Votre recherche

Archaeological campaigns conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the site of Inqitat (Al Hamr al-Sharqiya), in the area of Khor Rori (Dhofar), produced an interesting assemblage of jewellery of various materials. The characteristics of the site are exceptional because they show traces of occupation from (prehistoric times)/ Prehistory right up to the Islamic period. Its geographical position(location), near Sumhuram, and its socio-political situation explain why bead assemblage here is so important. The use of particular stones indicates the presence of links with the area of the Persian Gulf and the Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the discovery of some tools used for the production of the beads demonstrates a local production of some of these. The long life of the site could help to identify typical materials of each period thus allowing for a more complete comprehension of Dhofar and of the international connections of the area.

Medieval times as Zafar. Placed in a strategic position for its geographical location, climate, availability of water and abundance of fodder, its long history dates back to the Bronze Age. The settlement reached its peak in Mediaeval times when it was a (a hub?) of international trade along the Indian Ocean. Many commodities were exported from the region or passed through the port. Among them a number of regional products such as: myrrh, dragon’s blood, aloe and madder, the most important being, however, frankincense and Arabian horses. Frankincense trade in Mediaeval times is barely studied despite its importance and great incomes generated by this trade during the period. The paper will present a general overview of the site of Al Baleed and its importance in the trade of frankincense, mainly in relation with the Far-eastern market with an overview of the coveted treasures from the region of Dhofar.

A lush vegetation develops around the numerous wadi estuaries interrupting the Dhofari coast in Southern Oman. Many estuaries still house mangroves of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., a very fragile ecosystem that is currently under threat in this area. A rather rich flora, strongly affected by the influence of the monsoon, grows in other estuaries. This study concerns the flora and vegetation of these peculiar habitats with special focus on the plants growing on the different substrates. To gain insights into the pollen diffusion and representation of these plants in the current pollen rain, we analyzed surface soil samples. By evaluating their pollen amounts, we related the modern pollen rain to the abundance/coverage of the plant species typical of the different environments. Rather than a punctual indication of the plants growing at a short distance, our pollen records offer a general picture of the flora and vegetation of the area. This information is crucial for the correct interpretation of pollen records from ancient soils, and underlines the utility of pollen analysis for the reconstruction of the vegetation history.

The Mozabite people constitute a well-known Berber ethnic group who have lived in Algeria for centuries. The Mzabi dialect is their native tongue and Arabic is spoken by many as a second language. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to look into certain parameters surrounding this case of bilingualism. It aims more precisely to check whether or not constant contact with dialectal Arabic in particular might have any effect on the use and maintenance of the Mzabi dialect and tries to figure out the underlying reasons behind it. Accordingly, data are mainly collected using structured interviews with a sample that consists of twenty-five Mozabite merchants in the city of Constantine. The investigation generated comparable results and reveals that Mozabites intentionally speak both dialects separately, depending on context and purpose. It also demonstrates that Mzabi resists change and attrition due to its speakers’ deep sense of belonging to a highly conservative community.

ملخص: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقصي الدور التطبيبي الذي اضطلعت به جمعية مرسلي إفريقيا التنصيرية في منطقة مزاب بعد تطور علم الطب في أوروبا خلال القرن التاسع عشر، واستعماله كأحد أهم الوسائل التي اعتمدت عليها الإدارة الفرنسية لاختراق المجتمع الجزائري ولتطبيع علاقتها به، وقد تعاونت بشكل كبير مع الحركة التنصيرية على فتح المستشفيات والمستوصفات للجزائريين لتحقيق أهدافها الاستعمارية، و تبعا لذلك انتشر المنصرون في كل مناطق الجزائر، مع تركيز أكثر على بعض الجهات التي اعتقدوا أنها ملائمة أكثر لنشاطهم كمنطقة القبائل والأوراس ومزاب والهقار، و اشتغلوا وفق محورين مهمين هما التعليم و التطبيب، وتسعى الدراسة أيضا الى البحث عن الأهداف الخفية للحركة التنصيرية من وراء تكثيف نشاطها التطبيبي في منطقة مزاب من خلال فتح مستشفى وعدة مستوصفات للأهالي، مجندة في ذلك الأخوات البيض للعمل الميداني في محاولة لاختراق النواة الصلبة لمجتمع مزاب، وللتغلغل داخل الأوساط النسائية الأكثر تحصينا، وخلافا لمأمولهم كانت الحصيلة لسنوات طويلة من النشاط التطبيبي للمنصرين ضئيلة، وغير متناسبة مع ضخامة الجهد المبذول. Abstract: This study aims to investigate the medical role played by the Christian Missionaries of Africa Association in the M'zab region after the development of medical science in Europe during the nineteenth century and its use as one of the most important means upon which the French administration relied to penetrate Algerian society and normalize its relationship with it. It actively cooperated with the Christian movement on Hospitals and dispensaries were opened for Algerians to achieve their colonial goals. Accordingly, missionaries spread throughout all regions of Algeria.

