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The political events that preceded French occupation of Mīzāb, based mainly on French archivial materials. The awkward position of the Mīzābīs between French superior military power, which could easily destroy their trading activities in the North if they would not submit to French demands, and the threat of attaques on them by rebels in the South and their nomadic supporters if they would openly submit to the French and support them. This dilemma led to fierce internal strife in Mīzāb.
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The Mīzāb is an Ibādī community consisting of seven cities clustered in an arid rocky region 350 miles south of Algiers. Having established these settlements nearly a millennium ago, the Mīzābīs, as the inhabitants came to be known, struggled against formidable environmental odds and managed not only to survive but to prosper. By the sixteenth century the Mīzāb had become an important northern Saharan market. During the following centuries, the Maghrib witnessed a remarkable movement of Mīzābī men to coastal cities where they attained prominence in a variety of professions while leaving their roots firmly implanted within their distant oasis community. Following a brief historical background to settlement in the Mīzāb, this article sketches the ecological constraints of an urban community in a region virtually devoid of resources. It then traces the history of the commercial dispersion to the North during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the probable causes of emigration. The Mīzābīs were forced by environmental constraints to seek outside sources of support. Their rise to prominence in the Regency of Algiers may have been related to declining Saharan commerce and new commercial opportunities in the North. The organization and function of Mīzābī corporations in Algiers and other northern cities are described. Finally, this article relates an Ibāçī reform ethic to Mīzābī commercial success and concludes with some reflections on religious ideology and environmental demands as contributing factors to the long-term Mīzābī role in commerce.
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A study of the impact of French imperialism on northern Saharan trade. Mīzāb’s important role in this trade
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Algiers under Ottoman rule contained an elaborate system of barrani (literally ‘foreigner’) corporations whose members were united by occupational specialisation and ethnic or racial identity. These corporations managed their affairs semi-autonomously under the leadership of one or several of their members while remaining vulnerable to political authorities who could threaten to withdraw occupational concessions. By the early nineteenth century, the Mizabi corporation was among the most prominent at Algiers, enjoying a quasi-monopoly over commercial enterprises such as flour mills, butcher shops, and public baths. The 1830 French conquest of Algiers confronted Mizabi merchants with an excruciating dilemma. The stakes were enormous for these Muslim sectarians who (1) played a central role in the survival of their Saharan home community, (2) served as key links in Algerian communication networks, and (3) made vital economic contributions to coastal cities. The Saharan community’s political submission to an alien power seemed unthinkable; starvation resulting from French threats to cut off caravan links to the Mizab was equally unthinkable. This study examines the background and impact of the 1838 and 1850 decrees reorganising the barrani corporations of French-controlled Algeria. Buffeted and torn by the dilemmas of political accommodation and Saharan survival, Mizabi merchants demonstrated remarkable resilience during a turbulent and transitional era.
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Sujet
Type de ressource
Année de publication
- Entre 1900 et 1999 (3)
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Entre 2000 et 2026
(1)
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Entre 2010 et 2019
(1)
- 2017 (1)
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Entre 2010 et 2019
(1)