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Sadgrove, P. C. (2001, May 25). From Wādī Mīzāb to Unguja, Zanzibar’s scholarly links.

This paper discusses the links, through correspondence found in the Zanzibar archives, in the late 19th and early 20th century maintained between the remote community of Wādī Mīzāb, in the person of the great Algerian Ibāḍī scholar, Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish (1820/1-1914) and the Sultans of Zanzibar. The letters, in an obscure classical format, inter alia raise questions of patronage, the precarious impecunious position of scholars and problems of publishing. The paper was kindly made available to me before its publication. Sadgrove also treats al-Maṭb. al-Bārūniyya in Cairo and al-Maṭb. al-Sulṭāniyya at Zanzibar. See Custers 2006a.

Thurston, A. (1986). The Zanzibar Archives project and its implications for the preservation of records in East and Central Africa. African Research and Documentation, 16–18. Fonds Martin Custers.

Savioli, L. (1982). Gli ibāḍiti di Pemba. Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 37, 325–329. Fonds Martin Custers.

Personal impressions of the author, who as a medical doctor spent 27 months in Chake, the capital of Pemba, of a small Ibāḍī community he became befriended with. One of his informants was the old sheikh Said Mohammed Mbaruk.

Hashim, A. (2005). Servants of Sharīʿa: qāḍīs and the politics of accomodation in East Africa. Sudanic Africa, 16, 27–51. Fonds Martin Custers.

Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. (2000). Habari za Pate: the history of Pate of Muhammad bin Bwana Mkuu al‑Nabhani revised and enlarged by Muhammad bin Fumo Omari al‑Nabhani (Bwana Kitini). In Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth (Vol. 1, pp. 188–208). Brill. Fonds Martin Custers.

Glassman, J. (2000). Sorting out the Tribes: The Creation of Racial Identities in Colonial Zanzibar’s Newspaper Wars. The Journal of African History, 41(3), 395–428. Fonds Martin Custers.

on the debates and discussions by which Zanzibari intellectuals crafted locally compelling concepts of racial nationalism. These debates occurred in two phases. The first involved promotion of the idea of exlusionary ethnic nationalism. This was accomplished largely by the elite literati, affiliated with the Arab Association and Zanzibar National Party, who immagined a national community defined by class-bound criteria of arabocentric “civilization”. In the second phase, poorly educated propagandists affiliated with the African Association countered with their own vision of exclusionary ethnic nationalism, one that immagined the nation in explicitly racial terms. Most of the article phocuses on the second of these phases, examining debates from the popular newspapers of the 1950s, [especially the racial nationalists of Afrika Kwetu and the elite nationalists of Mwongozi. The latter was edited by Ali Muhsin al-Barwani].

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O’Fahey, R. S., & Vikør, K. S. (1996). A Zanzibari waqf of books: the library of the Mundhiri family. Sudanic Africa, 7, 5–23. Fonds Martin Custers.

Scattered among the Arabic books and MSS section of the Zanzibar Archives are a number of books written by, or which contain ownership of Waqfiyya notices written by, various members of the Mundhirī family. The Mundhiris were cultivated scholars through at least three generations, who not only collected and endowed MSS, but also wrote them. The family was established in the Malindi quarter of Zanzibar city before Sayyid Saʿīd b. Sulṭān finally settled on the island in 1832. ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Mundhirī did most to establish and consolidate the Waqf of books. Although only fragments of his work survive, what we do have gives much information about the intellectual climate in Zanzibar at the end of the 19th century. A list of titles included in the Waqf is included in the article.

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Glassman, J. (1995). Feasts and riot: revelry, rebellion, and popular consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-1888. Heinemann.

Photocopy of pp. 137-138 (Sultan Barghash, Ibāḍīs).

Guidi, I. (1906). Il diritto ereditario musulmano secondo la dottrina degli arabi ibāḍiti di Zanzibar e dell’Africa orientale. Rivista Coloniale, 1(2), 173–196. Fonds Martin Custers.

Guidi, I. (1906). Il diritto ereditario musulmano secondo la dottrina degli arabi ibāḍiti di Zanzibar e dell’Africa orientale. Rivista Coloniale, 1(3), 355–387. Fonds Martin Custers.

