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Francesca, E. (2009, November 9). The formation and early development of the Ibāḍī madhhab [Conférence]. Ibadism, Ibadi Studies, and the Sultanate of Oman.

Francesca, E. (2003). The formation and early development of the Ibāḍī madhhab. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 28, 260–277. Fonds Martin Custers.

P. 261: the aim of this study is to analyze the origins and the development of the Ibāḍī Madhhab and its relationship to the Sunnī schools in the early centuries of Islam. There are some important questions connected with this issue, for example, whether or not the Ibāḍī Fiqh developed independently of the Sunnī Fiqh, what was the role of the early Ibāḍī authorities and whether or not the position attributed to Jābir b. Zayd in the formation of Ibāḍī Fiqh could be accepted. I would argue that the solution depends on a critical analysis of Ibāḍī literature. It is possible, I would submit, to place these questions in the context of Islamic social and legal history. My research is based on the Ibāḍī Ṭabaqāt and Fiqh works and mainly on some Ibāḍī manuscripts, whose content seems to be early. Not only will the analysis of these texts make the process of establishment of the Ibāḍī Madhhab clearer, it will also provide a much stronger basis for the study of the early centuries of Islam. Pp. 263-264: the early Ibāḍī MSS the author refers to, and which contain Jābir b. Zayd’s legal responses and traditions, are: Jawābāt Jābir b. Zayd, Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb and Futyà al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb, the Traditions reported by ʿAmr b. Dīnār and ʿAmr b. Harim in parts 5 and 6 of the MS entitled Aqwāl Qatāda b. Diʿāma, K. al-Ṣalāt transmitted by Ḥabīb b. Abī Ḥabīb al-Jarmī from ʿAmr b. Harim from Jābir, included in the last part of the Aqwāl, the K. al-Nikāḥ, included in K. Nikāḥ al-Shighār by ʿAbdl. b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. All these works, with the exception of Jawābāt Jābir b. Zayd, are part of a collection of Ibāḍī MSS known as al-Dīwān al-maʿrūḍ ʿalà ‘l-ʿUlamā’ al-Ibāḍiyya, which is the principal source on Ibāḍī jurisprudence in the first centuries of Islam.

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Francesca, E. (2005). Early Ibāḍī jurisprudence: sources and case law. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 30, 231–263. Fonds Martin Custers.

Based on: Sadūsī, Abū ‘l-Khaṭṭāb Qatāda b. Diʿāma: Aqwāl Qatāda (see especially pp. 234-236); Azdī, Abū ‘l-Shaʿthā’ Jābir b. Zayd: Jawābāt Abī ‘l-Shaʿthā’ Jābir b. Zayd (see especially pp. 237-242); Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb: K. al-Āthār and Futyā al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb (see especially pp. 243-246); Ibn Ghānim, Abū Ghānim Bishr [b. Ghānim] al-Khurāsānī: al-Mudawwana (see especially pp. 246-248).

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Francesca, E. (2021). Tracing the History of Ibāḍī Law and Jurisprudence: A State of Art (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3898169; pp. 204–211). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3898169

In this essay, Ersilia Francesca reviews scholarship on Ibāḍī law, an understudied and marginalized subfield of Islamic legal history. She argues that recent scholarship in Ibāḍī law has demonstrated that Schact was mistaken to dismiss Ibāḍī jurists as outliers who adopted Sunnī legal norms with only a few tweaks. To the contrary, studying Ibāḍī law as a view of Islam "from the edge," she contends, enables a fuller picture of the multi-faceted process of Islamic law’s emergence. She further offers a periodization for the study of Ibāḍī jurisprudence in three chronological stages: a formative stage in Basra, an intermediate stage generated by Ibāḍī travels to Oman and the Magreb, ending in "a stage of maturity."

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Francesca, E. (2015). Generosity versus avarice in medieval Islam. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 42, 151–181.

