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Résumés

Allmeling, Anne

Oman : la révolte dynastique
Loumou, Angeliki ; Giourga, Christina

Olive groves: "The life and identity of the Mediterranean''

Olive tree cultivation in theMediterranean goes back to ancient times. Evensince the Roman Age, olive cultivation spreadto the entire Mediterranean basin. Thislongevous tree integrates and identifieseconomically, socially, and culturally theinhabitants of this basin and determines itsrural landscape. For the residents of theMediterranean, olive oil constituted the mainsource of nutritional fats, their most valuableexport product, and was identified with theirculture. Even now, olive cultivation has amultiple importance for the Mediterranean. Theolive groves, which grow mostly on inclined,shallow, and low fertility soils, and onhand-made stone terraces, have limited wateringrequirements and sustain the fragile naturalresources of the Mediterranean. Today,olive cultivation in the Mediterranean is anadditional income source and supports thepopulation in rural areas during the winterperiod, which profit from summer and seatourism activity. Although anagro-ecosystem, the olive grove resembles thenatural Mediterranean ecosystem and abandonmenttransforms them into natural Mediterranean typeforests. Their change of use from olivecultivation to pasture degrades the ecosystemand decreases the natural resources, because ofover-grazing. At this time, two major factorsthreaten the traditional olive cultivation (i)the competition of the intensive olive grovesin plain and irrigated areas and (ii) thecheaper seed-oils, which intensify theabandonment of traditional olive groves andchange them into pasture, resulting in thedeterioration of the ecosystem. Olivecultivation has left its mark on life in theMediterranean and has contributed to thesustainability of natural resources.Nevertheless, it succumbs under the pressure ofcurrent socioeconomic situations. Today, theconservation of olives in productionconstitutes a necessity for the fragileMediterranean ecosystems and a challenge foreverybody involved.
Koller, Ange

La Jemâ berbère

Consulter sur www.jstor.org
Brown, Andrea

Political Tensions in Zanzibar: Echoes from the Revolution?

The current period of turmoil (nationalist and ethno-racial tensions and violence) in Zanzibar is similar in many ways to the tumultuous period leading up to the 1964 revolution;however,there are important differences. Ihis paper explores the roots and dynamics of Zanzibari nationalism, ethno-racial identities, and political conflict, examining how ethnicity,class, and regional identities altered during the thirty-yearperiod between political openings-with relations with mainland Tanzania a key factor. Two constants are a regionalized division of interests between the islands of Pemba and Unguja and elite-dominated politics characterized by resistance to open political competitionand democraticgovernance.
Chouraqui, André

La condition des Juifs du M'Zab
Anane, Makram ; Kallali, Hamadi ; Jellali, Salah ; Ouessar, Mohamed

Ranking suitable sites for Soil Aquifer Treatment in Jerba Island (Tunisia) using remote sensing, GIS and AHP-multicriteria decision analysis

The present study aims to locate and rank suitable sites for Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) in Jerba Island (South Tunisia) by integrating a single-objective AHP method into a GIS model. The methodology represents a first step in SAT basin construction projects before field investigations. It considers several criteria related to technical, environmental and cost aspects. The result showed that a large area, covering 1489 ha, is suitable for SAT, which exceeds the required area to infiltrate the total treated wastewater produced by all the island wastewater plants. Being situated inside agricultural areas and near coastlines, potential sites for SAT could increase groundwater availability for irrigation and also mitigate existing marine intrusion problem facing Jerba aquifer. The best sites are found closer to Aghir plant than the rest of island WWTPs.
Maslah, Amina

Insularité et pudeur en Méditerranée médiane au XIXe siècle

Consulter sur www.cairn.info
Issa, Amina A.

Wedding ceremonies and cultural exchange in an Indian Ocean port city: the case of Zanzibar Town
Elmahi, Ali Tigani ; Ibrahim, Moawiyah

Two seasons of investigations at Manāl site in the Wādī Samāyil area, Sultanate of Oman

Consulter sur www.jstor.org
ElMahi, Ali Tigani

The traditional pastoral groups of Dhofar, Oman: a parallel for ancient cultural ecology
Djerbi, Ali ; Safi, Abdelwahab

Teaching the History of Architecture in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco: Colonialism, Independence, and Globalization
Baali, Aissa

Bibliographie ibadhite
Aucapitaine, Henri

Les Beni-Mezab (Sahara Algérien)
Wilson, Andrew

Saharan trade in the Roman period: short-, medium- and long-distance trade networks
Tonda, Ángeles Llorca

