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Nel presente lavoro sono state descritte e analizzate per la prima volta diverse abitazioni rupestri nel Gebel Nefusa libico. Sono stati studiati anche alcuni villaggi rupestri e gasr edificati con pietra e malta di gesso, prodotti nella regione. Per

مع بداية القرن 20م أخذ أبناء الوطن لا سيما الميزابيين منهم يفكرون وبجدية في الهجرة نحو الخارج في ظل حرمانهم داخل وطنهم من كل متطلبات الحياة، لا سيما الثقافية منها، بسبب وجود الاستعمار الفرنسي الذي سخر كل إمكانياته في محاولة منه لطمس هوية الشعب الجزائري، ولم يجد الجزائريون منبعا ينهلون منه مختلف العلوم ويقضون به على الجهل سوى الهجرة نحو البلاد التونسية، حيث كانت الوجهة المفضلة لهم لأسباب عدة فقصدوها إما على شكل أفراد أو جماعات في إطار ما يعرف بالبعثات العلمية الميزابية التي تمكنت من الوصول إلى تونس قبيل الحرب العالمية الأولى، واستمرت إلى غاية الستينات حيث كان لها النجاح الكبير في تكوين الطلبة تكوينا صالحا بما يخدم الوطن.

Loin d’être « archaïque », comme certains la définissent, l’architecture vernaculaire traduit un savoir-faire qui, outre les connaissances techniques locales, révèle d’autres paramètres fondamentaux dictés par la tradition, qui lui confèrent sa spécificité par rapport à l’architecture contemporaine. Cette recherche s’intéresse au patrimoine religieux construit par les berbères ibadites dans deux régions géographiques différentes à savoir : les cinq villes du Mzab en Algérie et l'île de Djerba en Tunisie. Notre étude est basée sur la méthode de la syntaxe spatiale qui met en évidence la relation fondamentale qui existe entre la configuration d'un espace et son usage. L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est d'identifier la logique spatiale des configurations architecturales d’un échantillon de trente mosquées ibadites de Djerba et du Mzab. A travers ce travail nous essayons d’une part, d’expliquer l’organisation spatiale de la mosquée ibadite dans les deux régions d’étude. D’autre part, nous nous proposons de montrer l’existence de trois modes d’intégration qui structurent la mosquée ibadite dans l’île de Djerba et dans la vallée du Mzab : le çaḥn, le tẓalliṭ et le tẓalliṭ-tzaqqa n tẓalliṭ.

The Libyan varieties of both Arabic and Berber are among the least researched in their respective fields. In order to facilitate the study of these varieties, we present an annotated bibliography of all relevant research that could be identified up until the middle of 2016. With this, we aim to identify both the gaps in current and the possibilities for future research. Studies are grouped into Arabic and Berber sections, and subgrouped according to region. For Arabic, dialects of Tripoli and western regions, Benghazi and eastern regions, Fezzan and southern regions, as well as Jewish dialects, are treated. For Berber, varieties of Zwara, the Nafusa mountains, Sokna and El-Foqaha, and Awjila, and Tuareg are treated. Short introductions highlighting the most important studies precede bibliographic references and brief comments are given when of interest. , ان اللهجات الليبية العربية والامازيغية هي من المواضيع الاقل دراسة وبحثاً في مجالهما. ومن اجل تسهيل دراسة هذه اللهجات، نحن نقدم فهرساً مذيلاً لكل الابحاث المتعلقة بذلك والتي يمكن تحديدها حتى منتصف عام 2016. بهذا، نحن نهفد الى تحديد الفجوات في الدراسة الحالية وبحث امكانية دراسات مستقبلية. جميع الدراسات مصنفة تحت بابي العرب والامازيغ ومن ثم مصنفة حسب المنطقة. بالنسبة للعربية فقد تم تناول لهجات طرابلس والمناطق الغربية، وبنغازي والمناطق الشرقية، وفزان والمناطق الجنوبية، اللهجات اليهودية ايضاً. اما بالنسبة للامازيغية فقد تم دراسة اللهجات من زوارة، وجبل نفوسة، والسوكنة والفقها واوجلة، ولهجة الطوارق . كما ادرجنا مقدمات قصيرة تسلط الضوء على اهم الدراسات تسبق المراجع الببلوغرافية وتعليقات مختصرة كلما دعت الحاجة لذلك .

Activists claim that the authorities on December 25th launched a security campaign against the Berber town of Yafran,170km south-west of Tripoli, the Saudi-owned pan-Arab daily Al-Sharq al-Awsat reported. Fathi Bin-Khalifah, coordinatorof the Libyan Action Group and the Lib-yan Amazighs’ Grouping, said in a tele-phone contact from his base in Moroccothat the Libyan authorities were besiegingthe town, electronically jamming telephonecontacts between it and the outside world,and also banning anyone coming fromother areas from entering. He claimed thatthere was intensive security deploymentafter units from the anti-riot Central Sup-port Forces were brought in and that hehad received information that military air-craft had flown over the town which has apopulation of around 50,000.According to assertions by Bin-Khalifahand various Amazigh (Berber) internetwebsites, groups from the ‘‘Youth Lea-gues’’ ofSayf-al-Islam, the second son ofLibyan Leader ColonelMouammar Gad-dafy, and elements from the Revolution-ary Committees attacked the capital ofJabal Nafusah and encircled and raidedthe houses of some known Amazigh fig-ures. Local residents said they did notknow the specific reason for the securitycampaign, while some sources said theLibyan authorities were punishing all theAmazighs because some of their leadershad taken part in an expanded recentconference held to discuss their condi-tions in the Maghreb.But Bin-Khalifah said ‘‘there is no direct orimmediate cause for these events’’ andnoted that the ‘‘International AmazighCongress’’, which adopts the Amazighs’causes from its base in France, had a meet-ing recently with Colonel Gaddafy andadded: ‘‘There are no signs or indications.What happened was sudden and there wereabsolutely no moves beforehand other thanthe regime’s attempt to get rid of thenatives and create a new pit of tension.’’Amazigh activists claim that their influenceand presence in Libyan social, profes-sional, economic, scientific, administrative,and military circles could have aroused thefears of the authorities towards thembecause of their opposition to any attemptto bequeath leadership of the nation toCol. Gaddafy’s son.Yafran with its Amazigh majority is thesecond Libyan town to witness suddentroubles following the violence thatoccurred a few weeks earlier in Al-Kufrahtown in the south of Libya between theLibyan authorities and the local citizens.They were demonstrating against their dete-riorating living conditions and the central authorities’ neglect of their rights to have official identity cards in addition to depriving their sons of the right to government education and other basic services.(Al-Sharq al-Awsat website 27⁄12: BBC Mon.)

Fossil vertebrates from the Cabao Formation discovered in the area of Nalut in northwestern Libya include the hybodont shark Priohybodus, the crocodilian Sarcosuchus, an abelisaurid, a baryonichine spinosaurid and a large sauropod with spatulate teeth. The Cabao Formation may be Hauterivian to Barremian in age, although an earlier Berriasian to Valanginian age cannot be excluded. Its dinosaur assemblage is reminiscent of that of the El Rhaz and Tiouraren formations of Niger and strongly differs from both the Cenomanian assemblages of Morocco and Egypt and the Late Aptian to Albian fauna of Tunisia. Fossil vertebrates may be an important tool to establish the stratigraphical framework of the poorly dated Early Cretaceous continental deposits of Africa.