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Vernet, T. (2002). Les cités-États swahili et la puissance omanaise (1650-1720). Journal des africanistes, 7(2), 89–110. Fonds Martin Custers.

Based mainly on documentation from Lisbon archival centres. Abstract: between 1650 and 1698, some Swahili cities or factions saw the emerging Omani power as an ally to back their struggle against Portuguese imperialism; Oman was a trading partner in full expansion and, at the time, a source of political support. However, after 1698, when the Swahili Coast had come under Omani control, a strong resentment spread against the new occupying force which was accused, as were the Portuguese, of threatening the political and economic independence of the Swahili city-states.

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Le Cour Grandmaison, C. (1991). Parenté, migrations, alliances: les réseaux omani en Afrique orientale et centrale. In F. Le Guennec-Coppens & P. Caplan (Eds.), Les swahili entre Afrique et Arabie (pp. 163–177). Karthala. Fonds Martin Custers.

Departing from precise historical and geographical examples, the author tries to explain the simultaneous or successive articulations between the relationship networks, the alliances and the commercial networks of the sections of the Omani al-Ḥārithī tribe in East and Central Africa. The al-Ḥarithī tribe has some 10.000 members and is composed of 31 sections among which five beduin sections (a list on p. 177). The tribe is characterized by an extreme mobility in space and in time, but despite massive emigration at certain times the tribal structures, apparently, have remained stable.

Wilkinson, J. C. (1988). The Omani and Ibāḍī background to the Kilwah Sīrah; the demise of Oman as a political and religious force in the Indian Ocean in the 6th/12th century. In A. K. Irvine, R. B. Serjeant, & G. R. Smith (Eds.), A Miscellany of Middle Eastern articles: in memoriam Thomas Muir Johnstone 1924-1983 (pp. 131–148). Longman. Fonds Martin Custers.

Pp. 131-132: in the MNHC there is an undated MS entitled al-Sīra al-Kilwiyya. This is a composite work made up of the following items: (i) what may be called the Kilwa Sīra proper, that is a piece of rhymed prose called al-Maqāma al-Kilwiyya by Muḥ. b. Saʿīd al-Qalhātī with a commentary by Rāshid b. ʿUmar ... b. al-Naẓar; (ii) Sīra by Abū ‘l-Mundhir Salma b. Muslim al-ʿAwtabī to ʿAlī b. ʿAlī al-Kilwī and his brother al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-Kilwī; (iii) a chapter entitled Bāb fī ‘l-Tawḥīd wa-Tafsīrihi ʿalà Madhhab al-Muslimīn (from a book modelled on K. al-Firdaws) by ʿAbd al-Salām ... Saʿīd b. Aḥm. b. Muḥ. b. Ṣāliḥ; (iv) al-Qaṣīda al-Ḥimyariyya, by Nashwān b. Saʿīd al-Ḥimyarī (d. 573/1178) (see GAL I, 300 (364, ed. 1943) and S I, 527-8). In this article the first two works only will be examined. Discussion will concentrate on the Omani background of these documents, since this contribution is aimed at complementing a study that has been published in the International Journal of African Historical Studies which discusses the implications of these documents for East-African history (Wilkinson 1981).

Qāsim, J. Z. (Ed.). (2000). Dawlat al-Bū Saʿīd fī ʿUmān wa-Sharq Ifrīqiyā mundhu Ta’sīsihā wa-hattà Nihāyat Hukmihā fī Zinjibār wa-Bidāyat ʿAhdihā al-Jadīd fī ʿUmān (1741-1970). Zayed Centre for heritage and History. Fonds Martin Custers.

Qāsim, J. Z. (Ed.). (1968). Dawlat Bū Saʿīd fī ʿUmān wa-Sharq Ifrīqiyā, 1741-1861. Makt. al-Qāhira al-Hadītha. Fonds Martin Custers.

Qarqash, M. (1995). al-Madkhal ilà ‘l-Islām fī Ifrīqiya, maʿa Dirāsa li’l-Dawr al-ʿUmānī. Maṭb. Basma. Fonds Martin Custers.

Maʿmarī, H. bint A. al-. (2014). al-ʿUmāniyyūn wa-Dawruhum al-Thaqāfī fī Sharq Ifrīqiyā. In al-Mu’tamar al-Duwalī : al-Dawr al-ʿUmānī fī ‘l-Sharq al-Ifrīqī, 11-13 Dec. 2012. Buḥūth al-Mu’tamar (Vol. 2, pp. 83–109). Sultan Qaboos University. Fonds Martin Custers.

Horton, M. (2017). East Africa and Oman, c. 600-1856 CE. In A. al-Salimi & E. Staples (Eds.), The ports of Oman (pp. 255–279). Georg Olms Verlag. Fonds Martin Custers.

Kirkman, J. S. (1983). The early history of Oman in East Africa. Journal of Oman Studies, 6(1), 41–58. Fonds Martin Custers.

Miège, J.-L. (1982). L’Oman et l’Afrique Orientale au XIXe siècle. In O. Carré, P. Bonnenfant, & A. Aubry (Eds.), La Péninsule arabique d’aujourd’hui (Vol. 2, pp. 293–314). Centre national de la recherche scientifique. Fonds Martin Custers.

Allen, Jr, C. H. (1982). The State of Masqat in the Gulf and East Africa, 1785-1829. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 14(2), 117–127. Fonds Martin Custers. http://www.jstor.org/stable/163199

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Wilkinson, J. C. (1981). Oman and East Africa: New Light on Early Kilwan History from the Omani Sources. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 14(2), 272–301. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.2307/218046

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Żbik, S. (2020). Wpływ geograficznego, społecznego i ekonomicznego środowiska Afryki Wschodniej na omański model osadnictwa w latach 1806–1856. Studia Geohistorica, (7), 108. https://doi.org/10.12775/SG.2019.06

The present article analyses the impact of different East African geographical, social and economic conditions on the settlement model of the Omani in this area in 1806–1856. The article indicates that the Oman settlement model has undergone significant changes, including the appearance of new forms of settlement, a change in building material, and the adoption of solutions practiced by African cultures. On the other hand, however, many important elements, such as the architecture and tribal settlement structure, were transferred to East Africa.

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