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Comprehending the physicochemical properties of water is vital for efficient groundwater management in the research area. Groundwater often sees an increase in chemical element concentrations as it moves underground due to water-rock interaction. Water quality is assessed by comparing various parameter levels with drinking water standards. The primary goal of this study is to assess the groundwater quality from Al Dhahirah Governorate by analysing the physicochemical characteristics (pH, EC, TDS, TH, and T) and evaluating the concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth metals. It involved collecting groundwater samples from 11 different sites in the area and using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to analyse various elements, such as Ca, Na, Mg, and Sr. The study’s results reveal that the quality parameters of drinking water sources are within the Omani and World Health Organization (WHO) standards, except for Na, Mg, Sr, and TH level. The average concentrations of Na and Mg were 527.64 and 87.93 mg/L, respectively, while the average TH measured 658.86 mg/L, which is classified as very hard. The analysis of correlations among groundwater quality parameters indicates that physicochemical parameters influence the chemical properties of groundwater. To ensure safe drinking water, it is advisable to treat contaminated water before use and regularly monitor its quality. The findings contribute to the understanding of water quality in this region, providing valuable insights for environmental and public health considerations.

Emna, la quarantaine, avocate tunisienne, mariée, est chargée d'une mission visant à évaluer le degré de civisme et d'autonomie des femmes rurales dans un village conservateur de l'île de Djerba. Emna découvre des femmes menant une vie de peu, obéissant à des hommes dont la violence n'est pas remise en cause. Elle va surtout découvrir

تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة الحالية في التساؤل التالي : ما الآثار الاجتماعية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ؟ وسعت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الآثار الاجتماعية للمشروعات الاقتصادية الكبرى على الأسر العمانية في ولاية صحار وتشمل التأثيرات الاجتماعية للمشروعات التنموية بالمجتمع المحلي ، والخروج بتصور ملائم لتعظيم تلك الآثار الإيجابية، وتقليل الآثار السلبية للمشروعات الكبرى بولاية صحار. وتنتمي الدراسة إلى نمط الدراسات الوصفية التحليلية. تم الاعتماد على منهج المسح الاجتماعي للتعرف علي الآثار الاجتماعية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ، ومدى إسهام المشروعات الاقتصاديةُ المتنامية في مدينة صحار على الأسر العمانية، ومدى قدرتها على تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. ولقد تم أخذ عينة عمدية من الأسر العمانية فقط القاطنة في زمام ولاية صحار ، حجمها 300 أسرة. ومن أهم نتائج الدراسة أن هناك آثار اجتماعية إيجابية كثيرة لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار ، إلا أنه أيضا هناك بعض الآثار الاجتماعية السلبية قد ترتبت علي وجود هذه المشروعات. وفي نهاية الدراسة تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات التي يمكن الاستفادة منها في تعزيز وزيادة الآثار الاجتماعية الإيجابية ، وتقليل الآثار الاجتماعية السلبية لمشروعات التنمية الكبرى في ولاية صحار.

Mohamed Amer examines the tangible and intangible heritage characteristics of the traditional market of Mutrah in Oman’s capital city of Muscat. He assesses its interactive historic, architectural, urban, social, economic and cultural values alongside their managerial features, in order to identify practical measures for the enhancement of this living cultural heritage, the effective preservation of Omani cultural identity, avenues for local socio-economic empowerment and sustainable cultural tourism. Here, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analyses brought to light the internal and external factors that are favourable to achieving these objectives.

L’islam sunnite domine le Maghreb depuis des siècles. Le fait est connu. Ce que l’on sait peut-être moins c’est que, au cours de la tumultueuse histoire de

The traditional architecture in the M'zab Valley was a real response to the needs of the natural community and a direct reflection of its lifestyle, nature of activities, environmental requirements, individual and collective life practices within the intellectual system and its natural framework. Therefore, we do not find any part in this architecture that does not serve a specific function or symbolize a certain goal, considering that all material production in this society is a homogeneous and harmonious expression between needs, aspirations, goals, religious values, organizations and interactive social relationships with nature and climatic factors. Thus, architectural production in general and traditional housing in M'zab specifically testify to all these values and ideas manifested in their patterns, plans, units and architectural elements, It was necessary to study the impact of these social organizations and practices on the traditional dwelling in M'zab, considering it as a fundamental urban unit in shaping its palaces and a real product that reflects the values and ideas of this society. And since the dwelling is part of this human production, its relationship with social practice is a strong and organic relationship.

