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Questo paper affronta il tema dell’identità Omanita e l’ideologico religioso Islamico Ibadita. Fra gli elementi principali che caratterizzano l’Oman, si possono considerare: 1. La sua particolare configurazione geografica. 2. La sua popolazione multi-culturale e multi-religiosa sin da epoche antichissime e precedent l’Islam stesso. 3. La dottrina Islamica Ibadita. Conseguentemente, in primo luogo l’Autore si sofferma sulle particolari connotazioni geografiche dell’Oman e suoi molteplici ‘paesaggi’, i quali hanno indubbiamnete avuto un profondo impatto sugli habitat umani e la loro organizzazione all’interno delle diverse nicchie ecologiche del Paese, risalendo a secoli se non a millenni or sono. Riguardo a quest’ultimo aspetto, una delle principali connotazioni è stata quella del tribalismo e le sue complementarietà all’interno di una cornice che, in Oman, è sempre stata caratterizzata da multi-culturalità e multi-religiosità. Quindi, con l’avvento dell’Islam, un nuovo fattore si è imposto sulla scena storica omanita: l’Ibadismo e le sue dinamiche. Dopo un breve schema storico e in ampia parte riferendosi al paper precedente, il discorso puntualizza i principî base dell’Ibadismo e della sua evoluzione nel tempo, il ruolo giocato in Oman nel corso dei secoli, il suo impatto sulla società locale e il modello politico-istituzionale che esso ha contribuito a forgiare e modellare. Si tratta di una eredità culturale tramandata nei secoli fino ad oggi. Infine, l’Autore dà un rapido ma chiaro affresco dell’Ibadismo e del suo ideologico religioso oggi, il rapporto fra questa ideologia religiosa e il concetto di Modernità tecnologica e sociale, Corano e principî guida religiosi di fronte alle diversità, la risposta Ibadita di fronte a un nuovo modello di società inter-religiosa e inter-etnica.

The objective of this paper is to shed the light to the series of manuscripts of the treatise al-Mutashabih fi al-Qur’an ( Ambiguous [ayat] in the Qur’an ) by Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi, Mu'tazilte scholar of Baghdad. The problem discussed is the exaggeration of the Qur’an which was the point of sharp theological debates. We know comparatively well the Mu'tazilte works produced in Basra while the work by Abu Tahir al-Turaythithi reflects comprehensively the school of Baghdad. The journey of the treatise through the Muslim world as presented by its manuscripts started from Central Asia, they appeared in Yemen and Oman and finally in one of the European libraries.

Le gros de la recherche orientaliste consacrée à la littérature théologique islamique a négligé les idées théologiques Ibāḍī à portée cosmologique, ce qui a conduit à une compréhension incomplète de la théologie islamique et à un manque considérable dans la recherche occidentale. L'omission de ce mouvement important de l'Islam est compréhensible étant donné que les textes Ibāḍī ne sont accessibles, publiés, diffusés et traduits que de façon très partielle. Cette étude vise donc à combler certaines de ces lacunes dans la recherche sur la première théologie islamique. Les objectifs de cet article sont de: 1) caractériser la littérature Ibāḍī classique portant sur la théorie atomiste de la substance et de l'accident; 2) examiner les textes d'auteurs Ibāḍī du iiie/ixe siècle dialoguant et discutant avec d'autres écoles théologiques islamiques, à savoir les Muʿtazilites pré-Bahshamiyya (Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī, d. 321/933) et les Ashʿarites (Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, d. 324/936), en lien avec la théorie atomiste de la substance et de l'accident; 3) passer en revue le grand nombre d'opinions soutenues parmi les premiers théologiens Ibāḍī, et examiner les sources et les thèmes spécifiques susceptibles d'avoir influencé cette école de pensée diversifiée. Cet article cherche aussi à identifier des traits communs dans l'approche Ibāḍī durant la période de formation de la théologie islamique, et à explorer les voies grâce auxquelles ces premiers théologiens ont pu avoir accès à des thèmes cosmologiques antérieurs à l'Islam.

