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The M’zab Dorsal in central Algeria is an excellent example of early intraplate folding within the Sahara platform. The Ghardaïa region, located in the center of this mountainous assortment, has two aquifers for water supply: one shallow in the cretaceous layers and another deeper in the continental intercalary sandstone layer. Groundwater recharge is critical for environmental sustainability and water security. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive interpretation of fracture in this region as well as to determine the mechanisms by which water is transported between the highly fractured surface layer of cretaceous limestone and the deep subsurface reservoir. Laboratory and field investigations reveal an evolution from Na-Cl-SO4 water facies in the upstream region to Na-Ca-SO4 type facies in the downstream region, which occurs in Senonian and Barremian reservoirs. The study examines the region’s hydrological history and reconstructs paleo-recharge environments through hydrodynamic and structural analyses of rock cracks and fractures in the cretaceous exposure. The complex network of surface and underground fractures forms a complicated interconnected system that influences groundwater movement, storage, and availability. The density of fractures in rigid substrates influences the aquifer’s recharge capacity, allowing for faster infiltration and more water storage. Understanding fracture density and connectivity is critical to assessing aquifer recharge dynamics. The findings indicate that water table recharges in the M’zab Dorsal region are less intense than in the past, owing to structural and geological changes caused by fissuration and fracture. Therefore, a careful strategy for utilizing the drinking water table is primordial.
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La vallée du M’Zab est située dans le Sud Algérien. L’aridité du climat qui caractérise cette région rend obligatoirement le recours vers les eaux des nappes souterraines pour satisfaire les besoins en eau potable de la population et l’irrigation des cultures. Une étude d’analyse des paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux de la nappe superficielle de l’oued Touzouz l’un des affluents de oued M’Zab, montre que ces eaux sont très dures à l’exception de quelques points. Le faciès chimique dominant est de type chloruré et sulfaté calcique et magnésien. L’analyse statistique multidimensionnelle (ACP) des variables physico-chimiques a montré l’existence de quatre groupes d’eaux répartis à travers l’espace factoriel
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