Littoralization and coastal dynamics in fragile island environments: the case of the island of Jerba (South-East Tunisia). Known for the wealth of its resources, the island of Jerba has always attracted the society of the past to settle there. Convinced by the fragility of the island environment, the Jerbian has developed a suitable way of occupying the space and appropriate know-how. The interior of agricultural land has always been favored at the expense of the infertile coastline and open to foreign invasions. Recently, the phenomenon of touristification of the east and northeast coast of the island has been established. At the same time, the coastline is increasingly occupied and a change in the mode of land occupation has occurred. The coastal area, formerly deserted, is increasingly in demand, which has upset the island environment. The rapid urbanization of beaches has reached a worrying stage. The low coasts of the island continue to lose their sandy beaches in a situation marked by the rise in sea level in relation to global warming. Obviously, a line mobility of the island's shoreline is established and evolving with accelerated speed, which has led to the continuous disconfiguration of the coastline. It is by extending the arrow of Borj Kastile, located in the southeast, that the island of Jerba could be connected to the mainland and therefore loses its island status.

Algerian Mzab traditional houses, using passive techniques since the eleventh century (from 1012 to 1882), have seen recent modifications. Analysis of 612 questionnaires and interviews with Mzab residents reveals 81.2% of these houses have been modified. Modifications include adding floors, thinning walls, and replacing lime with cement, driven by the need for space, ventilation, and modernisation. However, such modifications often increase energy consumption, with residents requiring more heating in winter and air conditioning in summer. This reliance on fossil fuels exacerbates regional climate insecurity. Planting roof terraces and using high-insulation building materials can reduce energy consumption in modified Mzab houses.

Against the backdrop of the environmental crisis, the socio-economic, ecological and cultural importance of the coastal zone calls for greater awareness of how coastal resources function, evolve, are managed and enhanced. This study aims to develop a high-performance (semi-)automatic coastal monitoring method based on Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite images for spatiotemporal analysis of shoreline changes and erosion risk assessment along Jerba Island (Tunisia) using remote sensing data and geospatial tools. A comparative study between the band ratioing (BR) method and the pixel-based image analysis (PBIA) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) methods has led to the development of machine learning (ML), random forest (RF), deep learning (DL) and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. Using these classification methods, 15 different shorelines were successively detected in 1989, 2015 and 2023 and then compared with a digitized reference shoreline from the Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2 images. Following a quantitative evaluation, the accuracy of the classification model shows that the combined CNN-OBIA approach provided the least accurate results, with an overall accuracy (OA) index of 67%, while the OBIA-RF classification method provided the most accurate results (OA of 95%). This comparative study identified an accurate and improved extraction method for quantifying changes in the position of the shoreline on the east coast of Jerba Island, enabling managers to make better decisions on coastal protection and adaptation to climate change.

الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على أشرف الأنبياء والمرسلين.. وبعد فالإباضية من أقدم فرق التاريخ الإسلامي ظهور، وصاحبة حركات ثورية، ومواقف سياسية، ومخالفات عقدية انتهجت بها منهج مخالف لعقيدة المسلمين منذ القدم ومازال لها حضور وانتشار في بلاد المشرق والمغرب الإسلامي، وسنتطرق في هذا التقرير إلى نشأتهم الأولى وعقيدتهم وأبرز شخصياتهم، ومدى ارتباطهم وموقفهم من الخوارج، وعليه جاء التقرير مقسم على النحو التالي: التمهيد، وفيه مطلبين: المطلب الأول: تعريف الإباضية، وأبرز شخصياتها. المطلب الثاني: نشأة الإباضية. المبحث الأول: عقائد الإباضية، وأبرز فرقها. المطلب الأول: عقائد الإباضية. المطلب الثاني: فرق الإباضية. المبحث الثاني: موقف الإباضية من الخوارج. المبحث الثالث: حكم أئمة المسلمين على الإباضية.

Land and Trade in Early Islam discusses the latest developments in the field of early Islamic economic and social history, and explores the notion of polycentrism and the dialectic between global and local between 700 and 1050 CE. The volume explores the political mechanisms and the role of Islamic states in regulating and developing demand in the economy. The chapters question the binary of core/periphery, and demonstrate how the growing scholarship on the liminal regions of the Caliphate has transformed our understanding of the early Islamic world by offering a more nuanced picture of its regional urban and socio-economic dynamics. Changes in the peripheries of the early medieval Caliphate have traditionally been conceived as resulting from initiatives by the core. An increased focus on the comparatively under-explored regions in central Asia, north Africa, south-east Asia and the Caucasus has thrown this into question. Land and Trade in Early Islam draws on this growing body of scholarship to question the notion of peripherality, explore lines of economic influence and interdependence, and to better understand the regional economic, social and political dynamics of this period.