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Situazione nel Gebel e nella Ghibla (marzo-aprile 1915) (Fasc. 39; Tripolitania - Situazione politica e militare). (1915). Ministero degli Affari Esteri - UAP DSD - Archivio Storico Diplomatico. Archivio Storico Diplomatico (Posizione 122/5).
Situazione nel Gebel (gennaio 1915) (Fasc. 30; Tripolitania - Situazione politica e militare). (1915). Ministero degli Affari Esteri - UAP DSD - Archivio Storico Diplomatico. (Posizione 122/4).
Corrispondenza del Jefren del Maggiore Pantano (1914) (Fasc. 20; Tripolitania - Situazione politica e militare). (1914). Ministero degli Affari Esteri - UAP DSD - Archivio Storico Diplomatico. (Posizione 122/3).
Situazione politico-militare: Gebel (dicembre 1914) (Fasc. 19; Tripolitania - Situazione politica e militare). (1914). Ministero degli Affari Esteri - UAP DSD - Archivio Storico Diplomatico. (Posizione 122/3).
Situazione politico-militare: Gebel (novembre 1914) (Fasc. 18; Tripolitania - Situazione politica e militare). (1914). Ministero degli Affari Esteri - UAP DSD - Archivio Storico Diplomatico. (Posizione 122/2).
Operationi militari Garian-Gebel Nefusa (1914) (Fasc. 16; Tripolitania - Situazione politica e militare). (1914). Ministero degli Affari Esteri - UAP DSD - Archivio Storico Diplomatico. (Posizione 122/2).
Ibaditi in Tripolitania (1911 - 1913) (Fasc. 1; Questioni Religiose). (1913). Ministero degli Affari Esteri - UAP DSD - Archivio Storico Diplomatico. (Posizione 109/1). https://www.esteri.it/mae/servizi/archiviostorico/2013/1asmai_vol.ii_libia_ministero.pdf

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Allen, Jr, C. H. (1987). Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate (1st ed.). Westview Press. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315645315
Varsy, J.-G. (1800). Kitāb fī iʻtiqād al-Khawārij / Yūḥannā ibn Yūsuf Wārsī al-Faransīsī [Fols. 80; 19.5 x 12 cm.; written surface 14.5 x 7 cm.; 13 lines to page; on European paper; in naskhi; with catchwords.]. (Robert Garrett). https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/6358029#view":["Digital content"],"iiif_manifest_paths":{"http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/tm70mx801":"https://figgy.princeton.edu/concern/scanned_resources/6f895841-afa4-40d5-a88b-4fecb93a9790/manifest"}}

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Baugh, C. (2017). Revolting Women? Early Kharijite Women in Islamic Sources. Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies, 2(1), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.2979/jims.2.1.03

The Kharijites were an early movement of anti-government activists, self-proclaimed pious rebels who began their protests in the seventh century of the common era. Their initial complaint was against ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān (d. 656 CE), the third Caliph, for what they perceived as abuses of power and improper execution of Divine Law. Throughout Islamic history, many groups have appeared to protest deeply corrupt systems and injustices. Many women participated vigorously in anti-government protests, many going so far as to take up arms. Even today, any group engaged in governmental protest or anti-government activities might easily be dubbed Kharijites and thus dismissed as “extremist.” This paper focuses on women in Kharijite movements of late antiquity. The sources for this inquiry are early writers including Jāḥiẓ (d. 869 CE), Mubarrad (d. 900 CE), and Ṭabarī (d. 923 CE), with reference to the modern-era biographical compendium of ʿUmar Riḍā al-Kaḥḥāla. The three women discussed span three generations of Kharijite activity. Each of the three has a story with the ruler of the time. For Qaṭām, it is a story of revenge against the Caliph ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (d. 660 CE). For Baljāʾ, it is one of political protest against the Caliph Muʿāwiya (d. 680 CE), directed against his governors Ziyād ibn Abīhi (d. 673 CE) and his son ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ziyād (d. 686 CE). And for Ghazāla, it is a story of a year of battle and bloodshed during the rule of the Umayyad Caliph ʿAbd al-Mālik ibn Marwān's (d. 705 CE) tyrannical governor, al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf (d. 714 CE). The ways these deeply opinionated and activist women are depicted provide telling insight into how Muslim historiography has grappled with women revolutionaries.

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Mimita, M. A. (1987). Pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine et de l’environnement d’une île méditerranéenne: L’Ile de Djerba, Tunisie. In Old cultures in new worlds. 8th ICOMOS General Assembly and International Symposium. Programme report - Compte rendu (pp. 111–118). Icomos. http://international.icomos.org/publications/wash16.pdf

Djerba has some lI1onuments with a modest size but very a rich architecture: mosques, houses or Menzels, fondouks, pottery and weaving workshops souks that constitute the strong and sublime expression of an art of a popular tradition and they retrace the main lines of the history of the island frOM the oldest ages till nowadays. It is to be regretted that for modernisM sake all these monuments are disappearing or they are damaged in a vertiginous way by nature and mainly by man.

