Results | Kerko

The British government's announcement of its intention to withdraw 'East of Suez' by the end of 1971 was the catalyst for renewed efforts to resolve many disputes in the Gulf region. Accordingly, the threat posed by the growing Marxist inspired rebellion in Dhofar to Britain's remaining interests in the area could not be left unchallenged. But the means by which this challenge was to be met (including the extent of both overt and covert support for the Sultan) in the post-Suez era, posed a number of challenges for decision-makers in Whitehall. It soon became apparent that with aid flowing to the rebels from South Arabia, the situation was rapidly deteriorating. The failure of the counter-insurgency campaign thus far was increasingly seen to be the fault of Sultan Sa'id bin Taimur whose stubborn refusal to engage in anything but repression in Dhofar and whose denial of modernity to his people in spite of increasing oil revenues meant that Sa'id came to be seen as part of the problem and not the solution. This thesis examines how officials in London defined British interests in Oman and the debates in Whitehall, under successive governments, about how best to tackle the growing insurgency. This complex balancing act between protecting British interests and influence, creating an effective indigenous administration and security bodies while maintaining the image of strategic retreat and the sovereign independence of Oman forms the focus of this thesis. Through an exploration of British government decision making regarding Oman this thesis provides a systematic re-examination of the Anglo-Omani relationship during the critical years of transformation from isolated, undeveloped state into a modern outward looking nation. Since there have been no impartial, in-depth studies of this period which have had access to a wide range of primary source documents, the thesis is able to fill a gap in the literature by demonstrating how British interests were decided upon, how foreign policy was made and how it was implemented. Through the examination of this process this thesis aims to develop a better understanding of how and why Britain decided to commit herself to the protection of the Omani regime, while, at the same time, withdrawing from the Gulf and seeking membership of the European Economic Community. Using historical methodology and drawing extensively upon newly released archival records and interviews with former officials and high ranking officers, the thesis challenges established narratives regarding Britain's role in Oman. By examining the three key pillars of British support for the Sultanate of Oman - the political, military and diplomatic - this thesis argues that the evolution of a careful, considered and sometimes parsimonious policy marked British policy towards Oman, a policy far removed from the deterministic, callous and rapacious account presented by writers such as Halliday, Newsinger and Owtram.

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Anane, M., Kallali, H., Jellali, S., & Ouessar, M. (2008). Ranking suitable sites for Soil Aquifer Treatment in Jerba Island (Tunisia) using remote sensing, GIS and AHP-multicriteria decision analysis. International Journal of Water, 4(1/2), 121. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2008.018151

The present study aims to locate and rank suitable sites for Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) in Jerba Island (South Tunisia) by integrating a single-objective AHP method into a GIS model. The methodology represents a first step in SAT basin construction projects before field investigations. It considers several criteria related to technical, environmental and cost aspects. The result showed that a large area, covering 1489 ha, is suitable for SAT, which exceeds the required area to infiltrate the total treated wastewater produced by all the island wastewater plants. Being situated inside agricultural areas and near coastlines, potential sites for SAT could increase groundwater availability for irrigation and also mitigate existing marine intrusion problem facing Jerba aquifer. The best sites are found closer to Aghir plant than the rest of island WWTPs.

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Perregaux, A. (2008). Mosquée à Djerba. Tunisie [Stylo feutre].

MOSQUÉE À DJERBA, TUNISIE L’île de Djerba, en dehors de la zone hôtelière, recèle des trésors cachés, notamment de très aniennes mosquées. Pour dessiner celle de Faldoun, Aloys Perregaux a mêlé, sans y paraître, divers points de vue, en se déplaçant. On a ainsi une vue synthétisée que la photo ne peut réaliser.

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Luxner, L. (2008). Tunisian Synagogues Flourish Though the Jews have Gone. Middle East, (6), 50–55.

Grøthe, J. (2008). Djerba – «utenfor verden». Den Norske Tannlegeforenings Tidende, 118(8), 504–507.

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Tunisie: des milliers de pèlerins juifs font la fête à la Ghriba. (2008, May 22).

Pèlerinage de la Ghriba: vieux rites juifs perpétués dans la joie à Djerba. (2008, May 23).

Milliers de juifs au pèlerinage à la Ghriba sous haute protection. (2008, May 22).

