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ملخص: تعالج هذه الأطروحة العلاقة بين العلاقات الاجتماعية التي ينسجها التاجر المزابي في منطقة الغرب الجزائري واندماجه في المجتمع المحلّي لكل مدينة، حيث يمثل النشاط التجاري مجالا اجتماعيا غنيا بالعلاقات الاجتماعية والمعاملات التجارية في المحيط الحضري الذي يحوز على سوق استهلاكية كبيرة. لقياس هذه العلاقة بين المتغيرين اعتمدنا على المزج بين المنهج الكمي والكيفي؛ من أجل الإحاطة الواسعة قدر الإمكان لمسار هجرة الجماعة المزابية من وادي ميزاب إلى مدن الغرب الجزائري وواقع العلاقة بين التاجر المزابي والرجل المحلّي، معتمدين في ذلك على الاستمارة والمقابلة لجمع المعلومات اللازمة لقياس هذه العلاقة، وكانت من أهم النتائج المتحصل عليها وجود علاقات صداقة وجيرة قوية بين الطرفين في المدينة، كما يوجد علاقة مصاهرة بين التاجر والمحلّي وأكثر من هذا مشاركة المزابي في نشاطات المجتمع المحلّي في منطقة الغرب الجزائري. Résumé: La thèse traite la relation entre les relations sociales que le commerçant Mozabite les ai tissé dans la région de l’Ouest algérien et son intégration dans la communauté locale de chaque ville, où l’activité commerciale est un espace social riche en relations sociales et transactions commerciales dans l’océan urbain qui détient un grand marché de consommation. Cette relation entre les deux variables nécessite une mesure scientifique, ou nous nous sommes appuyés sur une combinaison d’approches quantitatives et qualitatives ; Afin de capturer le plus largement possible le parcours migratoire de la communauté Mozabite de la vallée de M’Zab aux villes de l’Ouest algérien et la réalité de la relation entre le commerçant et l’individu local. En basant sur la technique du formulaire et l’entretien pour avoir des informations nécessaires afin examiner cette relation, l’un des résultats les plus importants obtenus a été l’existence de relations amicales et de bon voisinage entre les deux parties dans la ville. Il y a aussi un rapport entre le commerçant et le local où la participation du commerçant aux activités de la société locale dans la région algérienne occidentale est fort.

Cet article, centré sur l’usage du corps et le style vestimentaire, interroge ce que ceux-ci nous disent du respect des normes de genre et de la capacité, ou de la volonté, de transiger avec celles-ci ou de se les réapproprier à son avantage. Il se fonde sur une étude portant sur des femmes mozabites vivant dans leur territoire d’origine (le M’Zab), et dans un territoire d’accueil, la ville d’El-Eulma (Setif). La comparaison entre ces deux espaces permet d’éclairer et de mesurer le décalage entre les usages du corps et du vêtement selon le poids démographique et la force des liens de sociabilité. Le port du voile aḥouli, accessoire qui, au M’Zab, sert à l’invisibilité des femmes mozabites, se révèle accroître leur visibilité ailleurs, de sorte que celles-ci peuvent vouloir l’ôter pour gagner en invisibilité.

The Mozabite people constitute a well-known Berber ethnic group who have lived in Algeria for centuries. The Mzabi dialect is their native tongue and Arabic is spoken by many as a second language. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to look into certain parameters surrounding this case of bilingualism. It aims more precisely to check whether or not constant contact with dialectal Arabic in particular might have any effect on the use and maintenance of the Mzabi dialect and tries to figure out the underlying reasons behind it. Accordingly, data are mainly collected using structured interviews with a sample that consists of twenty-five Mozabite merchants in the city of Constantine. The investigation generated comparable results and reveals that Mozabites intentionally speak both dialects separately, depending on context and purpose. It also demonstrates that Mzabi resists change and attrition due to its speakers’ deep sense of belonging to a highly conservative community.

ALGER. 21 avril (P.P ). — A l’occasion des fêtes du Chouffane. M Roger Léonard, gouverneur général de l’Algérie, vient de passer deux Jours au Mzab, Dans un discours prononcé â Beni-Inchen. Il a déclaré qu'il estimait possible d’apporter une solution au problème de l'eau, particulièrement dans le domaine de l’irrigation, et souligne l’Importance que représente pour l'équilibre économique de l’Algérie l’exode périodique des populations mozabltes vers le Nord.

