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Pp. 48-55 on the MS of Ibr. b. Saʿīd al-ʿIbrī (d. 1975) on the history of the ʿIbriyyūn.
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On October 15, 1912, a little over twenty years after Zanzibar was declared a British protectorate, Theodore Burtt, a Christian missionary in Pemba, a sister island to Zanzibar, sent a letter to the British consul general in Stone Town, Zanzibar’s capital. The letter addressed two concerns: how to manage marriage among “native” Christian converts and whether the marriages conducted by the mission were valid under “Mohammedan law” (ZNA AB 30/7). But the main concern of the mission, according to the letter writer, was that the “present lawless promiscuous cohabitation between the sexes, and separation again, often for trifling causes and...
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In Oman, Bangladeshis are now the most important community of migrants among South Asians. Among them are fishermen who represent a paradigmatic example of the difficult situation most low skilled workers have to face in the Gulf countries. Based on fieldworks in Hatiya, a small island of the Bay of Bengal from where these fishermen are originating, and in several harbours of Oman, I intend to highlight the different mechanisms which make migration a very risky gamble for these men. From the recruitment process through local networks, the conditions of work and salaries, the unavoidable path to an irregular status and eventually the arrest and deportation of most of these workers, I propose to show how, structurally, their migratory experience almost always leads to failure and increased poverty.
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While most West European nations were formed around pre-existing entities that could be called “countries” before the modern age, this was not the case in the Middle East. Some entities, like Egypt, did have a clear political and cultural identity before colonialism, others, like Algeria, did not. This chapter discusses the four states of the Maghreb: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, through the perspective of “country creation” going into and coming out of colonial rule. We can see here two “models” of fairly similar types of historical development, one showing a gradual process through a protectorate period to relatively stable modern nations, another through violent conquest and direct colonization ending in violent liberation and military and wealthy but fragile states. The article asks whether these models for the history of country creation and the presence or absence of pre-colonial identities can help explain the modern history and nature of these states in the Arab Spring and the years thereafter. Then, a more tentative attempt is made to apply these models to two countries of the Arab east, Syria and Iraq. While local variations ensure that no model can be transferred directly, it can show the importance of studying the historical factors that go into the transition from geographical region to a country with people that can form the basis of a nation.
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Sujet
- al-Ǧumhūriyyaẗ al-Ṭarābulusiyya (1918-1922) (1)
- Archéologie -- Oman (2)
- Archéologie -- Zanzibar (1)
- Bārūnī, Sulaymān al- (1870-1940) (2)
- Commerce transsaharien (1)
- Emigration -- Bangladesh -- Oman (1)
- Enseignement -- Oman (1)
- Esclavage -- Oman (1)
- Géologie -- Djebel Nefousa (5)
- Journalisme -- Mzab (1)
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