Imbert, A. (1903). Le droit abadhite chez les musulmans de Zanzibar et de l’Afrique orientale. Adolphe Jourdan. Fonds Martin Custers.

An abstract of Sachau 1894, translation of the chapters on the law of succession (ch. 61-77) and testament (ch. 58) in Abū ‘l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥ. b.ʿAlī al-Basyāwī’s Mukhtasar al-Basyawī (Zanzibar 1886) (pp. 9-12), and a comparison with chapter 21 of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Thamīnī’s Kitāb al-Nīl, translated by Zeys 1895 (12-19). An abstract of Sachau 1898a (19-21).

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Purpura, A. (2000). Portrait of Seyyid Silima from Zanzibar: piety and subversion in Islamic prayer. In D. Parkin & S. C. Headley (Eds.), Islamic prayer across the Indian Ocean: inside and outside the mosque (pp. 117–136). Curzon. Fonds Martin Custers.

Martin, B. G. (1969). Muslim politics and resistance to colonial rule. Shaykh Uways b. Muḥammad al-Barāwī and the Qādiriyya brotherhood in East Africa. The Journal of African History, 10, 471–486. Fonds Martin Custers.

In East Africa there had been signs of the Ibāḍī movement seeking common grounds with other Islamic resistance to colonial rule, notably with the Qādiriyya (Wilkinson 1987b, 245).

Lodhi, A. Y. (1986). The Arabs in Zanzibar: from Sultanate to People’s Republic. Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, 7(2), 404–418. Fonds Martin Custers.

Hoffman, V. J. (2005). Muslim-Christian encounters in late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. MIT Electronical Journal of Middle East Studies, 5, 59–78. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Ghazal, A. N. (2005). The other “Andalus”. The Omani elite in Zanzibar and the making of an identity, 1880s-1930s. MIT Electronical Journal of Middle East Studies, 5, 43–58. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Germain, A. (1868). Note sur Zanzibar et la côte orientale d’Afrique. Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, 5(16), 530–559. Fonds Martin Custers.

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Bang, A. K. (2008). Textual sources on an Islamic African past: Arabic material in Zanzibar’s National Archive. In S. Jeppie & S. B. Diagne (Eds.), The meanings of Timbuktu (pp. 349–359). HSRC Press. Fonds Martin Custers.

Soghayroun, I. (2001). The Arab and Swahili culture in historical perspective. Some important links in “The history of the Mazrūʿīs in East Africa” by Shaykh al-Amīn b. ʿAlī al-Mazrūʿī. Sudanic Africa, 12, 15–32. Fonds Martin Custers. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25653355

This paper presents Shaykh al-Amīn’s history of the Mazrūʿīs -an Omani tribe which was brought to Mombasa in about 1698- and evaluates its intellectual legacy to East Africa. Although the manuscript concentrates on the history of the Mazrūʿīs in East Africa, it comprises considerable material pertaining to other groups that played an important role in the history of the area. The Mazrūʿī history describes the interal factional struggles in Oman and its impact on East African Arab and Swahili communities. It also sheds light on the Portuguese and their policy during the period of their domination of the East African coast.

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Bang, A. K., & Vikør, K. S. (2000). A tale of three shambas. Part II. Sudanic Africa, 11, 1–24. Fonds Martin Custers.

In this article three cases before the Sultan’s Court for Zanzibar and Pemba are presented over inheritance involving the possession of shambas, farms and farmhouses in the agricultural areas (from the Zanzibar National Archive, files HC8/1-140). For the Ibāḍiyya, the main legal text was K. al-Nīl wa-Shifā’ al-ʿAlīl of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibr. al-Muṣʿabī al-Thamīnī (1130-1223/1718-1808). To this, the most frequently used commentary was Sharḥ al-Nīl by Muḥ. b. Yūsuf Iṭfayyish (1260-1332/1820-1914). Another much used work on Ibāḍī inheritance law was the Mukhtaṣar by the Omani author Abū ‘l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Bisyawī. Pp. 8-9: information on the Ibāḍī Qāḍī ʿAlī b. Muḥ. al-Mundhirī (1866-1925).

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