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This book provides an up-to-date account of the archaeology, history, economy, urbanism, art, and architecture of the North African region of Tripolitania during antiquity. The essays by international scholars outline current research and the most recent developments in the archaeology of this territory. The strong interdisciplinary character of the texts reflects the expertise of the different authors – from studies of the landscape and urban development, to funerary practices, architecture, military operations and food supply. This timely publication provides a much-needed new assessment of the evolution of this region throughout the Roman and Late Antique period.

A summary of archaeological teamwork along the Dhofar plateau and its backslope into the Nejd of Southern Oman, this book documents survey and excavation of small-scale stone monuments and pastoral settlements. Whether used as burial places, as landmarks, as mnemonic devices, or for other purposes, monuments are the enduring and prominent traces of desert pastoralists. In Dhofar, pastoralists constructed monuments in discrete pulses over 7500 years. Recognizing the dynamic ecosystems and climate regimes of Arabian prehistory, the author suggests that mobile pastoralists used monuments to link dispersed households into broader social communities. Furthermore, the range of practical adjustments to monuments as a consistent means of messaging among mobile people showcases the adaptive strength of Dhofar?s prehistoric inhabitants over time. A singular episode of settlement during a particularly arid period highlights the longer tradition of pastoral people on the move. With fictional vignettes to imagine the people who used these monuments, the chapters introduce archaeological analysis of the social identities, patterns of resource access, contacts, aversions, and exchanges with neighboring groups. Finally, the book underscores the rich heritage of persistent pastoralism within contemporary Oman

This article explores intercommunity relations in the M'Zab region of southern Algeria during the pre-colonial period. Known as a refuge for the Mozabites, Berber ibadites, the region boasted a unique identity with its own institutions and a history of autonomy. The Mozabites coexisted with Jews, ḥamriyas, and various nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes, who were mainly Malikite and Arabic-speaking. Their interactions ranged from economic cooperation to conflict, influenced by circumstances and alliances. The study aims to clarify how the Mozabites engaged with foreigners and lived alongside them before French colonization in 1882. Relying on documentary research into demographic composition, historical roles of different groups, and existing power dynamics, along with local interviews, the paper sheds light on these complex relationships. Understanding these historical interactions is crucial for grasping the current ethnic and doctrinal conflicts in the region, including those in 2015, and highlights the im-portance of historical context in contemporary community relations.

This study investigates the role of solar orientation in creating sustainable urban land systems in desert regions, using the Ksour of M'Zab in Algeria as a case study. The Ksour are vernacular Islamic and millenarian cities inhabited for centuries, and their urban design has evolved to respond to extreme climatic conditions, particularly insolation. Through a geometric analysis of the road system, this study demonstrates how the optimal orientation of urban lanes ensures the integration of extreme climatic conditions and creates comfortable streets for pedestrians. The study compares two old Ksour (El Atheuf and Beni Yezguen) with a new Ksar (Tafilalet) and statistically evaluates their solar orientation. The results show that solar orientation is a crucial tool for understanding the sustainability of desert cities. Thus, traditional knowledge and contemporary design practices can be integrated to create sustainable urbanism in arid environments. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable architecture by providing insights into how traditional knowledge can create resilient cities in challenging environments and promote sustainable development.

The authors designed and developed this field guidebook and associated posters for field seminars they organised and led in Jabal Nafusa from 2005 to 2009. The aim was to introduce geoscientists working for the petroleum industry to the Mesozoic geology of Jabal Nafusa, of the Jifarah arch, NW Libya.

Prince Khalid bin Barghash Al BuSa'idi was an Arabian prince and an offspring of Al-BuSa'idi family who ruled Muscat and Zanzibar. His father, second ruler of Zanzibar, exerted great effort with the British in order to crown his son as his hire, but his effort met with failure. In 1890 Zanzibar was declared a protectorate and the British influence became more dominating in interfering in the internal affairs, as well as in the throne inheritance issue. Supported by Zanzibar people and coastal inhabitants, Prince Khalid led two attempts to seize the throne, the first of which was in 1893, but the British believed that the coronation should serve the higher British interests, and that the inheritance of the throne would be purely a British matter. At the turn of the twentieth century, he defied the might of imperial Britain at the height of its power and succeeded in the second attempt in 1896 in capturing the ruling castle and declared himself as the Sultan of Zanzibar. The British asked him to abdicate, but he refused. Their sword, therefore, took control and finally settled the questions of internal affairs and the throne inheritance. The Anglo-Zanzibar war, and the bombardment of the ruling castle forced the British deposed Sultan to take shelter in the German Consulate. A British candidate was placed on the throne. Sayyid Khalid was transferred to German East Africa and was not allowed with his family members to come back to Zanzibar. He lived a homeless and a miserable life until he gave up his claims. He was, therefore , allowed to live in Mombasa until his death in 1927.