The Aqw?l Qat?da (the Sayings/teachings of Qat?da) is a collection of writings on fiqh (jurisprudence) and ?ad?th (traditions) narrated by Qat?da b. Di'ama al-Sadusi (c.60-117/680-735) that has frequently attracted the interest of present-day scholars. In addition to these writings, the discovery of a number of previously unknown texts on Ib??? jurisprudence and early legal opinions in the Maghrib region by a non-Ib??? scholar from Ba?ra now raises important questions about early Ib??? history and the proper methods of recording information during Islam’s formative period during the first half of the 2nd /8th century. Although these texts have not yet been published, they are the subject of intense debate amongst modern scholars. Although the Aqw?l Qat?da was never incorporated into the legal literature of the Ib??iyyah in Oman, manuscripts of the Aqw?l Qat?da have repeatedly attracted particular interest among modern scholars as it raises questions concerning the early development of the Ib??? Ba?ran community. It is a unique document because it attests to the existence of a scholarly link between Sunn?s and Ib???s during the early development of Islamic law. The fact that the legal responses and traditions of Qat?da are part of an Ib??? collection, in which the traditions of J?bir bin Zayd (one of the founders of Ibadism) have been transmitted through ‘Amr b. Harim and ‘Amr b. D?n?r, proves that Ib??? lawyers of the first generations considered Qat?da to be a faithful upholder of J?bir's doctrine. This present study on the text is based on two recently discovered manuscripts. One of these is in the D?r al-Kutub al-Mi?riyyah in Cairo, while the other is in the al-B?r?niyyah Library (al-Khiz?nah al-B?r?niyyha) on the Tunisian island of Djerba. We shall look at both of them in detail. The texts display three important features, which will be the subject of analysis: 1) fiqh opinions commonly held during the early Islamic period in Ba?ra; 2) early approaches to the collection of Islamic religious traditions including ?ad?th of the Prophet and legal opinions of the early community 3) the development of Islamic jurisprudence during the first two centuries of the Islamic era.

The last fifty years mark a period of great change in the role of religious leadership and education in the Sultanate of Oman. The country moved from bifurcated leadership between an Imam and a Sultan to a single political authority. These decades also witnessed the modernisation of the state. These factors combined to reshape the place of religion and religious education in society. Whereas previously religious leaders had relative autonomy and more direct political influence, now they were brought under the auspices of the government with their focus circumscribed to religious matters. The structures and foci of religious education were then reshaped so that tradition provided a platform for progress and the more zealous ideologies emerging in the region could be held at bay. This has permitted Oman to modernise and engage with a global society in an amicable, non-sectarian, manner.

Termin „Jedwabny Szlak” ma dwa znaczenia: dosłowne i metaforyczne. W czasach, kiedy termin ten został wprowadzony do obiegu, centrum handlowym ówczesnego globalnego świata był świat arabski. Później centrum to przesunęło się na zachód, w dużym stopniu ze względu na chaos i zaburzenia, które zaczęły wstrząsać Bliskim Wschodem. W kolejnym okresie handel światowy zaczął intensywnie rozwijać się na Dalekim Wschodzie, z którym ściśle powiązana jest Zatoka Arabska/ Perska oraz basen Morza Czerwonego. Dzisiaj gospodarcze znaczenie Jedwabnego Szlaku staje się ważniejsze niż kiedykolwiek. W artykule analizowane są kulturowe aspekty idei Jedwabnego Szlaku oraz formy, w jakich ta idea zaczyna się wyrażać.

This article comparatively assesses the relationship of Arabian Peninsula governments to modern Islamic reform movements after the formation of nation-states by the British Government in post-Ottoman Arabia. Over the last half century the region of the Arabian Peninsula has experienced an Islamic awakening that has played an integral role in the process of modernization in Arabian states. There are three aims of this study: 1) to examine the influence of the traditional Islamic schools of theology on re-shaping the identities of Arabian states. 2) to explore the degree to which the governments of the nation states and the prior political establishments informed the contemporary vision of religious reform 3) to consider the impact that the recent wealth of Arabian States, especially the wealth of the GCC countries, has had on the creation of the modern Islamic revival since the discovery of oil. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]