Algiers under Ottoman rule contained an elaborate system of barrani (literally ‘foreigner’) corporations whose members were united by occupational specialisation and ethnic or racial identity. These corporations managed their affairs semi-autonomously under the leadership of one or several of their members while remaining vulnerable to political authorities who could threaten to withdraw occupational concessions. By the early nineteenth century, the Mizabi corporation was among the most prominent at Algiers, enjoying a quasi-monopoly over commercial enterprises such as flour mills, butcher shops, and public baths. The 1830 French conquest of Algiers confronted Mizabi merchants with an excruciating dilemma. The stakes were enormous for these Muslim sectarians who (1) played a central role in the survival of their Saharan home community, (2) served as key links in Algerian communication networks, and (3) made vital economic contributions to coastal cities. The Saharan community’s political submission to an alien power seemed unthinkable; starvation resulting from French threats to cut off caravan links to the Mizab was equally unthinkable. This study examines the background and impact of the 1838 and 1850 decrees reorganising the barrani corporations of French-controlled Algeria. Buffeted and torn by the dilemmas of political accommodation and Saharan survival, Mizabi merchants demonstrated remarkable resilience during a turbulent and transitional era.

The political events that preceded French occupation of Mīzāb, based mainly on French archivial materials. The awkward position of the Mīzābīs between French superior military power, which could easily destroy their trading activities in the North if they would not submit to French demands, and the threat of attaques on them by rebels in the South and their nomadic supporters if they would openly submit to the French and support them. This dilemma led to fierce internal strife in Mīzāb.

The Mīzāb is an Ibādī community consisting of seven cities clustered in an arid rocky region 350 miles south of Algiers. Having established these settlements nearly a millennium ago, the Mīzābīs, as the inhabitants came to be known, struggled against formidable environmental odds and managed not only to survive but to prosper. By the sixteenth century the Mīzāb had become an important northern Saharan market. During the following centuries, the Maghrib witnessed a remarkable movement of Mīzābī men to coastal cities where they attained prominence in a variety of professions while leaving their roots firmly implanted within their distant oasis community. Following a brief historical background to settlement in the Mīzāb, this article sketches the ecological constraints of an urban community in a region virtually devoid of resources. It then traces the history of the commercial dispersion to the North during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the probable causes of emigration. The Mīzābīs were forced by environmental constraints to seek outside sources of support. Their rise to prominence in the Regency of Algiers may have been related to declining Saharan commerce and new commercial opportunities in the North. The organization and function of Mīzābī corporations in Algiers and other northern cities are described. Finally, this article relates an Ibāçī reform ethic to Mīzābī commercial success and concludes with some reflections on religious ideology and environmental demands as contributing factors to the long-term Mīzābī role in commerce.

A study of the impact of French imperialism on northern Saharan trade. Mīzāb’s important role in this trade

A critical study with reference to a letter of Mīzābīs in Algiers to the commander of the French occupying forces intended to keep the priviliges they had acquired under the Turks.

The Ottoman period in Algeria was from 1515-1830. These three letters are from the private library of Muḥ. al-Ḥājj Saʿīd b. Ayyūb in Ghardaïa, Mīzāb. The first letter (Dhū ‘l-Qaʿda 1206/1792) contains a complaint from the Mīzābīs to the Dāy Bābā Ḥasan (1791-1798) about the intention of Ṣāliḥ Bāy, Bāy of Constantine (1771-1792), to subdue the Mīzābīs and their families, to lead their women and children into captivity, and subsequently to exterminate them, probably for no other reason then their belonging to the Ibāḍī Madhhab. The second letter (Muḥarram 1207/Aug. 1792) is a letter of thanks for the Dāy’s help. The third one (end of Ṣafar 1207/1792), to al-Ḥājj ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf, Siḥr of the Dāy and their mediator with the Dāy, “expresses the acknowledgment of what is beautiful by its writers”; it contains the aforementioned complaint and the Mīzābīs’ gratitude.