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"Biezeveld, Irini"

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Archéologie -- Oman

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Döpper, S., & Biezeveld, I. (2020, November 30). Investigating the Late Islamic (1500-1950) Pottery of Central Oman: Case studies from Safrat al-Khashbah and Al-Washhi [Colloque]. Oman Studies in Germany: New Research in Archaeology, History and Social Anthropology.
Biezeveld, I., & Düring, B. S. (2020). Pre-oil Globalization in a Rural Community: The Late Islamic Village of Sahlat in the Suhar Region. Journal of Islamic Archaeology, 7(2), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.18167

This article aims to study whether the increase of agricultural settlements in the Sultanate of Oman during the Late Islamic period (c. 1500-1950) was related to pre-oil globalization, as attested in the wider Gulf region. This is done by analysing the archaeological dataset of the agricultural village of Sahlat, with a focus on the ceramic material, located in the Suhar region. The assemblages collected by the Wadi al-Jizzi Archaeological Project, point to its occupation from c. 1750 to 1930. During this time period, the coastal towns of southeastern Arabia were heavily influenced by globalization processes, but the effects and reach of trade on rural communities remains poorly known. In this paper, Sahlat is compared to two contemporary sites connected to the same falaj system, and two other sites in the Gulf region. The results indicate that pre-oil globalization did not only impact coastal towns, but that rural settlements such as Sahlat experienced similar transformations. It is suggested that pre-oil globalization was not only linked to the pearling trade, but that the export of dates should also be taken into consideration when studying this topic.

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Schmidt, C., Kluge, J., & Biezeveld, I. (2025). Archaeological expedition to al khashbah (2023): Ibra south. Athar: Bulletin of Archaeological Research in the Sultanate of Oman, (1), 200–204.

A small, newly discovered Umm an-Nar settlement close to the southern outskirts of the modern city of Ibra was investigated by a team from the University of Frankfurt, Germany between 1 March 2023 and 11 April 2023. The investigation included a detailed surface survey with find collection, as well as small-scale excavations at two of the buildings. The results of the first campaign suggest a well-planned settlement structure with specialized areas for the production or refinement of copper and copper objects. Of particular importance was the discovery of multiple plano-convex copper ingots during the excavations of one of the domestic buildings.
Döpper, S., & Biezeveld, I. (2025). Life Histories of Mudbrick Settlements in Central Oman. In S. Döpper, B. Mershen, J. Kanditt, I. Biezeveld, & T. Schmidt-Lux (Eds.), Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.
Živković, J., Lopez, J. C., Döpper, S., & Biezeveld, I. (2025). The production of Bahlā Ware in the context of late Islamic Oman. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 54, 247–262. https://archaeopresspublishing.com/ojs/index.php/PSAS/article/view/2729

Among glazed Arabian Gulf wares, Bahlā Ware stands out as one of the most documented objects of consumption at sites in Oman, the UAE, Qatar, and Bahrain from the sixteenth to the early twentieth century. Previous scientific studies of Bahlā Ware from UAE and Qatar formed the basis for understanding its production technology and provenance, as well as the unique composition of its lead-barium glaze. This paper presents the new results of petrographic and chemical analyses of thirty-two Bahlā samples from Oman, contributing to a better understanding of the compositional variability of ceramics, the provenance of raw materials, and techniques used for the application of lead-barium glazes. The compositional match between samples of Bahlā Ware from Oman, the UAE, and Qatar reveals the exploitation of the same geological source of raw materials over several centuries. Previous research has associated this source with the ophiolitic geological formation in Oman. The results of chemical analysis of glazes confirmed that the Omani samples were also coated with a lead-barium glaze of the same type as reported for UAE and Qatar.

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Döpper, S., Mershen, B., Kanditt, J., Biezeveld, I., & Schmidt-Lux, T. (Eds.). (2025). Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.

Caught between the poles of remembering and forgetting, glorification and neglect, the abandoned mudbrick settlements (ḥārāt) of Oman are a vital object of conflicting processes of interpretation and negotiation. Adopting a diachronic perspective, the multi-disciplinary book’s chapters examine their past, present and future. The book presents approaches and results of archaeological, ethnographic, historical and sociological research on abandoned ḥārāt. Oman’s landscape is dotted with abandoned mudbrick settlements and quarters, known as ḥārāt, either isolated in the countryside or surrounded by vibrant, modern urban centres. Most of them were abandoned during the economic upturn and opening of the country after Sultan Qaboos bin Said came to power in 1970. People’s move from traditional mudbrick to modern concrete houses led to the deterioration and decay of the physical substance of the mudbrick buildings. In the face of these conditions, various Omani and international actors have repeatedly warned against the uncontrolled loss of this valuable cultural heritage. The former inhabitants of the mudbrick houses and their descendants have also repeatedly emphasised their emotional attachment to these abandoned places and their personal significance to them. At the same time, others, especially tourists, have glorified the dilapidated state of the ruins as an aesthetically beautiful backdrop for a romanticised vision of the past. This was the starting point for the interdisciplinary research project “The abandoned mudbrick settlements of central Oman: Between romanticisation and neglect”, funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation as part of the “Lost Cities” programme between 2020 and 2022, and conducted by the editors of the present volume. It constitutes the proceedings of the closing conference of the project, in which team members present their results and leading experts give their input on inhabited, abandoned and re(dis)covered mudbrick settlements in the Sultanate of Oman.
Mershen, B. (2025). Reclaimed, Rediscovered or Reinvented – The Changing Perceptions of Ḥārāt since the Omani Nahḍa. In S. Döpper, B. Mershen, J. Kanditt, I. Biezeveld, & T. Schmidt-Lux (Eds.), Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.
Delitz, H. (2025). Modern Architectures vs ‘Pre-Modern’ Ḥārāt: Architecture Against the Tribes in Oman. In S. Döpper, B. Mershen, J. Kanditt, I. Biezeveld, & T. Schmidt-Lux (Eds.), Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.
Kanditt, J., & Schmidt-Lux, T. (2025). #Mudbrick #Oman: On the Tourist Perception of Abandoned Ḥārāt Architecture. In S. Döpper, B. Mershen, J. Kanditt, I. Biezeveld, & T. Schmidt-Lux (Eds.), Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.
Mahrooqi, A. B. H. al-. (2025). Documentation of Omani Traditional Settlements (Ḥārāt): Reality and Aspirations. In S. Döpper, B. Mershen, J. Kanditt, I. Biezeveld, & T. Schmidt-Lux (Eds.), Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.
Bandyopadhyay, S., & Briguglio, C. (2025). Harat Al ʿAqr in Nizwa and Three Artistic Traditions. In S. Döpper, B. Mershen, J. Kanditt, I. Biezeveld, & T. Schmidt-Lux (Eds.), Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.
Young, R., & Brooks, A. (2025). Memory and Belonging in the Bat Oasis, Oman. In S. Döpper, B. Mershen, J. Kanditt, I. Biezeveld, & T. Schmidt-Lux (Eds.), Mudbrick Settlements of the Oman Peninsula Inhabited - Abandoned - Re(dis)covered. Sidestone Press.

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