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Harthy, M. H. al-. (2012). African Identities, Afro-Omani Music, and the Official Constructions of a Musical Past. The World of Music, 1(2), 97–129. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24318122

Based on dissertation research in the port city of Sur, historically significant both for trans-oceanic seafaring and trade, and more specifically for its connection to the east coast of Africa, this article analyzes the African-derived performance genres that dominate Sur's music scene within an ever-elusive concept of Africa. The sacred healing rituals zār, mikwarā, and ṭambūra; and the secular genres, mdema, and fann is-ṣawt have been renamed funūn taqlīdīya or traditional arts, national nomenclature that collects the myriad traditions of the country while marginalizing differential identities. Rhetorically, Suri musicians not only adopt, they also emphasize their national Omani identity, while expressing their African identity as of the "other." Musically, however, their approach to performance, including the use of Swahili texts, the predominance of body movement, and multi-layered musical textures produced by a variety of instruments from East Africa, reveals, I argue, the musicians' African identity as a "self." The seemingly binary "self" identities articulated by Suri musicians through two differing modes of expression (rhetoric and performance) illustrate not only the problematic nature of the concept of Africa in Oman, but also highlights how simplistically the African presence in Oman has been treated in the music scholarship of this country.

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Rasmussen, A. K. (2012). The Musical Design of National Space and Time in Oman. The World of Music, 1(2), 63–96. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24318120

This article unpacks ethnographic research conducted in 2010–2011 and in 2012 among cultural activists and reformers who are using music as a generative force toward the development of collective identities in a geopolitical space. I analyze three domains of cultural production and consider how the Sultan's initiatives have resulted in the embodiment of artistic consumption and connoisseurship that are required for musical life in the public sphere: first are the Sultan's privately controlled military bands, Arab music ensembles, and symphony orchestra; second are public arts festivals that nurture and celebrate traditional music and dance; third is the domain of Omani popular music facilitated by Arab regional interculturalism and media flows that depend significantly on practitioners from Egypt, Iraq, and other Gulf states. I show how these domains of music and dance work to enable the imagination of a cultural space and time for Oman and its historical and contemporary relationships with the Arab world, Africa, Asia, and "the West." The ethnographic focus on the Salalah Festival in the Dhofar province, provides a close-up shot of the workings of the state at the local level in a context that is both far from the control of the capitol city, Muscat, but that also reproduces many of the relations of dominance and resistance that is an inevitable artifact of political power and cultural policy.

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Ulaby, L. (2012). On the Decks of Dhows: Musical Traditions of Oman and the Indian Ocean World. The World of Music, 1(2), 43–62. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24318118

This article situates the musical traditions of Oman in the broader context of the Arabian Peninsula and Indian Ocean. Trade, slavery, and pilgrimage prompted the creation of networks that extended across the Indian Ocean for hundreds of years and facilitated deep and lasting cultural exchanges. Oman has played an important role in these networks and this is deeply reflected in many of the local musical traditions. Since about the middle of the 20th century, countries in the Arabian Gulf (sometimes referred to as the GCC, Gulf Cooperation Council, plus Yemen) have made strides toward establishing independent nationalism in the contemporary race for unique identities; however, their histories, peoples, and musical traditions, particularly those of nomadic Bedouins and coastal seafaring populations, have overlapped for many centuries. I attempt to sketch out some comparisons, particularly in terms of performance practice, between Oman and the rest of the Gulf States with a focus on maritime music, the music that occurred "on the decks of dhows," the traditional sailing vessel of the Arabian Gulf. My theoretical grounding for this article engages with frameworks for cultural transmission and explores their relevance to the Gulf. By looking at historical accounts and previous scholarship, alongside ethnographic research, I describe some of the conduits for sharing musical influence with the broader Indian Ocean cultural space. Lastly, I critically examine some of the historiographies that have been created around these exchanges and their valence to the political economy of cultural heritage in the region.

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Harthy, M. H. al-, & Rasmussen, A. K. (2012). Music in Oman: an Overture. The World of Music, 1(2), 9–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24318116

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Leschi, L. (n.d.). Chronique: l’architecture algérienne en 1945. Revue Algérienne, 90(1946), 228–232.
Bousquet, C. (1986). L’habitat mozabite au M’zab. Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord, 25, 257–269.

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Lewicki, T. (1962). L’État nord-africain de Tāhert et ses relations avec le Soudan occidental à la fin du VIIIe et au IXe siècle. Cahiers d’études africaines, 2(8), 513–535. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.3406/cea.1962.3255

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Marmier, F., & Trécolle, G. (1966). Découverte d’un dépôt de onze “bouteilles” en œufs d’autruche à Hassi-Mouillah. Région de Ouargla (Algérie). Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. Comptes rendus des séances mensuelles, 63(9), 313–316. https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1966.8934

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Despois, J. (1962). L’évolution d’une tribu dans le Sahara moderne. Annales de géographie, 71(384), 219–219. https://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1962_num_71_384_16191

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