizations that are included under its cover. After that, we talked about the intellectual and social pillars for this system and how it contributed to the reproduction of the religious authority in the Mzab Valley, stating the mechanisms helping to do that. Ending with the social challenges that the Azzaba system faces, in terms of being crisis indicators, or a social model in transition.

Abstract The Berber languages of North Africa comprise a collection of speech varieties where differences can be found as one moves across a Berber-speaking region, or from oasis to oasis. The varieties have a complex history, with multiple layers of contact, both with non-Berber languages and between Berber languages. These two factors make it difficult to categorise the relationships between Berber varieties, or to use the comparative method to provide a neat history of genetic developments. This paper uses lexicostatistical methods on a large dataset to provide a fine-grained picture of the synchronic relationships between Berber varieties, and thus to contribute to a broader understanding of the history and development of Berber.

In 1878, Henry Craven opened the first Protestant mission in the Congo. The Livingstone Inland Mission created multiple stations along the Congo River to reach the interior. It stayed active for six years before transferring its stations to Swedish and American missions. Five years after its closure, a sister mission, the Congo Balolo Mission, resumed efforts to teach the people living in the interior. This thesis explores the evolving reaction of the missionaries to state violence. It argues that these missionaries initially supported imperial violence that enforced laws that aligned with their beliefs, such as removing the slave trade. Once that violence extended to profits alone and increased in violence, the missionaries joined the movement to improve conditions in the Congo.