My contribution starts from a question: Why study Islam from the edge? I think that reading Islam from the edge provides with a unique opportunity to chart alternatives to the dominant and Sunnī-centric narratives on Islam. The Sunnī/“orthodox” mainstream and the sectarian/“heterodox” Islam concurred in elaborating historical readings, which are conflicting but, at same time, simultaneous and interdependent. Ibadism is a fundamental (but often forgotten) religious and legal school of Islam which represents nowadays a minority scattered between Oman and North Africa. Having formulated their views early and moved into relative isolation soon thereafter, the Ibāḍīs preserved old doctrines that are no longer extant in the mainstream tradition. Thus, their heritage has a great potential for the reconstruction of Muslim thought in the pre-modern era and for shedding new light on culture and intellectual activity in the Islamic world.

أنّ الصحافة الجزائرية (الأهالية) في الجنوب كان لها دور ريادي في الحركة الوطنية (1926 -1938) إذ تعدّ أحد السبل التعبير عن معالم الأمة ؛ التي تعرضت إلى الطمس والمسخ في فترة الاحتلال؛ ولعل من بين هذه الشخصيات نذكر الشيخ العلامة إبراهيم أبي اليقظان، إذ يعد هذا الأخير من بين أهم الأعلام البارزة في تاريخ الجزائر المعاصر . وشخصيتهِ الإصلاحية لعبت دورا بارزا في سبيل نصرة القضية الوطنية، و يُعدّ من أبرز ممن واجهوا السياسة الفرنسية،حيث عمد على ترسيخ الإصلاح في العمل الصحفي بالتعبير عن هموم الأمة الجزائرية والإفصاح عن اهتمـــــــــاماتها. ونشـــــــــــر الشيخ أبو اليقظان مقالات وبحوث في جرائد ومجلات عــربية سواء في الجزائر أو تونس؛ نذكر على سبيل المثال: الفاروق، الإقدام، الشهاب،الزهراء ، النديم . وحاول من خلالها نشر الوعي بين سكان الجزائر عموما ووادي مزاب على وجه الخصوص .والغرض من هذه الدراسة هو الوقوف على مآثر الشخصيات التي أسهمت في المجال الصحـفي في الفترة المهمة من تاريخ الحركة الوطنية (1926 -1938) والتي كانت أحد السبل لإعادة الأمل في نفوس، فكانت صحف الشيخ أبي اليقظان مجالا مفتوحا أمام نشاط مجموعة المثقفين الجزائريين الذين كان يُرتقب من خلال إسهاماتهم في الرفع من إدراك والإمساك بزمام القضية الوطنية. The Algerian press (Al-Ahali) in the south had a leading role in the national movement (1926-1938), as it is one of the ways to express the features of the nation, which was obliterated and deformed during the period of occupation, and perhaps among these personalities we mention Sheikh Ibrahim Abi Al-Yakdhan, as the latter is among the most important prominent figures in the history of contemporary Algeria. His reformist personality played a prominent role in supporting the national cause, and he is considered one of the most prominent of those who faced French politics, as he consolidated reform in journalistic work by expressing the concerns of the Algerian nation and disclosing its interests. Sheikh Abu al-Yaqkdhan published articles and research papers in Arab newspapers and m l-Iqddam, Al-Shihab, Al-Zahra Al-Farouk, A and Al-Nadim. Through it, he tried to spread awareness among the inhabitants of Algeria in general and the M'zab Valley in particular. The purpose of this study is to stand on the exploits of personalities who contributed to the field of journalism in the important period of the history of the national movement (1926-1938), which was one of the ways to restore hope in the souls, the newspapers of Sheikh Abi Al-Yakdhan agazine