مستخلص البحث رواية "سيدات القمر" (في النسخة الإنجليزية تعرف ب "Celestial Bodies") لجوخة الحارثي نوع من أنواع الرواية التاريخية والاجتماعية، التي تقدم الصورة المتعمقة عن جهود المرأة العمانية في طلب الميزان بين التقليد والتحديث. إن الحضارة العمانية، التي قد تأثرت بالقيم التقليدية والأبوية، بدأت تواجه موجة التحديث، التي تجلب تغييرات في مختلف جوانب الحياة، بما في ذلك دور ومكانة المرأة في السعي لتحقيق الحرية والمعادلة. وراء ذلك، تكشف هذه الرواية أيضًا عن ديناميكيات الأسر والمجتمع في مواجهة التغيير الاجتماعي. يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف حضارة وحياة المرأة العمانية كما تفسرها مفهوم العقل والذات والمجتمع في رواية "سيدات القمر" لجوخة الحارثي. باستخدام نظرية التفاعل الرمزي لجورج هربرت ميد، يركز هذا البحث على التفاعلات بين الأفراد والمجتمع، مما يؤكد الفهم من وجهة نظر الذات في استخدام الرموز التي تشير إلى المعنى نتيجة تفسيرها. وتظهر نتائج هذا البحث أن هناك ثلاثة مبادئ تظهر في مفهوم العقل، وهي مرحلة الرمز، ومرحلة تفكير المعنى، ومرحلة الإيماءات؛ أربعة مبادئ تظهر في مفهوم الذات، وهي الأنانية، واحترام الذات، والصورة الذاتية، و"I"/"Me"؛ وثلاثة مبادئ تظهر في مفهوم المجتمع وهي ظهور التعاطف والصراع والتجربة. ABSTRACT The novel “Sayyidat al-Qamar” (in the English version known as “Celestial Bodies”) by Jokha al-Harthi is a historical fiction and social realism genre novel that presents an in-depth portrait of the struggle of Omani women in finding a balance between tradition and modernization. Omani civilization, which was once heavily influenced by traditional and patriarchal values, is slowly starting to face the wave of modernization which brings changes in various aspects of life, including the role and position of women in the pursuit of freedom and equality. Apart from offering a picture of individual struggles, this novel also reveals the dynamics of families and communities in facing social change. This research aims to describe the civilization and life of Omani women as interpreted in the concepts of mind, self and society in the novel “Sayyidat al-Qamar” by Jokha al-Harthi. By using the theory of symbolic interactionism by George Herbert Mead, this research focuses on interactions between individuals and groups which emphasizes understanding from the subject's point of view in using symbols that indicate meaning as a result of their interpretation. This research results show that there are three principles that emerge in the Mind concept, namely the symbol stage, meaning thinking, and gesture stage; four principles that appear in the concept of Self, namely ego, self-esteem, self-image, and “I”/”Me”; and three principles that emerge in the concept of Society, namely the emergence of sympathy, conflict and experience. ABSTRAK Novel “Sayyidat al-Qamar” (dalam versi Inggris dikenal sebagai “Celestial Bodies”) karya Jokha al-Harthi merupakan sebuah novel bergenre fiksi sejarah dan realisme sosial yang menyajikan potret mendalam perjuangan wanita Oman dalam mencari keseimbangan antara tradisi dan modernisasi. Peradaban Oman, yang dulunya sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai tradisional dan patriarkial, perlahan mulai menghadapi gelombang modernisasi yang membawa perubahan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk peran dan posisi wanita dalam mengejar kebebasan dan kesetaraan. Selain menawarkan gambaran terkait perjuangan individu, novel ini juga mengungkapkan dinamika keluarga dan komunitas dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peradaban serta kehidupan wanita Oman yang terinterpretasikan dalam konsep pikiran (Mind), diri (Self), dan masyarakat (Society) dalam novel “Sayyidat al-Qamar” karya Jokha al-Harthi. Dengan menggunakan teori interaksionisme simbolik oleh George Herbert Mead, penelitian ini berfokus pada interaksi antar individu maupun kelompok yang menekankan pada pemahaman dari sudut pandang subjek dalam menggunakan simbol-simbol yang menunjuk makna sebagai hasil interpretasinya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga prinsip yang muncul dalam konsep Mind, yaitu tahap simbol, pemikiran makna, dan tahap gestur; empat prinsip yang muncul dalam konsep Self, yaitu ego, harga diri, citra diri, dan “I”/”Me”; dan tiga prinsip yang muncul dalam konsep Society, yaitu munculnya simpati, konflik, dan pengalaman.