Francesca, E. (2013, December 11). Law and Policies in the Early Ibadi Communities: Abū ‘Ubayda al-Tamīmī’s Risālat to Abū ’l-Khaṭṭāb al-Ma’āfirī. Ibadism in Islamic medieval societies:Political models, social forms of organization and interaction. https://www.casadevelazquez.org/en/research/past-activities/news/ibadism-in-islamic-medieval-societies/

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Francesca, E. (2015). Ibāḍī Law and Jurisprudence. The Muslim World, 105(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/muwo.12089

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Francesca, E. (2019, June 17). Continuity and Change in Early Ibāḍī Family Law [Conférence]. Ibadism and the Study of Islam: A view from the edge.

Francesca, E. (2002). Religious observance and market law in medieval Islam: The controversal application of the prohibition of usury according to some Ibâḍî sources. Revue Des Mondes Musulmans et de La Méditerranée, (99–100), 191–203. Fonds Martin Custers. https://doi.org/10.4000/remmm.1184

Especially on the prohibition of Ribā. Pp. 200-201: in dealing with the Ribā prohibition, one can point out a further incongruity in the Ibāḍī law. As stated above, money exchange and, in general, dealings in precious metals demanded immediate delivery of the two lots which had been exchanged. This doctrine was generally accepted but, among the Ibāḍīs, the ʿUmānī scholar Ibn Baraka (middle of the 5th/11th c.) stated that the exchange of gold for silver on credit is allowed. ... The doctrine of Ibn Baraka did not become part of the school’s teaching. This doctrine may be regarded as a survival of the original Medinese custom in that some traditions quoted by Muslim reported that, during the Prophet’s lifetime, people in Medina used to exchange gold for silver on credit.

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Francesca, E. (1994). Un contributo al problema della formazione e dello sviluppo del diritto islamica: i contratti de vendita e di commenda nel diritto ibadita dall fine del I all’ VIII secolo dell’Egira [Tesi di dottorato]. Università degli Studi di Napoli “l’Orientale.”

Francesca, E. (2012). Comparing Ibâḍî and Sunnî law in Baṣra : the case of the zakât on cattle. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, (132), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.4000/remmm.7763

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Francesca, E. (1987). L’elemosina rituale secondo gli Ibaditi. Studi Magrebini, 19, 1–64. Fonds Martin Custers.

Study and translation of the book on al-Zakāt in Jannāwunī: K. al-Waḍʿ fī ‘l-Furūʿ. The translation is on pp. 45-64. Comparisons are being made with Jayṭālī: Qanāṭir al-Khayrāt; Shammākhī, Abū Sākin ʿĀmir: K. al-Īḍāḥ; Qaṣbī: Ḥāshiya ʿalà K. al-Waḍʿ; Thamīnī: K. al-Nīl; Iṭfayyish: Sharḥ K. al-Nīl; Sunnī and Shīʿī sources.

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Francesca, E. (2022, September 26). Introduction to Ibadi legal sources: pre-classical and classical period [Séminaire]. 4th Summer School on Ibadism and Omani Studies: “Cultural Encounters and Ibadi Theological Developments.”

Francesca, E. (2021, August 30). The emergence of the encyclopaedical legal works and the definition of the uṣūl al-fiqh in the Omani sources. 11th Conference on Ibadi Studies “(Sacred) texts and (social) contexts” Text analysis and hermeneutics in Ibāḍī society and tradition. https://ibadistudies.org/index.php/conferences/upcoming-conferences/details

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Francesca, E. (2018). Le processus de « rationalisation » au sein de la tradition juridique ibadite [Séminaire].

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Francesca, E. (2002). Teoria e pratica del commercio nell’Islam medievale. I contratti di vendita e di commenda nel diritto ibāḍita. Istituto per l’Oriente C. A. Nallino. Fonds Martin Custers.

Francesca, E. (2020, June 24). Early Ibadi Law: Discussing Sources and Case Studies [Séminaire]. 3rd Ibadi Summer School : “Ibadi Islam: A Critical Examination of Sources.”

Francesca, E. (2021). "Put the ocean between them”: fornication as permanent impediment to marriage in early Ibāḍī Islam. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 50, 101–137.

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Francesca, E. (2018). Law and Politics in the Early Ibāḍī Communities: Abū ‘Ubayda al-Tamīmī’s Risāla to Abū ’l-Khaṭṭāb al-Ma‘Āfirī. In C. Aillet (Ed.), L’ibadisme dans les sociétés de l’Islam médiéval (pp. 72–87). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110584394-008

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