Images de la femme maghrébine: analyse comparative de Je dois tout à ton oubli et La saison des hommes

In the artistic productions object of my study, Malika Mokeddem novel, Je dois tout à ton oubli (2008) and the Tunisian film director Rachida Tlatli, La saison des hommes (2000), evokes the theme of resignation and submission of women to the power of men in the North African context. The parallel analysis of the novel and film will allow me to highlight the convergent narrative structures used in both works to denounce women’s alienation and despair that some of them manifest. Similarly enunciate what are the loopholes that both the novelist and the director proposed to the heroines of their stories.
Jafarnia, Fatemeh

The Comparison of Factors Affecting on the Process of Life of Azāriqa and Ibāḍiyya Sects

Khawarij was formed during the war of Siffin and following the advent of arbitration. In spite of Ali (AS)'s war with them and the massacre of them, their opinions remained intact. Because of differentiation in the Khawarij, several sects came out of which two sects of Azāriqa and Ibāḍiyya are among them. As the most extreme sect, Azāriqa disappeared after a while, but Ibāḍiyya continued to live with the modest way. According to author, ideas, the areas of influence and the way of entering these areas influenced the life of these two sects. The result shows that the extreme performance of Azāriqa compared to the planned actions by Ibāḍiyya has been effective to promote ideas and differences in the selection of areas for activity.
Hagemann, Hannah-Lena

Challenging Authority: Al-Balādhurī and al-Ṭabarī on Khārijism during the Reign of Muʿāwiya b. Abī Sufyān

Khārijite resistance to Umayyad authority during the caliphate of Muʿāwiya b. Abī Sufyān (r. 661–680) is represented in detail in the works of the early Muslim scholars Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-Balādhurī (d. c. 892) and Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-Ṭabarī (d. 923). While the Khārijites are overwhelmingly depicted by both authors as religious fanatics whose excessive piety caused widespread bloodshed and who thus should be condemned, a closer look reveals that Khārijites serve specific and distinct narrative purposes: al-Balādhurī uses them mainly to illustrate Umayyad tyranny, while al-Ṭabarī addresses the consequences of Khārijite revolts for communal and imperial stability. The latter's work is also marked by a dichotomy between activist and quietist Khārijism, implying that al-Ṭabarī is not so much opposed to Khārijism as a set of “heretic” religious ideas, but rather to its violent expression of politico-religious opposition.
Fromson, James ; Simon, Steven

Visions of Omani Reform

Oman’s need to reduce its oil dependence illuminates the difficulty of reforming Gulf rentier states writ large.
Sachedina, Amal

The politics of the coffee pot: Its changing role in history-making and the place of religion in the Sultanate of Oman

Centered on the dalla, the Omani coffee pot, this paper considers how the social practices and knowledges induced by its material form and function organize different forms of perceptual skills. These skills habituate ways of seeing that become a means towards examining the shift from the religio–ethical relationships that defined the shari'a society of the last Ibadi Islamic Imamate that ruled the interior of the region (1913–1955) to those that define ‘heritage’ as part of Omani modern nation state building today. As a coffee server in the Imamate era, the dalla facilitated a history that was primarily moral in nature, oriented towards God and divine salvation. From 1970 onwards, as a visual symbol, it became an integral part of a national linear chronicle of progressive historicity. Through a shift in authoritative time, rationales of temporality, ethics and history were reconfigured, displacing an Imamate while establishing a modern-day Sultanate in its place.
Rezaei, Naimeh

Lessons from Tradition in the Building of Contemporary Settlements: The Case of Tafilalt in the M'zab Valley, Algeria

Since Algeria’s independence from France in 1962, the M’zab Valley in the northern Sahara has witnessed a rapid growth in population. Both legal and illegal housing has been built outside the walls of the M’zab’s ancient towns, damaging the environmental and cultural heritage of the area. In response, its long-standing residents have identified protocols for building a number of carefully planned settlements inspired by the original towns. One of these new settlements is Tafilalt, begun in 1997. Based in part on in-depth interviews with residents and the developers of the project, this article studies the construction of Tafilalt by its occupants and their perceptions of their new home. It asks how the M’zab’s traditional methods of planning, building and managing settlements have been adapted to the community’s current needs, who makes up the community, and to what extent Tafilalt might be seen as a model to be used elsewhere.

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