The aim of this study is to analyze the attention has been given by the Omani Arabic dailies; Al-Watan, Oman, Shabiba, and Al-Roya for the Syrian crisis. This study depends on content analysis methodology to analyze all related materials published by the Omani Arabic dailies in 2017. A total of 1903 materials will be analysed using content analysis.

The Dhofar movement which lasted for ten years was initially influenced by Arabian nationalism led by Jamal Abdul Nasser, but shifted towards the Eastern bloc after the Arabs’ defeat by Israel (1967 AD). Shortly before England’s withdrawal from Persian Gulf when Sultan Qaboos entered Oman’s political scene (1970 AD), Iran suppressed the movement with support of England and America. The influences of Arabian nationalism and communism current were the two major challenges during this decade shaping Iran’s political response to the movement. Iran implicitly declared neutrality to the movement despite confirming legitimacy of its religious leader. However, with arrival of Sultan Qaboos, Iran directly participated in its suppression, and the main subject of this paper is to know why. Findings represent that the above-mentioned challenges significantly impacted on Iran’s adoption of two distinct political approaches. While affirming legitimacy of Sultan’s adversaries, Iran first avoided bolstering the movement’s position against the West and maintained positive neutrality and refrained from any actions. Later on, to consolidate Sultan Qaboos authority and to confront the growing influence of the East, Iran suppressed the movement. This article is compiled using a historical method and is written with a descriptive analytical approach.

Madeleine Mesure (Lille 1906 - Toulouse 1978) y Marie Claver (Compiègne 1890 - Toulouse 1985) fueron dos misioneras de nuestra Señora de África, “hermanas blancas”, que desarrollaron su labor en el Sáhara argelino. La primera permaneció entre 1930 y 1961 y tenía buenos conocimientos del árabe literal y argelino. La segunda de ellas desde 1914 hasta 1970, conocía muy bien el árabe argelino y literal y aprendió el amacige de los mozabíes. El original de la obra que editamos se encuentra en la Casa General de las Hermanas Blancas en Roma. Su contenido es, sobre todo, léxico, pero contiene también fraseología en árabe argelino e indicaciones y explicaciones en francés, después de los nombres en árabe argelino, sobre, por ejemplo, el tratamiento de enfermedades con plantas autóctonas, la ceremonia nupcial o el funcionamiento del telar. En su conjunto, podemos decir que es una descripción bastante amplia de la vida de las mujeres y hombres en el Sáhara argelino a partir de su variedad árabe y, en menor medida, amacige. Los dibujos que la acompañan fueron hechos por la hermana Claver. Reproducimos aquí el "Vocabulaire détaillé de la langue arabe" en las lenguas originales, francés, árabe y amacige, acompañado de una presentación en español.

Depuis quelques années, l’île tunisienne cherche à développer des activités culturelles pour se démarquer des autres destinations.

Zanzibari Muslim Moderns is a historical study of Zanzibar during the interwar years. This was a period marked by rapid intellectual and social change in the Muslim world, when ideas of Islamic progress and development were hotly debated. How did this process play out in Zanzibar? Based on a wide range of sources—Islamic and colonial, private and public—Anne K. Bang examines how these concepts were received and promoted on the island, arguing that a new ideal emerged in its intellectual arena: the Muslim modern. Tracing the influences that shaped the outlook of this new figure, Bang draws lines to Islamic modernists in the Middle East, to local Sufi teachings, and to the recently founded state of Saudi Arabia. She presents the activities of the Muslim modern in the colonial employment system, as a contributor to international debates, as an activist in the community, and more. She also explores the formation of numerous faith-based associations during this period, as well as the views of the Muslim modern on everything from funerary practices and Mawlid celebrations to reading habits. A recurring theme throughout is the question with which many Muslim moderns were confronted: who should implement development? And for whom?

Zanzibar Was a Country traces the history of a Swahili-speaking Arab diaspora from East Africa to Oman. In Oman today, whole communities in Muscat speak Swahili, have recent East African roots, and practice forms of sociality associated with the urban culture of the Swahili coast. These "Omani Zanzibaris" offer the most significant contemporary example in the Gulf, as well as in the wider Indian Ocean region, of an Afro-Arab community that maintains a living connection to Africa in a diasporic setting. While they come from all over East Africa, a large number are postrevolution exiles and emigrés from Zanzibar. Their stories provide a framework for the broader transregional entanglements of decolonization in Africa and the Arabian Gulf. Using both vernacular historiography and life histories of men and women from the community, Nathaniel Mathews argues that the traumatic memories of the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964 are important to nation-building on both sides of the Indian Ocean.