Tibi, N. (2008). Salam-shalom de la ghriba 2008. harissa.com. https://harissa.com/D_Communautes/Tunisie/salamshalomghriba2008.htm

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Brennan, J. R. (2008). Destroying Mumiani : Cause, Context, and Violence in Late Colonial Dar es Salaam. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 2(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050701847276

This article examines and contextualizes a riot that occurred in Dar es Salaam in 1959, in the peri-urban neighbourhood of Buguruni. The riot involved accusations that security guards and police were abducting neighbourhood residents and killing them in order to use their blood for the preparation of magical medicines. Those who abducted Africans for this purpose were popularly termed mumiani. Their rumoured existence is examined in the wider context of Dar es Salaam’s rapid urbanization, its peri-urban politics and land conflicts, and its systems of law and knowledge. The article also explores the many possible interpretations of this riot. Drawing on interviews with local residents, court testimonies, official correspondence, newspaper accounts, and colonial memoirs, the article constructs a historical account of the riot’s location, Buguruni, as well as a narrative of the riot itself and the subsequent legal actions. Such a violent event raises questions about the relationship between historical evidence and causality, as well as questions about contextualizing major events that fit awkwardly into prevailing historical narratives.

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LaViolette, A. (2008). Swahili Cosmopolitanism in Africa and the Indian Ocean World, A.D. 600–1500. Archaeologies, 4(1), 24–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-008-9064-x

Coastal peoples who lived along the Eastern African seaboard in the first millennium A.D. onwards began converting to Islam in the mid-eighth century. Clearly rooted in and linked throughout to an indigenous regional Iron Age tradition, they created a marked difference between themselves and their regional neighbors through their active engagement with Islam and the expanding Indian Ocean world system. In this paper I explore three ways in which interrelated cultural norms—an aesthetic featuring imported ceramics, foods, and other items, Islamic practice, and a favoring of urban living—created and maintained this difference over many centuries. These qualities of their identity helped anchor those who became Swahili peoples as participants in the Indian Ocean system. Such characteristics also can be seen to have contributed to Swahili attractiveness as a place for ongoing small-scale settlement of Indian Ocean peoples on the African coast, and eventually, as a target for nineteenth-century Arab colonizers from the Persian Gulf. This paper examines the archaeology of these aspects of Swahili culture from its early centuries through ca. A.D. 1500.

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Ḥājj Mūsà, B. b. M. al-. (2008). Ishāmāt al-Shaykh AMuḥ. Iṭfayyish al-Jazā’irī (t. 1332 H./1914 M.) fī Maydān al-ʿUlūm. Al-Mu’tamar al-Duwalī al-awwal fī Tārīkh al-ʿUlūm ʿinda ‘l-ʿArab wa’l-Muslimīn. www.irwane.org

Ḥasan, M. b. M. (2008). al-Munāẓarāt bayna ‘l-Ibāḍiyya al-Wahbiyya wa’l-Firaq al-ukhrà bi-Bilād al-Maghrib khilāla ‘l-Qarnayni al-thālith wa’l-rābiʿ/al-tāsiʿ wa’l-ʿāshir. In Ḥasan Ḥāfiẓī ʿAlawī (Ed.), al-Madhāhib al-Islāmiyya bi-Bilād al-Maghrib min al-Taʿaddud ilà ‘l-Waḥda (pp. 43–59). Kulliyyat al-Ādāb wa’l-ʿUlūm al-Insāniyya. Fonds Martin Custers.

Based (mainly) on: Barrādī: al-Jawāhir al-Muntaqāt; Bārūnī, Sul.: al-Azhār al-Riyāḍiyya; Darjīnī: Ṭabaqāt; Masākanī, Abū Ḥafṣ ʿAmrūs b. Fatḥ: Uṣūl al-Daynūna al-Ṣafiya; Ibn al-Ṣaghīr: Akhbār al-A’imma al-Rustamiyyīn; Ibn Sallām: K. fīhi Bad’ al-Islām; Shammākhī: Siyar; Ṭālibī 1978; Warjlānī: K. al-Sīra wa-Akhbār al-A’imma; Wisyānī: Siyar al-Wisyānī.

Yaḥmadī, I. (2008, August 24). Īrādāt wa-Maṣrūfāt Imāmat al-Khalīlī li’l-ʿĀm 1363-4/1944-5, Wilāyat Biddiyya Namūdhajan. Jarīdat al-Waṭan. Fonds Martin Custers.

Lissir, F. (2008). De l’intérêt des sources archivistiques tunisiennes et françaises pour l’étude de l’histoire libyenne contemporaine. Revue d’Histoire Maghrébine, 35(129), 43–55. Fonds Martin Custers.

Nuṣayrī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq Aḥmad al-. (2008). Mawqif Ṣiḥāfat Ṭarāblus al-Gharb fī ‘l-ʿAhd al-ʿUthmānī min al-Taghalghul al-Istiʿmārī fī ‘l-Maghrib al-ʿArabī. Revue d’Histoire Maghrébine, 35(129), 89–112. Fonds Martin Custers.

Ouanès, M. (2008). La libia nelle scienze umane in Italia. Limiti dell’etnologia. Revue d’Histoire Maghrébine, 35(131), 97–120. Fonds Martin Custers.

Prevost, V. (2008). Les particularités du mihrab chez les ibadites maghrébins. Acta Orientalia Belgica, 21, 307–322. Fonds Martin Custers.